Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sa_ro_dr_botfca.pdf: 609591 bytes, checksum: fbbd21f4b97ce442e120737b875fffb0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar 100 progênies de meios irmãos da população de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.), cultivar CATI AL 1000 em dois ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos, para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, teor de óleo no grão e produtividade de óleo, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, no município de São Manuel – SP, no ano de 2004, e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu – SP, no ano de 2005, 2006, e 2007, pertencentes a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – campus de Botucatu – SP, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000, em ensaio de competição, distribuídas em delineamento látice 10x10, parcialmente balanceado, com três repetições. As progênies superiores foram recombinadas e selecionadas no ano agrícola seguinte obtendo um ciclo a cada dois anos. Foram realizados dois ciclos de seleção. Os dados coletados a campo, para todas as características, foram padronizados seguindo a metodologia recomendada, e submetidos a análise de variância e testes de médias. Foram obtidas as correlações entre os caracteres e obtidas as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos. Para todas as características avaliadas, foi identificada a presença de variabilidade genética, decrescendo no segundo ciclo de seleção, entre as progênies de meios irmãos. Foram observados ganhos genéticos de 8,96, 18,47, 93,29, 12,51, e 69,11 %, para as características avaliadas: altura das plantas, massa de 1000 grãos, produção de grãos, teor de óleo do grão, e produtividade de grão, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação negativa e significativa entre produtividade de grãos e teor de óleo... / The purpose of the present research was evaluate100 half-sib progenies of the population of wild radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiferus Metzg.) Cultivar CATI AL 1000 in two cycles of selection, among and within half-sib progenies for characteristics: cycle of plants, plant height, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, grain oil content and oil yield in the Experimental Farm San Manuel, in Sao Manuel - SP, in 2004, and in the Farm Experimental Lageado, in Botucatu - SP, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, at Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas – Botucatu campus - SP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho”. In this study, were evaluated 100 half-sib progenies of wild radish cultivar CATI AL 1000, in an essay competition, distributed in a 10x10 lattice, partially balanced, with three replications. The selected progenies were recombined and selected in the following crop year obtaining a cycle every two years. There were two cycles of selection. For all traits, the data collected at the field were patterned according to recommended methodology, and subjected to analysis of variance and multiple comparisons. The correlations between the characters and the estimates of genetic parameters were obtained. For all traits, the presence of genetic variability was identified, decreasing in the second cylce of selection, among the half-sib progenies. Genetic gains of 8.96, 18.47, 93.29, 12.51 were observed, and 69.11% for the characteristics evaluated: plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, oil content of grain, and grain yield, respectively.There was negative correlation between grain yield and grain oil content, plant height and mass of 1000 grains, and positive and significant relationship between grain yield and plant height, also 1000 grain weight and oil content of grain. The genetic parameters values decreased from cycle I to cycle II, but the high magnitudes calculated in the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de brotações de progênies de Eucalyptus grandis in vitro. Brotações oriundas de explantes de hipocótilos distais de 10 progênies foram utilizadas no meio de cultura JADS (CORREIA et al., 1995). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 10 tratamentos (10 progênies). No meio de cultura suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,1 mg L-1 de AIA, efetuaram-se 3 subcultivos e aos 63 dias foram avaliadas as massas fresca e seca. O meio de cultura com 0,1 mgL-1 de BAP foi utilizado no alongamento das brotações e em brotações individualizadas. No alongamento de brotações, procederam-se 3 subcultivos, e aos 63 dias foram avaliadas as massas fresca e seca e número de brotações. No alongamento de brotações individualizadas, aos 21 dias foram avaliadas a altura e a ocorrência de raízes. Existiram respostas diferenciadas das progênies; algumas progênies mostraram maior produção de massa fresca e seca e outras se destacaram no alongamento e enraizamento in vitro. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth and development of eucalyptus grandis progeny shoots in vitro. Shoots from distal hypocotyl explants of 10 progenies were cultivated in the JADS (CORREIA et al., 1995) tissue culture medium. The culture medium was suplemented with 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,1 mg L-1 de IAA. Three subcultures where made and at 63rd day of culture, the fresh and oven dry weight and number of shoots were evaluated. At the elongation phase, using the culture medium suplemented with 0,1 mg L-1 de BAP, three subcultures were made and at the 63rd day of culture, fresh and oven dry weight, shoot height and rooting percentage were evaluated. There were differentiated progeny responses. Some showed higher fresh and oven dry weight production and others showed higher elongation rates and rooting percentage.

