The usual theoretical assumption that the retailer's promotional activities serve the purpose of attracting customers into stores lacks empirical verification. The relationship between promotional activity and customer count is examined empirically in just a few studies, and no significantly positive association is found. This dissertation is a comprehensive empirical study of a unique time series cross section dataset, which contains scanner data representing 28 product categories in a large supermarket chain over two and a half year long period. The main result of this dissertation is that retailer's promotional activities are positively related to customer count. Two constructed measures of the promotional activity have a positive significant effect on store traffic that is comparable with the customer count effect of an average holiday. Some 55 percent of the positive long-run promotional activity effect is felt immediately, and the remaining 45 percent is spread over a five week long period. The promotions have prolonged effects that last until the next promotional peak -€“ the next holiday. It is also found that promotional discounts have positive and significant effect on store profit.

Everyday and in all facets of industry some people are motivated to seek promotion. The reasons behind this motivation to succeed are vague and very little information exists to explain why people seek promotion. It was on this basis that this study was undertaken; to add to knowledge of what motivates people to seek promotion. The common thought or belief is that people seek promotion so as to earn more and to increase their living standards and to be financially “better off” than their current circumstances. However, this study has shown that not to be the case. People are not only driven by financial gains but instead have a deeper desire to succeed. A probability sample of 123 was drawn from people who work within industry and hold various positions from senior management to those at the bottom of the organisational hierarchy. The sample was made up of 43.9% in management, 29.27% in administrative positions, and 26.83% working within the factory environment. The gender making up this sample was 21.95% female and 78.05% male. The majority of the data collected was through an online survey web page and the balance through respondents completing a paper based questionnaire. Statistical analysis software called SPSS was used to subject the data collected to statistical scrutiny. The salient feature of this study is that people displayed high levels of confidence in either being a manager or belief that they would do well as a manager. The study also shows that people are not motivated through financial rewards as a precursor for promotion, but instead seek promotion to better their non-financial lives. Personal satisfaction, job satisfaction and the desire for a challenge are the main factors for promotional desires. This dissertation has added to knowledge of what motivates people to seek promotion. The information can be used by organisations to assess their staff for promotional abilities and gives a broader understanding of why their people seek promotion. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2009.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Dissertation Committee: Hollis L. Caswell, Stephen M. Corey, Helen Walker. Type C project. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-143).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Sammanfattning Titel: Vad skiljer sig i uppfattningen gällande gift promotions mellan män och kvinnor?- En studie kring likheter och skillnader mellan könen Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Florence Aarskog och Ylva Österberg Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2022-juni Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vad det finns för likheter och skillnader gällande uppfattningen av gift promotions mellan män och kvinnor. Studien förväntas svara på vad för orsaker som kan ligga till grund för dessa uppfattningar och hur dessa kan skilja sig åt.  Metod: Arbetet är ett resultat av en kvalitativ studie genomförd på män och kvinnor i åldrarna 20–30 år. Det empiriska materialet ligger som grund för arbetet och har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer där respondenterna har fått sätta sig in i verklighetsinspirerade scenarion genom så kallade vinjettexperiment. Det empiriska materialet har därefter bearbetats för att kunna urskilja likheter och skillnader mellan männen och kvinnorna gällande uppfattning av gift promotions. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar på att kvinnor i allmänhet reagerar positivare än män på gift promotions. Detta har visats genom att kvinnor gärna uppfyller sina behov på längre sikt, genom gåvor som kan användas i framtiden, medan männen har visat på att enbart vilja uppfylla sina behov på kort sikt. Båda könen har visat på att det måste finnas ett värde för dem själva gällande gåvan de ska få med, vilket kvinnor ser i större utsträckning än män. Det har även visat sig att båda könen vill se en relevans mellan produkten i fråga och den medföljande gåvan. Examensarbetets bidrag: Arbetet har bidragit till det företagsekonomiska forskningsfältet genom att bidra med information om hur män och kvinnor ser på gift promotions. Detta kan ligga till grund för marknadsförare vid utformandet av erbjudanden och kampanjer. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: I denna studie så har fokus legat på likheter och skillnader gällande gift promotions mellan män och kvinnor i åldrarna 20–30 år. För vidare forskning finns intresse av att undersöka denna fråga bland andra åldersgrupper, samt att titta på hur uppfattningen ser ut gällande gift promotions bland tjänster, då denna studie enbart berört produkter. Utöver detta finns det även intresse för att titta på skillnader i uppfattningen av gift promotions vid köp på internet kontra i fysisk butik. Nyckelord: Gift promotions, sales promotions, gift promotion-perception, marketing-gender differences, marketing-perception. / Abstract Title: What differences are there regarding the perception of gift promotions between men and women? – A study about similarities and differences between the genders Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Florence Aarskog och Ylva Österberg Supervisor: Lars-Johan Åge Date: 2022-june Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine what similarities and differences might exist between men and women regarding their perceptions of gift promotions. The study is expected to give answers to what is laying behind these perceptions and how these can differ.  Method: This work is the result of a qualitative study implemented on men and women between the ages of 20-30 years old. The empirical material makes up the base of the work and is collected through semi structured interviews where the respondents have been requested to picture themselves in different scenarios inspired by everyday life. This is with other words also called a vignette experiment. The empirical material has then been processed to identify the similarities and differences of the two genders perceptions of gift promotions. Results and conclusions: The results of this study show that women in general have a more positive attitude towards gift promotions compared to men. This can be seen from the fact that it is more important for women to fulfill long term needs which some gifts can enable. It is also shown that men on the other side are more interested in fulfilling their short-term needs. Both genders find it important that the promoted gift must have value for themselves which women find to a greater extent than men. Another finding of this study is the importance of a good fit between gift and product which is something both genders agree on. Contribution of the thesis: This work has contributed to the business administration research field by collecting information about how men and women perceive gift promotions. This information can be used by marketers designing their promotion dealsand campaigns. Suggestions for future research: The focus of this study has been on the similarities and differences between men and women within the age gap 20-30 years old. For future research there is an interest to discover what other age groups would have to say, what the perceptions of gift promotions would look like when it comes to services instead of products and finally to compare perceptions of gift promotions online to the ones in physical stores. Key words: Gift promotions, sales promotions, gift promotion-perception, marketing-gender differences, marketing-perception

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This study analyzes the factors that influence promotion from assistant principal to principal and examines experiences that principals new to their position considered helpful to them from their assistant principalship. The participants in the study were new secondary principals in Virginia in 1992-93. A review of the literature revealed a need to examine promotion factors that are pivotal in selecting one principal candidate over another. The study method consisted of the development of a survey instrument based on the information found through the literature review, principal center criteria and results of an earlier independent study by the researcher questioning administrators regarding their work. The data collected by the survey was analyzed using descriptive statistical procedures. / Ed. D.

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This thesis seeks an explanation for the existence of corporate "fast tracks". Part One surveys four existing fast track models from the literature. In tournament theory, fast tracks have been viewed as a response to the adverse selection problem. In models where the firm uses junior positions for on-the-job screening, they may be a possibility permitted by a particular technology. Alternatively, they may arise from the signalling engaged in by workers when there is asymmetric information. Finally, they can be used as a way of overcoming a lack of precise information on worker ability. / In the second part of the thesis an alternative explanation is proposed. A firm is considered to consist of two levels: production workers and managerial workers. If a worker is an able manager, the firm will lose valuable production time by slow promotion. However, slower promotion allows more information to be revealed for a given expenditure. Different track lengths are created depending on the firm's initial assessment of managerial competence.