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1	Effect of spray droplet size on pronamide control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and the role of absorption and translocation in the mechanism of pronamide resistance Ignes, Martin 09 December 2022 (has links) (PDF) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in turfgrass that has evolved resistance to twelve different herbicide sites of action. The mitotic-inhibiting herbicide pronamide has both pre- and post-emergence activity on susceptible annual bluegrass populations. Still, post-emergence activity may be compromised in some resistant populations due to the lack of root uptake or an unknown foliar resistance mechanism. Spray droplet size may affect foliar and soil deposition of pronamide, thus potentially explaining variation in population control or differential foliar and root uptake. Pronamide, flazasulfuron, and pronamide + flazasulfuron deposition were quantified on annual bluegrass as affected by spray-droplet size. The efficacy of these herbicide treatments in resistant (R) and susceptible (S) annual bluegrass populations was then evaluated with two droplet sizes (400 and 1000 μm). Absorption and translocation of pronamide were investigated in R and S populations following foliar-only and soil-only pronamide applications. pronamide poa annua annual bluegrass droplet size herbicide resistance
2	Pesticide Exposure Studies: Direct and Indirect Detection of Absorption of 2,4-D and Pronamide Herbicides in the Guinea Pig and Occupationally Exposed Workers Al-Jabery, Ibrahim A.R. 01 May 1980 (has links) A simple high pressure liquid chromatography procedure was used to determine 2,4-D and pronamide exposure in spraymen and their dermal absorption and excretion in guinea pigs. Results of dermal application of these herbicides to guinea pigs demonstrated a strong correlation between the applied dermal dose and the urinary residue excretion over the dosage range tested. As the dosage was increased, the urinary excretion of residues was also increased. However, the excretion of 2,4-D amine mixture following dermal treatment of guinea pigs was prolonged as compared to that of pronamide. Residue levels of these compounds were also determined to estimate skin contamination after sampling by filter pads attached to the clothing and arms of agricultural spraymen. Residues in the workers' urine before and after exposure were also determined. Average exposure values of 44.93 mg/hr/man for 2,40D and 0.83 mg/hr/man for pronamide were extrapolated from residue values obtained from analyzing the pads. Little correlation was found between the measured residues from exposed subjects and residues quantified in their urine samples. pesticide exposure studies direct indicrect detection absorption 2 4-D pronamide herbicide guinea pig occupationally exposed workers Toxicology

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Effect of spray droplet size on pronamide control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and the role of absorption and translocation in the mechanism of pronamide resistance

Pesticide Exposure Studies: Direct and Indirect Detection of Absorption of 2,4-D and Pronamide Herbicides in the Guinea Pig and Occupationally Exposed Workers