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Resumo: Populações braquíticas têm sido constantemente estudadas no melhoramento de milho, o interesse por cultivares de porte baixo tem aumentado, principalmente por tolerarem plantios adensados, permitindo maior número de plantas por hectare. A prolificidade é um dos principais componentes na produção do milho que além da estabilidade de produção permite maior eficiência na utilização de nutrientes na planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a variabilidade genética, para diferentes caracteres, presente nas populações Isanão VF-1 e Isanão VD-1 após sete ciclos de seleção massal para prolificidade. Foram avaliadas 121 progênies de meios irmãos da população Isanão VF-1 e 65 progênies da população Isanão VD-1, ambas populações de milho braquítico, na segunda safra do ano agrícola 2017 (E1) e primeira safra 2017/2018 (E2). Os caracteres avaliados para as duas épocas de semeadura foram enfezamento, tombamento, prolificidade e rendimento de espigas, e apenas para a E2 foram avaliados florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas e rendimento de grãos. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e os ganhos esperados com seleção com intensidade de seleção de 20%, para cada época e conjuntamente. Para a população Isanão VF-1 foram estimadas herdabilidades que variaram entre 37,70% e 74,82%, e ganhos de -5,11%, -10,48% para enfezamento, 19,57% e 7,13% para prolificidade, 20,75% e 15,74% para rendimento de espigas na E1 e E2 respectivamente. Para a população Isanão VD-1 as her... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Maize brachytic populations have been constantly studied in maize breeding, the interest for low-growing cultivars has increased, mainly because they tolerate high density of plants. Prolificacy is one of the main components of yield in maize that besides the yield stability allows higher efficiency in the use of nutrients in the plant. The objective of this work was to verify the genetic variability for different carachteres in the Isanão VF-1 and Isanão VD-1 brachytic populations after seven cycles of mass selection for prolificacy. A total of 121 open cross corn progenies from the Isanão VF-1 population and 65 open cross corn progenies from the Isanão VD-1 population, both brachytic maize populations, were evaluated in first crop 2017 (E1) and second crop 2017/2018 (E2). The evaluated traits for the two seasons were corn stunt complex, fall index, prolificacy and ear yield, and only for E2 were evaluated feminine flowering, plant height, ear height and grain yield. Genetic parameters and expected gains with selection, with 20% of intensity, were calculated for each season and jointly. For the Isanão VF-1 population, heritabilities were estimated from 37.70% to 74.82%, and expected gains of -5.11%, -10.48% for corn stunt complex, 19.57% and 7.13% for prolificacy, 20.75% and 15.74% for ear yield at E1 and E2 respectively. For the Isanão VD-1 population the heritabilities varied between 8.01% and 75.36%, and estimated gains were -3.198% and -9.565% for corn stunt complex, 12.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Banca: Paulo Bahiense Ferraz Filho / Banca: Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha Silva / Resumo: Técnicas como a redução do espaçamento entre linhas, permitindo um melhor arranjo das plantas no campo, juntamente com o aumento da densidade de semeadura, podem ser empregadas para aumentar a interceptação da radiação solar, visando o aumento do rendimento para cultivares de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variação genética do Composto Flintisa Anão de milho, verificando se o mesmo apresenta potencial para melhoramento em condições de espaçamento reduzido e alta densidade populacional, em duas épocas de semeadura (normal e safrinha). Foram avaliadas, 150 progênies na safrinha/2004 e 118 na época normal (safra 2004/05), no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e densidade de 80.000 plantas ha-1, para os caracteres florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, tombamento, prolificidade, grãos ardidos, rendimento. Variância genética aditiva, herdabilidade, correlação entre os caracteres, resposta correlacionada de um caráter mediante a seleção em outro e ganho esperado com seleção foram estimados para cada época e conjuntamente, considerando as progênies comuns nos dois ambientes. As herdabilidades estimadas foram 84,91 e 61,27% para altura de plantas, 80,90 e 66,86% para altura de espigas, 39,59 e 48,60% para tombamento, 60,12 e 45,01% para prolificidade e 78,07 e 63,32% para rendimento, respectivamente para época normal e safrinha. Os ganhos esperados com seleção de intensidade 20% foram 23,78 e 19,2% para rendimento, 12,36 e 10,5% para prolificidade e 19,10 e 12,9% para altura de espigas, respectivamente para época normal e safrinha. Considerando a análise conjunta, as herdabilidades e ganhos foram intermediários entre as duas épocas. As magnitudes dos parâmetros genéticos permitiram verificar que existe suficiente variabilidade genética no Composto Flintisa Anão, indicando a possibilidade de ganhos substanciais...