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41	Ecology and Control of Triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Vectors of Chagas Disease in Guatemala, Central America Monroy, Maria Carlota January 2003 (has links) This thesis analyses several factors affecting the control of triatomines in Guatemala. There are three synantropic triatomines in Guatemala, i.e., Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma dimidiata and T. nitida. Their distibution is mainly at an altitude between 800 and 1500 m a.s.l. R. prolixus and T. nitida have localized but scaterred distibution while T. dimidiata is present in 21 of the 22 departments in the country. Several investigations have shown that R. prolixus could be relatively easily eradicated while T. dimidiata may be more difficult to control, since it is present in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments showing high diversity and a variety of epidemiological characteristics. Based on the incidence of Trypanosma cruzi infection in humans in the distributional areas of the triatomines, R. prolixus appear to be a more competent vector than T. dimidiata. This is despite the fact that these vectors have similar infection rates. Inside houses, R. prolixus and T. dimidiata and in artificial environments, T. ryckmani and T. dimidiata, preferred the northern side of the walls. Therefore, selective application of insecticides should focus on walls and furniture located in the northern part of the house. House improvements reduced the infestation of triatomines, and could be used as a complement to insecticidal spraying. Although T. dimidiata is not an efficient vector its wide distribution, versatility in occupying different habitats and capacity to disperse render this species difficult to control in Central America. Thus, only few months after insecticidal spraying T. dimidiata had reinfested the domestic environments. Morphometic methodology and genetic markers have been developed to differentiate within-species populations of T. dimidiata and T. nitida. Studies on the migration patterns of sylvatic T. dimidiata and T. ryckmani have been performed in order to clarify the colonization patterns. The adults migrate, in particular, in the dry part of the year. This finding may be of help in attempts to control T. dimidiata. Biology Chagas disease control epidemiology ecology Triatoma dimidiata T. nitida T. ryckmani Rhodnius prolixus serology populations movements geographic distribution. Biologi Biology Biologi
42	Stress thermique et thermorégulation chez lez insectes hématophages / Thermal stress and thermoregulation in haematophagous insects Lahondère, Chloé 23 November 2012 (has links) Les insectes sont soumis aux fluctuations thermiques de leur environnement mais disposent d’un panel varié de réponses comportementales, physiologiques et biochimiques pour en minimiser les effets délétères et maintenir leur intégrité physiologique. Ainsi certaines espèces régulent activement leur température interne indépendamment de la température de l’environnement. Si ces insectes peuvent s’affranchir des contraintes thermiques imposées par leur environnement, ceux qui se nourrissent du sang chaud d’hôtes vertébrés endothermes n’ont pas d’autres choix que de se confronter à une situation de stress thermique à chaque prise alimentaire. Le principal objectif de ce travail de thèse est de comprendre comment des insectes hématophages, employant des stratégies alimentaires différentes, gèrent le stress thermique associé au flux massif de chaleur engendré par l’ingestion du repas de sang. Nos résultats montrent que ces insectes ont su s’adapter en développant différentes stratégies de thermorégulation. / Insects are submitted to thermal fluctuations of their environment and have developed a wide ranged panel of behavioral, physiological and biochemical responses, to minimize the subsequent deleterious effects and maintain their physiological integrity. Some species actively regulate their internal temperature independently of the temperature of the environment. If these insects can overcome the constraints imposed by their thermal environment, those that feed on warm-blooded vertebrate hosts have no choice but to confront a situation of thermal stress at each feeding event. The main objective of this work is to understand how bloodsucking insects manage heat stress associated with the massive flow of heat generated by the ingestion of the blood meal. Our results show these insects have developed different strategies of thermoregulation to protect themselves from overheating. Thermorégulation Stress thermique Effets de la température Insectes hématophages Vecteurs de maladie Rhodnius prolixus Aedes aegypti Anopheles stephensi Glossina morsitans morsitans Physiologie Thermographie Hétérothermie Evaporative cooling Alimentation artificielle Thermoregulation processes Thermal stress Temperature effect Haematophagous insects Disease vectors Rhodnius prolixus Anopheles stephensi Aedes aegypti Glossina morsitans morsitans Physiology Thermography Heterothermy Evaporative cooling Artificial feeding

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Ecology and Control of Triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Vectors of Chagas Disease in Guatemala, Central America

Stress thermique et thermorégulation chez lez insectes hématophages / Thermal stress and thermoregulation in haematophagous insects