O processo de transferência tecnologia-produto é considerado uma competência essência dentro das empresas desenvolvedoras de produtos inovadores e consiste em um relacionamento envolvendo uma empresa desenvolvedora da tecnologia denominada de fornecedora e outra denominada de usuária, que conduz esforços de desenvolvimento d produtos utilizando-se dessa tecnologia. A literatura aponta como o principal problema dessa transferência, a incerteza tecnológica, que dificulta a utilização efetiva da tecnologia e sua incorporação em novos produtos pela empresa usuária, comprometendo a eficácia desse processo e do desenvolvimento de produtos. Diante desse cenário o objetivo da pesquisa consiste em propor um modelo para o processo de transferência tecnologia-produto a partir do recorte analítico de redes colaborativas. Sabe-se que as redes podem contribuir com a geração manutenção e ampliação das inovações nessas empresas, diminuindo a incerteza tecnológica melhorando a habilidade das empresas em desenvolver novos produtos. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa foi utilizada a metodologia de modelagem organizacional Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD) como base para a construção do modelo, sendo esta modelagem realizada por meio de estudos de casos em empresas de alta tecnologia. Diante dos resultados empíricos juntamente com a literatura foi proposto o modelo que visa auxilia as empresas a utilizar os conceitos de redes colaborativas de forma sistemática e factível dentro do setor estudado, já que pesquisas prévias não trazem essa contribuição prática. Esse modelo pode orientar as empresas a estruturar ou reestruturar o processo de transferência tecnologia-produto para que seja colaborativo e não simplesmente uma relação de mercado. / The product technology transfer process is considered a key competence in firms that develop innovative products. This process consists of organizations who develop technology known as suppliers and recipient organization who conduct the product development effort. The literature points the technological uncertainty as the main problem of the transfer, hindering the effective use of technology and its incorporation into new products by the user firm, compromising the effectiveness of this process and product development. Based on this scenario, the purpose of the research is to proposea model for the product technology transfer process from the analytical approach of collaborative networks. The collaborative networks contribute to the generation, maintenance, and extension of innovation, reducing uncertainty and improving the technological ability of firms todevelop new products. In order to achieve the research objective, the organizational modeling methodology called Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD) was used as the basis for developing the model. This modeling was performed by means of case studies in high-technology firms. Based on the empirical results and literature, the model was proposed in order to help firms in the sector studied, using the concepts of collaborative networks in a systematic way, since previous research did not present this practical contribution. Besides, this model can guide firms to structure or restructure the product technology transfer process in a collaborative way and not simply a market relationship.

O processo de transferência tecnologia-produto é considerado uma competência essência dentro das empresas desenvolvedoras de produtos inovadores e consiste em um relacionamento envolvendo uma empresa desenvolvedora da tecnologia denominada de fornecedora e outra denominada de usuária, que conduz esforços de desenvolvimento d produtos utilizando-se dessa tecnologia. A literatura aponta como o principal problema dessa transferência, a incerteza tecnológica, que dificulta a utilização efetiva da tecnologia e sua incorporação em novos produtos pela empresa usuária, comprometendo a eficácia desse processo e do desenvolvimento de produtos. Diante desse cenário o objetivo da pesquisa consiste em propor um modelo para o processo de transferência tecnologia-produto a partir do recorte analítico de redes colaborativas. Sabe-se que as redes podem contribuir com a geração manutenção e ampliação das inovações nessas empresas, diminuindo a incerteza tecnológica melhorando a habilidade das empresas em desenvolver novos produtos. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa foi utilizada a metodologia de modelagem organizacional Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD) como base para a construção do modelo, sendo esta modelagem realizada por meio de estudos de casos em empresas de alta tecnologia. Diante dos resultados empíricos juntamente com a literatura foi proposto o modelo que visa auxilia as empresas a utilizar os conceitos de redes colaborativas de forma sistemática e factível dentro do setor estudado, já que pesquisas prévias não trazem essa contribuição prática. Esse modelo pode orientar as empresas a estruturar ou reestruturar o processo de transferência tecnologia-produto para que seja colaborativo e não simplesmente uma relação de mercado. / The product technology transfer process is considered a key competence in firms that develop innovative products. This process consists of organizations who develop technology known as suppliers and recipient organization who conduct the product development effort. The literature points the technological uncertainty as the main problem of the transfer, hindering the effective use of technology and its incorporation into new products by the user firm, compromising the effectiveness of this process and product development. Based on this scenario, the purpose of the research is to proposea model for the product technology transfer process from the analytical approach of collaborative networks. The collaborative networks contribute to the generation, maintenance, and extension of innovation, reducing uncertainty and improving the technological ability of firms todevelop new products. In order to achieve the research objective, the organizational modeling methodology called Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD) was used as the basis for developing the model. This modeling was performed by means of case studies in high-technology firms. Based on the empirical results and literature, the model was proposed in order to help firms in the sector studied, using the concepts of collaborative networks in a systematic way, since previous research did not present this practical contribution. Besides, this model can guide firms to structure or restructure the product technology transfer process in a collaborative way and not simply a market relationship.