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Techniques as spacing row reduction, allowing a better plant arrangement in the field, together with the increase of the sowing density, can be used to increase the interception of the solar radiation, seeking the increase of the grain yield for some maize cultivars. The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variation of the Dwarf Flintisa Composite of maize, to verify its potential for improvement in reduced spacing between rows and high density of plants in two seasons (summer planting and no crop season). There were evaluated 150 progenies in no crop season (March to July/2004) and 118 progenies in summer planting (November/2004 to March/2005), in 0.45 m spacing rows and density of 80000 plants ha-1, for the traits feminine flowering, plant height, ear height, fall index, prolificacy, burning grains and grain yield. Addictive genetic variance, heritability correlation between traits, correlated answer of a trait by selection in other and expected gain selection, were estimated for each season and jointly. The heritability estimates were 84,91 e 61,27% for plant height, 80,90 e 66,86% for year height, 60.12 e 45.01% for prolificacy e 78.07 e 63.32% for grain yield, respectively to summer planting and no crop season. The expected gain with selection of 20% intensity were 23.78 and 19.2% for grain yield, 12.36 and 10.5% for prolificacy and 19.10 and 12.9% for ear height, respectively for summer crop and no crop season. In the joint analyses the heritabilities and expected gains were intermediate between two crop season. The genetics parameters magnitude showed that enough genetic variability in Dwarf Flintisa Composite indicating the possibility of substantial gain with selection in conditions of high density and reducing spacing between rows in summer crop and no crop season, and too to obtain a unique adapted population for both...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo, avaliar a variabilidade genética de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000 por meio de progênies de meios irmãos, e obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, e teor de óleo no grão, sendo conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manuel, campus de Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos, distribuídas em Látice triplo 10x10, parcialmente balanceado. Para as características ciclo das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos e teor de óleo no grão, foi detectado diferença significativa para o quadrado médio de progênies, pelo teste F. Para a característica ciclo das plantas, o valor médio e a amplitude de variação das progênies foram, 137 dias, 121 - 158 dias respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 45,90 % e 1,09 %. Para característica produtividade de grãos, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram, 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g, (49,40 kg/ha, 5,20 - 123,70 kg/ha) respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção esperado, foram superiores em relação aos encontrados na literatura, comparando-se com populações de milho, para característica produtividade de grão, com valores de 90,70 % e 19,30 % respectivamente. A massa de 1000 grãos apresentou valores para a média e amplitude de variação de progênies de, 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de selção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 56,80 % e 4,80 %. Para a característica teor de óleo no grão, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 %, respectivamente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate fodder radish genetic variability, cultivar CATI AL 100, by using half-sib progenies, and to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the characteristics: plant cycle, plant height, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, being carried out at UNESP Experimental Farm in São Manuel municipal districtal, Botucatu campus (São Paulo State, Brazil). A hundred half-sib progenies were distributed in triple latice scheme 10x10, partially balanced. For the characteristics plant cycle, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, was detected, for the progenies medium square, significant difference, by F test. For the characteristic plant cycle, the average value and progenies range were 137 days and 121 - 158 days, respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and selection gain presented the following values: 45,90 % e 1,09 %. For grain yield character, the average value and progenies range were 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g (49,40 kg ha-1, 5,20 - 123,70 kg ha-1) respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and expected selection gain, were higher than those ones found in literature, being compared with maize populations, for grain yield, with values of 90,70 % and 19,30 % respectively. The mass of 1000 seeds presented values for the average and progenies range of 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectively. The estimates of inheritability coefficients and selection gain showed the following values: 56,80 % e 4,80 % For the characteristic seed oil content, the average and progenies range were 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 % respectively...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Coorientador: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral / Banca: Juliana Parisotto Poletine / Banca: João Paulo Teixeira Whitaker / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cs_me_ilha.pdf: 372222 bytes, checksum: a23d8dffc9394536874e4aba2dd0153a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O Eucalyptus urophylla destaca-se pelo potencial de utilização de sua madeira, pela sua plasticidade de adaptação a diferentes condições ambientais brasileiras e por ser tolerante ao cancro do eucalipto (Cryphonectria cubensis). A utilização de sementes melhoradas se faz necessária, considerando o iminente déficit florestal que começou no Brasil, a partir de 2004, em função da demanda por madeira ser maior que a sua oferta. Entretanto, o melhoramento dessa espécie, no Brasil, depende da existência de variabilidade genética das populações introduzidas, a qual evita a ocorrência de depressão endogâmica. O presente trabalho visa o estudo genético de uma população base de E. urophylla, originária de Flores e Timor, e instalada em Selvíria-MS. Estudou - se a variabilidade genética dessa população através de análises quantitativas. Dessa forma, os objetivos específicos do estudo foram: a) estimar a variabilidade genética para os principais caracteres silviculturais; b) estimar possíveis ganhos na seleção, utilizando-se da seleção entre e dentro de progênies e do Índice Multi-efeitos, analisando o efeito do desbaste em uma população base de E. urophylla. O experimento foi instalado em 17 de março de 1992, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira (FE/UNESP), localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. O teste de progênies foi instalado obedecendo a um delineamento experimental em Látice 8x8, quíntuplo, parcialmente balanceado, com 64 progênies provenientes da Estação Experimental do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF/ESALQ/USP), localizada no município de Anhembi – S.P. As parcelas contêm oito árvores, no espaçamento de 3,0 x 3,0 metros. Os caracteres quantitativos avaliados e analisados foram: 1- diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP); 2- altura total da planta (H); 3- tipo de... / The Eucalyptus urophylla is detached for its wood potential of utilization for its plasticity of plasticity of adaptation in different Brazilian’s environmental conditions and for being tolerant towards the eucalyptus canker (Cryphonectria cubensis). The utilization of improved seeds is needed, considering the imminent woodland’s deficit that started in Brazil, in 2004, since the heavy Wood demand was higher than it offers. However the improvements of this specie in Brazil, depends on the existence of genetic variability of the installed populations, which avoids the occurrence of endogamous depression. The present report aims at the genetic study of a base population of E. urophylla, originated from Flores e Timor, and installed in Selvíria-MS. Its genetic variability was studied through quantitative analysis. This way, the specific objectives of this report was: a) Guess the genetic variability for the main silvicultural characters; b) Guess possible earnings in the selection, utilizing this selection among and inside the progenies and inside the progenies and the index of multi-effects, analyzing the skive effect in a base population of E. urophylla. The experiment was installed on March 17th of 1992, on the engineering university’s farm of teaching, researches, and extension, campus in Ilha Solteira (FE/UNESP), located in Selvíria - MS. The progenies test was installed obeying an experimental delineation in lattice of 8x8, quintuplet, partially balanced with 64 progenies which came from the experimental station in the woodland’s institute of researches and studies, (IPEF/ESALQ/USP), located in of Anhembi - SP. The parcels have 8 trees, in a space of 3,0 x 3,0 meters. The evaluated and analyzed quantitative characters was: 1-Diameter at chest’s height (DAP); 2-Total plant’s height (H); 3-Kind of bark (CAS); 4- Shape of the shank (FOR); 5- Bifurcation; 6- Survival (SOBR) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-07-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_fq_me_ilha.pdf: 402195 bytes, checksum: 891e0de8ce83ee54cd2757950f8ec5f3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Técnicas como a redução do espaçamento entre linhas, permitindo um melhor arranjo das plantas no campo, juntamente com o aumento da densidade de semeadura, podem ser empregadas para aumentar a interceptação da radiação solar, visando o aumento do rendimento para cultivares de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variação genética do Composto Flintisa Anão de milho, verificando se o mesmo apresenta potencial para melhoramento em condições de espaçamento reduzido e alta densidade populacional, em duas épocas de semeadura (normal e safrinha). Foram avaliadas, 150 progênies na safrinha/2004 e 118 na época normal (safra 2004/05), no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e densidade de 80.000 plantas ha-1, para os caracteres florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, tombamento, prolificidade, grãos ardidos, rendimento. Variância genética aditiva, herdabilidade, correlação entre os caracteres, resposta correlacionada de um caráter mediante a seleção em outro e ganho esperado com seleção foram estimados para cada época e conjuntamente, considerando as progênies comuns nos dois ambientes. As herdabilidades estimadas foram 84,91 e 61,27% para altura de plantas, 80,90 e 66,86% para altura de espigas, 39,59 e 48,60% para tombamento, 60,12 e 45,01% para prolificidade e 78,07 e 63,32% para rendimento, respectivamente para época normal e safrinha. Os ganhos esperados com seleção de intensidade 20% foram 23,78 e 19,2% para rendimento, 12,36 e 10,5% para prolificidade e 19,10 e 12,9% para