This thesis is focused for manufacturing of a gun barrels and his issues. In thesis is involved introducing of the company Česká zbrojovka a.s. and definition of hand fired guns. Written analysis present the state of a technological process and describe an individual phase of manufacturing of the semi-finished product of gun barrel and the following conclusion of a complex manufacturing of a gun barrel from the semi-finished product to the stand, when the gun barrel installed into the gun is. Subsequently are suggested possibly solutions of manufacturing rationalization and possibly purchasing of a new modern CNC machines. In the end is accomplished a technical-economic evaluation, which compares existing and suggesting of the technology.

The current linear “take-make-use-dispose” approach relies on an ever-increasing demand of new products as a driver of economic growth. In this approach, companies usually make profit by frequent product replacements, even though these products are typically still fully functional. This is unsustainable as it strains natural resources and contributes significantly to environmental degradation. To counter this, the concept of a CE promotes extending product lifecycles through strategies such as reuse, repair, remanufacture, or recycling. One effective strategy is upgrading certain product modules to incorporate the latest technological developments, thereby extending the lifetime of a product, improving functionality, and thus creating additional value for the customer. However, companies face the challenge of planning products and the associated technologies across multiple product generations. A lever for this is technology foresight, aiming to identify emerging technological developments at an early stage so companies can exploit their potential. This approach helps to pinpoint the technological areas of a product with high innovation cycles that are ideal for upgrades to meet new customer requirements and extend the product's lifetime. This thesis focuses on developing an approach for technology foresight to enable an upgrade circular economy. The research includes a review of existing literature about technology foresight and upgrade circular economy, identifying key gaps and opportunities for innovation. The proposed approach combines market-pull and technology-push, as both are drivers for the development of new technologies. The market-pull perspective aims to identify key factors driving technological developments through market-oriented influences such as changing market trends or customer requirements. These requirements are translated into technical functions using the QFD method. The technology-push perspective, on the other hand, aims to identify key factors driving technological developments through technology-oriented influences such as new scientific discoveries. The proposed approach distinguishes between inside-out and outside-in technology identification. The identified technologies are then analyzed based on their development dynamics using publication or patent analysis. The theoretical approach developed in this thesis serves as a starting point for further research activities to implement the idea of an upgrade circular economy. / Den nuvarande linjära "take-make-use-dispose"-strategin bygger på en ständigt ökande efterfrågan på nya produkter som drivkraft för ekonomisk tillväxt. Enligt detta synsätt tjänar företagen pengar på att ofta byta ut produkter, trots att dessa produkter vanligtvis fortfarande är fullt funktionsdugliga. Detta är ohållbart eftersom det tär på naturresurserna och bidrar till en betydande miljöförstöring. För att motverka detta främjar CE-konceptet en förlängning av produkternas livscykler genom strategier som återanvändning, reparation, återtillverkning eller återvinning. En effektiv strategi är att uppgradera vissa produktmoduler för att införliva den senaste tekniska utvecklingen och därigenom förlänga produktens livslängd, förbättra funktionaliteten och därmed skapa mervärde för kunden. Företagen står dock inför utmaningen att planera produkter och tillhörande teknik över flera produktgenerationer. En hävstång för detta är teknisk framsynthet, som syftar till att identifiera nya tekniska utvecklingar på ett tidigt stadium så att företagen kan utnyttja deras potential. Detta tillvägagångssätt hjälper till att identifiera de tekniska områden i en produkt med höga innovationscykler som är idealiska för uppgraderingar för att uppfylla nya kundkrav och förlänga produktens livslängd. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla ett tillvägagångssätt för teknikprognoser för att möjliggöra en uppgraderad cirkulär ekonomi. Forskningen omfattar en genomgång av befintlig litteratur om teknikprognoser och uppgradering av cirkulär ekonomi, och identifierar viktiga luckor och möjligheter till innovation. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet kombinerar market-pull och technology-push, eftersom båda är drivkrafter för utvecklingen av ny teknik. Market-pull-perspektivet syftar till att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som driver den tekniska utvecklingen genom marknadsorienterade influenser, t.ex. förändrade marknadstrender eller kundkrav. Dessa krav översätts till tekniska funktioner med hjälp av QFD-metoden. Technology-push-perspektivet, å andra sidan, syftar till att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som driver den tekniska utvecklingen genom teknikorienterade influenser, t.ex. nya vetenskapliga upptäckter. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet skiljer mellan inside-out och outside-in teknikidentifiering. De identifierade teknologierna analyseras sedan utifrån deras utvecklingsdynamik med hjälp av publikations- eller patentanalys. Den teoretiska ansats som utvecklats i denna avhandling fungerar som en utgångspunkt för ytterligare forskningsaktiviteter för att genomföra idén om en uppgraderad cirkulär ekonomi.