altura de espigas, respectivamente para época normal e safrinha. Considerando a análise conjunta, as herdabilidades e ganhos foram intermediários entre as duas épocas. As magnitudes dos parâmetros genéticos permitiram verificar que existe suficiente variabilidade genética no Composto Flintisa Anão, indicando a possibilidade de ganhos substanciais... / Techniques as spacing row reduction, allowing a better plant arrangement in the field, together with the increase of the sowing density, can be used to increase the interception of the solar radiation, seeking the increase of the grain yield for some maize cultivars. The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variation of the Dwarf Flintisa Composite of maize, to verify its potential for improvement in reduced spacing between rows and high density of plants in two seasons (summer planting and no crop season). There were evaluated 150 progenies in no crop season (March to July/2004) and 118 progenies in summer planting (November/2004 to March/2005), in 0.45 m spacing rows and density of 80000 plants ha-1, for the traits feminine flowering, plant height, ear height, fall index, prolificacy, burning grains and grain yield. Addictive genetic variance, heritability correlation between traits, correlated answer of a trait by selection in other and expected gain selection, were estimated for each season and jointly. The heritability estimates were 84,91 e 61,27% for plant height, 80,90 e 66,86% for year height, 60.12 e 45.01% for prolificacy e 78.07 e 63.32% for grain yield, respectively to summer planting and no crop season. The expected gain with selection of 20% intensity were 23.78 and 19.2% for grain yield, 12.36 and 10.5% for prolificacy and 19.10 and 12.9% for ear height, respectively for summer crop and no crop season. In the joint analyses the heritabilities and expected gains were intermediate between two crop season. The genetics parameters magnitude showed that enough genetic variability in Dwarf Flintisa Composite indicating the possibility of substantial gain with selection in conditions of high density and reducing spacing between rows in summer crop and no crop season, and too to obtain a unique adapted population for both...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sa_ro_me_botfca.pdf: 322008 bytes, checksum: ee9da95a6159f5e5fc33c0c3b613a125 (MD5) / Bayer S.A. / O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo, avaliar a variabilidade genética de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000 por meio de progênies de meios irmãos, e obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, e teor de óleo no grão, sendo conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manuel, campus de Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos, distribuídas em Látice triplo 10x10, parcialmente balanceado. Para as características ciclo das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos e teor de óleo no grão, foi detectado diferença significativa para o quadrado médio de progênies, pelo teste F. Para a característica ciclo das plantas, o valor médio e a amplitude de variação das progênies foram, 137 dias, 121 - 158 dias respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 45,90 % e 1,09 %. Para característica produtividade de grãos, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram, 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g, (49,40 kg/ha, 5,20 - 123,70 kg/ha) respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção esperado, foram superiores em relação aos encontrados na literatura, comparando-se com populações de milho, para característica produtividade de grão, com valores de 90,70 % e 19,30 % respectivamente. A massa de 1000 grãos apresentou valores para a média e amplitude de variação de progênies de, 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de selção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 56,80 % e 4,80 %. Para a característica teor de óleo no grão, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 %, respectivamente... / The objective of the present study was to evaluate fodder radish genetic variability, cultivar CATI AL 100, by using half-sib progenies, and to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the characteristics: plant cycle, plant height, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, being carried out at UNESP Experimental Farm in São Manuel municipal districtal, Botucatu campus (São Paulo State, Brazil). A hundred half-sib progenies were distributed in triple latice scheme 10x10, partially balanced. For the characteristics plant cycle, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, was detected, for the progenies medium square, significant difference, by F test. For the characteristic plant cycle, the average value and progenies range were 137 days and 121 - 158 days, respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and selection gain presented the following values: 45,90 % e 1,09 %. For grain yield character, the average value and progenies range were 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g (49,40 kg ha-1, 5,20 - 123,70 kg ha-1) respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and expected selection gain, were higher than those ones found in literature, being compared with maize populations, for grain yield, with values of 90,70 % and 19,30 % respectively. The mass of 1000 seeds presented values for the average and progenies range of 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectively. The estimates of inheritability coefficients and selection gain showed the following values: 56,80 % e 4,80 % For the characteristic seed oil content, the average and progenies range were 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 % respectively...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Der Anbau und die Züchtung schnellwachsender Baumarten gewinnen aufgrund der stetig steigenden Nachfrage nach regenerativen Rohstoffen wieder zunehmend an Bedeutung. Pappeln in ihren unterschiedlichen Sektionen stellen eine Möglichkeit zur Erzeugung nachwachsender Dendromasse auf landwirtschaftlichen Standorten dar. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Wachstum von Pappeln der Sektion der Weiß- und Zitterpappeln (Populus) wachstumskundlich untersucht. Zur Sektion Populus gehören unter anderem die Europäische Aspe (Populus tremula L.), die Amerikanische Aspe (Populus tremuloides Michx.) sowie die Silber-Pappel (Populus alba L.). Die Wuchsüberlegenheit von Hybriden aus Europäischen und Amerikanischen Aspen ist seit langem bekannt. Im Zuge des vom Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft durch die Fachagentur für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe geförderten und in drei Phasen durchgeführten Projektes „FastWOOD“ wurde seit 2009 ein neues Programm zur Züchtung von Hybridaspen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde auf den Erkenntnissen früherer Züchtungsperioden aufgebaut. Zuchtbäume wurden zum Teil in bestehenden Klonarchiven ausgewählt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten schwerpunktmäßig Fragestellungen zur Schätzung der Biomasse, zur Schaftform, zur Rohdichte sowie zur Zuchteignung ausgewählter Elternbäume betrachtet werden. Von 50 ausgewählten Aspen-Nachkommenschaften auf vier Versuchsflächen in Brandenburg, Sachsen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Schleswig-Holstein wurden insgesamt 982 Bäume hinsichtlich ihrer oberirdischen Biomasse untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde bei 20 Bäumen die unterirdische Biomasse bestimmt. Die erhobenen Da-ten wurden dafür genutzt, nachkommenschaftsspezifische Standardbiomassefunktionen herzuleiten. Dazu wurde aufgrund der hohen Anpassungsgüte und des biologisch plausiblen Verlaufs eine allometrische Funktion verwendet. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde versucht, die Parameter a0 und a1 der Standardbiomassefunktion mittels einfacher Eingangsgrößen, wie der Bestandesmittelhöhe und der Stammzahl zu schätzen, um so den Vorrat einfach ermitteln zu können. Dies ist mit der vorhandenen Datenbasis jedoch nicht gelungen. Mögliche Ursachen dafür können in der geringen Anzahl unterschiedlicher Standorte und der geringen Altersspreite der aufgenommenen Bäume begründet sein. In diesem Bereich sind weitere Forschungsarbeiten notwendig. Zur Volumenermittlung am stehenden Stamm bei der Aspe wird derzeit die Schaftholzvolumenfunktion nach KNAPP (1973) verwendet. Auf Grundlage von 682 sekti-onsweise vermessenen Aspen im Alter zwischen 6 und 43 Jahren konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Schaftholzvolumenfunktion nach KNAPP (1973) das wahre Einzelbaumvolumen systematisch unterschätzt. Aus diesem Grund wurden mittels der erhobenen Daten zwei neue Schaftholzvolumenfunktionen abgeleitet. Eine für den d1,3-Bereich <7 cm, die andere für den d1,3-Bereich ≥7 und ≤ 36 cm. Die auf einer umfangreichen Versuchsdatenbasis aufbauenden und gut angepassten Volumenfunktionen erlauben den Zusammenhang zwischen Schaftholzvolumen, Höhe und d1,3 frei von systematischen Abweichungen zu modellieren. Die Rohdichte spielt sowohl bei der stofflichen, als auch bei der energetischen Holznutzung eine entscheidende Rolle. Nichts desto trotz spielten Rohdichteuntersuchungen als Prüfkriterium auf Nachkommenschaftsprüfungen bislang keine Rolle, da die Verfahren in der Regel aufwändig und destruktiv sind. Das seit den 1970er Jahren angewendete Pilodynverfahren nutzt die Eindringtiefe einer 2,5 mm dünnen Nadel zur Bestimmung der Holzdichte. Dichte und Eindringtiefe stehen in einem umgekehrt proportionalen Verhältnis. Das bedeutet, dass die Prüfnadel umso tiefer ins Holz eindringt, je geringer die Dichte ist. Anhand einer stereometrischen Holzdichtemessung nach den Vorgaben der DIN 52182 konnte eine Regressionsfunktion abgeleitet werden, anhand derer die erhobenen Pilodynwerte in Rohdichten umgerechnet werden können. Auf drei Versuchsflächen in Brandenburg, Sachsen und Schleswig-Holstein wurden Aspen hinsichtlich ihrer Holzdichte mit dem Pilodyn 6 J Forest (Proceq SA, Schwerzenbach, Schweiz) untersucht. Die Untersuchungen konnten zeigen, dass die Rohdichte sowohl genetisch als auch standörtlich beeinflusst wird. Hybridaspennachkommenschaften hatten in der Regel eine geringere Dichte. Gleiche Nachkommenschaften hatten bei besserem Standort zudem eine geringere Dichte als auf schlechteren Standorten. Da sich das Verfahren bewährt hat, sollte es zukünftig als zusätzliches Mittel genutzt werden, um züchtungsrelevante Holzmerkmale auf Versuchsflächen zu erheben. Auf Grundlage der ausgewerteten Daten sind acht Kreuzungsnachkommenschaften in die engere Auswahl gekommen. Zwei dieser Nachkommenschaften sind bereits als Vermehrungsgut zugelassen. Für die restlichen sechs Nachkommenschaften, allesamt Hybridaspen, konnte eine Zulassungsempfehlung ausgesprochen werden.:1. Einführung in den Problemkreis 2. Stand des Wissens 2.1 Die Gattung Populus 2.2 Vorkommen und Verbreitung der Pappeln der Sektion Populus 2.2.1 Europäische Aspe (Populus tremula L.) 2.2.2 Amerikanische Aspe (Populus tremuloides Michx.) 2.2.3 Silber-Pappel (Populus alba L.) 2.3 Standortsanforderungen 2.3.1 Europäische Aspe (Populus tremula L.) 2.3.2 Amerikanische Aspe (Populus tremuloides Michx.) 2.3.3 Silber-Pappel (Populus alba L.) 2.3.4 Hybridaspen 2.4 Holzeigenschaften der Aspe 2.5 Physikalische Kenngrößen 2.6 Verwendung des Aspenholzes 2.7 Geschichtliche Entwicklung des Aspenanbaus in Deutschland 2.8 Waldbauliche Behandlung 2.9 Anbau auf Kurzumtriebsflächen 2.10 Biotische und abiotische Risiken 2.11 Die Aspe im Klimawandel 2.12 Naturschutzfachliche Betrachtung 2.12.1 Ökologische Integration 2.12.2 Prädation und Herbivorie 2.12.3 Interspezifische Konkurrenz 2.12.4 Hybridisierung 2.12.5 Krankheits- und Organismenübertragung 2.12.6 Gefährdung der Biodiversität, Invasivität 2.12.7 Andere ökosystemare Auswirkungen 2.12.8 Möglichkeiten der Kontrolle 2.13 Wachstumskundliche Untersuchungen 2.13.1 Untersuchungen zur Massenleistung 2.13.2 Untersuchungen zur Form des Einzelbaums 2.13.3 Rohdichtebestimmung 3. Zielstellung der Arbeit 4. Material und Methoden 4.1 Flächenanlage und Versuchsdesign 4.2 Flächenvorbereitung und Pflegemaßnahmen 4.3 Standortcharakterisierung 4.4 Biomassefunktionen 4.5 Wurzelbiomassefunktion 4.6 Holzmesskundliche Untersuchungen am Einzelbaum 4.7 Rohdichtebestimmung mittels Pilodyn 4.8 Stereometrische Rohdichtebestimmung 4.9 Bestandesaufnahmen 4.9.1 Anwuchs- und Überlebensrate 4.9.2 Höhe 4.9.3 Durchmesser 4.9.4 Schaftform 4.9.5 Rostbonitur 4.10 Mathematisch-statistische Analyseverfahren 4.11 Berechnung von Selektionsindizes 5. Ergebnisse 5.1 Standardisierung von Biomassefunktionen 5.1.1 Eignung verschiedener Gleichungen zur Aufstellung von Biomassefunktionen 5.1.2 Lage und Form der Standardbiomassefunktion 5.1.3 Bestimmung der Parameter der Standard-Biomassefunktion 5.1.3.1 Beziehung zwischen der Mittelhöhe und den Parametern a0 bzw. a1 5.1.3.2 Beziehung zwischen der Stammzahl und den Parametern a0 bzw. a1 5.1.3.3 Zusammenhang zwischen den Parametern a0 und a1 5.2 Trockenmasseleistung ausgewählter Nachkommenschaften 5.3 Wurzelbiomassefunktion 5.4 Holzmesskundliche Untersuchungen 5.4.1 Volumenermittlung für die Probebäume 5.4.2 Übernahmeprüfung der Schaftholzvolumenfunktion nach KNAPP (1973) 5.4.3 Modellierung einer baumartenspezifischen Schaftholzvolumenfunktion für die Baumart Aspe 5.4.4 Schaftholzvolumentafel 5.4.5 Unechte Ausbauchungsreihe 5.4.6 Schaftholzformzahl 5.5 Rohdichte 5.5.1 Altlandsberg (AS 10/1) 5.5.2 Thammenhain (AS 10/2) 5.5.3 Trenthorst (Bio 11) 5.5.4 Auswertung der gemeinsamen Prüfglieder aller Flächen 5.6 Zusammenhang zwischen d1,3 und mittlerer Eindringtiefe 5.7 Beurteilung der Bestandesnachkommenschaften mit Hilfe eines Selektionsindex als Grundlage für weitere Züchtungsbemühungen und als Voraussetzung zur Herleitung von Zulassungsempfehlungen 6. Diskussion 6.1 Ermittlung eines Modells zur Schätzung der Parameter a0 und a1 der Standardbiomassefunktion für die Pappeln der Sektion Populus 6.2 Wachstum der Pappeln der Sektion Populus 6.3 Perspektiven der Aspenzüchtung 6.4 Förmigkeit 6.5 Rohdichtebestimmung mittels Pilodyn 6.6 Anbauempfehlung 6.7 Grenzen der Zuchtwertbestimmung 6.8 Zulassungsempfehlungen 7. Zusammenfassung 8. Summary 9. Literaturverzeichnis 10. Anlagen / The cultivation and breeding of fast-growing tree species are becoming increasingly important again due to the steadily rising demand for renewable raw materials. Poplars in their different sections represent a possibility for the production of renewable woody biomass on agricultural sites. In the context of the present work, the growth performance of poplars from the section of white and trembling poplars (Populus) was examined. The Populus section includes the European aspen (Populus tremula L.), the American aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and the white poplar (Populus alba L.). The growth superiority of hybrids from European and American aspen has been known for a long time. As part of the 'FastWOOD' project, funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture through the “Fachagentur für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe” and carried out in three phases, a new program for breeding hybrid aspens has been running since 2009. This was based on the findings of earlier breeding periods. Breeding trees were selected in part from existing clone archives. Within the framework of the present work, the focus is on questions relating to the estimation of biomass, the stem shape, the raw density and the suitability for breeding of selected parent trees. A total of 982 trees from 50 selected aspen progenies on four trial plots in Brandenburg, Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein were examined with regard to their above-ground biomass. Additionally, the below-ground biomass was determined for 20 trees. The collected data were used to derive progeny-specific standard biomass functions. For this purpose, an allometric function was used due to the closeness of fit and the biologically plausible course. On this basis, an attempt was made to estimate the parameters a0 and a1 of the standard biomass function using simple input variables such as the mean stand height and the number of trees in order to be able to easily determine the stand volume. However, this was not feasible with the existing database. Possible reasons may be the small number of different sites and the low age range of the trees recorded. Further research is needed in this field. The volume function according to KNAPP (1973) is currently used to determine the volume of stem wood for individual trees in field. On the basis of 682 section-wise measured aspens ranging from 6 and 43 years, it was determined that the volume function according to KNAPP (1973) systematically underestimates the actual individ-ual tree volume. Therefore, two new volume functions were derived using the data collected. One function for the d1.3 range <7cm, the other one for the range ≥7cm and ≤36cm. These volume functions enable modeling of the relationship between stem volume, height and d1.3 free of bias. The raw density plays a decisive role regarding the material use as well as the ener-getic use of wood. Nevertheless, raw density tests so far played no role as a test criterion for progeny tests, since the procedures are usually complex and destructive. The Pilodyn method, which has been developed in the 1970s, uses the penetration depth of a 2.5 mm needle to determine the wood density. Density and penetration depth are inversely proportional. This means the lower the density, the deeper the test needle penetrates the wood. Using the stereometric wood density measurement according to the specifications of DIN 52182, a regression function was derived, which can be used to convert the Pilodyn values into raw densities. Regarding their wood density Aspen was examined with the Pilodyn 6J Forest (Proceq SA, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) on three trial plots in Brandenburg, Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein. The investigations showed that the raw density is affected both by genetic and site factors. Hybrid aspen progeny generally had lower wood density. In addition, the same progeny had a lower density on better sites than on poor sites. Since the method has proven itself, it should be used in future as an additional means to identify breeding-relevant wood characteristics on trial plots. Based on the evaluated data, eight progenies were shortlisted. Two of these progenies have already been approved as propagation material. For the remaining six progenies, all hybrid aspen, an approval recommendation was made.:1. Einführung in den Problemkreis 2. Stand des Wissens 2.1 Die Gattung Populus 2.2 Vorkommen und Verbreitung der Pappeln der Sektion Populus 2.2.1 Europäische Aspe (Populus tremula L.) 2.2.2 Amerikanische Aspe (Populus tremuloides Michx.) 2.2.3 Silber-Pappel (Populus alba L.) 2.3 Standortsanforderungen 2.3.1 Europäische Aspe (Populus tremula L.) 2.3.2 Amerikanische Aspe (Populus tremuloides Michx.) 2.3.3 Silber-Pappel (Populus alba L.) 2.3.4 Hybridaspen 2.4 Holzeigenschaften der Aspe 2.5 Physikalische Kenngrößen 2.6 Verwendung des Aspenholzes 2.7 Geschichtliche Entwicklung des Aspenanbaus in Deutschland 2.8 Waldbauliche Behandlung 2.9 Anbau auf Kurzumtriebsflächen 2.10 Biotische und abiotische Risiken 2.11 Die Aspe im Klimawandel 2.12 Naturschutzfachliche Betrachtung 2.12.1 Ökologische Integration 2.12.2 Prädation und Herbivorie 2.12.3 Interspezifische Konkurrenz 2.12.4 Hybridisierung 2.12.5 Krankheits- und Organismenübertragung 2.12.6 Gefährdung der Biodiversität, Invasivität 2.12.7 Andere ökosystemare Auswirkungen 2.12.8 Möglichkeiten der Kontrolle 2.13 Wachstumskundliche Untersuchungen 2.13.1 Untersuchungen zur Massenleistung 2.13.2 Untersuchungen zur Form des Einzelbaums 2.13.3 Rohdichtebestimmung 3. Zielstellung der Arbeit 4. Material und Methoden 4.1 Flächenanlage und Versuchsdesign 4.2 Flächenvorbereitung und Pflegemaßnahmen 4.3 Standortcharakterisierung 4.4 Biomassefunktionen 4.5 Wurzelbiomassefunktion 4.6 Holzmesskundliche Untersuchungen am Einzelbaum 4.7 Rohdichtebestimmung mittels Pilodyn 4.8 Stereometrische Rohdichtebestimmung 4.9 Bestandesaufnahmen 4.9.1 Anwuchs- und Überlebensrate 4.9.2 Höhe 4.9.3 Durchmesser 4.9.4 Schaftform 4.9.5 Rostbonitur 4.10 Mathematisch-statistische Analyseverfahren 4.11 Berechnung von Selektionsindizes 5. Ergebnisse 5.1 Standardisierung von Biomassefunktionen 5.1.1 Eignung verschiedener Gleichungen zur Aufstellung von Biomassefunktionen 5.1.2 Lage und Form der Standardbiomassefunktion 5.1.3 Bestimmung der Parameter der Standard-Biomassefunktion 5.1.3.1 Beziehung zwischen der Mittelhöhe und den Parametern a0 bzw. a1 5.1.3.2 Beziehung zwischen der Stammzahl und den Parametern a0 bzw. a1 5.1.3.3 Zusammenhang zwischen den Parametern a0 und a1 5.2 Trockenmasseleistung ausgewählter Nachkommenschaften 5.3 Wurzelbiomassefunktion 5.4 Holzmesskundliche Untersuchungen 5.4.1 Volumenermittlung für die Probebäume 5.4.2 Übernahmeprüfung der Schaftholzvolumenfunktion nach KNAPP (1973) 5.4.3 Modellierung einer baumartenspezifischen Schaftholzvolumenfunktion für die Baumart Aspe 5.4.4 Schaftholzvolumentafel 5.4.5 Unechte Ausbauchungsreihe 5.4.6 Schaftholzformzahl 5.5 Rohdichte 5.5.1 Altlandsberg (AS 10/1) 5.5.2 Thammenhain (AS 10/2) 5.5.3 Trenthorst (Bio 11) 5.5.4 Auswertung der gemeinsamen Prüfglieder aller Flächen 5.6 Zusammenhang zwischen d1,3 und mittlerer Eindringtiefe 5.7 Beurteilung der Bestandesnachkommenschaften mit Hilfe eines Selektionsindex als Grundlage für weitere Züchtungsbemühungen und als Voraussetzung zur Herleitung von Zulassungsempfehlungen 6. Diskussion 6.1 Ermittlung eines Modells zur Schätzung der Parameter a0 und a1 der Standardbiomassefunktion für die Pappeln der Sektion Populus 6.2 Wachstum der Pappeln der Sektion Populus 6.3 Perspektiven der Aspenzüchtung 6.4 Förmigkeit 6.5 Rohdichtebestimmung mittels Pilodyn 6.6 Anbauempfehlung 6.7 Grenzen der Zuchtwertbestimmung 6.8 Zulassungsempfehlungen 7. Zusammenfassung 8. Summary 9. Literaturverzeichnis 10. Anlagen