A simple high pressure liquid chromatography procedure was used to determine 2,4-D and pronamide exposure in spraymen and their dermal absorption and excretion in guinea pigs. Results of dermal application of these herbicides to guinea pigs demonstrated a strong correlation between the applied dermal dose and the urinary residue excretion over the dosage range tested. As the dosage was increased, the urinary excretion of residues was also increased. However, the excretion of 2,4-D amine mixture following dermal treatment of guinea pigs was prolonged as compared to that of pronamide. Residue levels of these compounds were also determined to estimate skin contamination after sampling by filter pads attached to the clothing and arms of agricultural spraymen. Residues in the workers' urine before and after exposure were also determined. Average exposure values of 44.93 mg/hr/man for 2,40D and 0.83 mg/hr/man for pronamide were extrapolated from residue values obtained from analyzing the pads. Little correlation was found between the measured residues from exposed subjects and residues quantified in their urine samples.

[pt] Esta dissertação aborda a aplicação da legislação às instalações de radioterapia visando à proteção no ambiente ocupacional. O estudo de caso foi realizado no INCA, na unidade HC 1, um hospital público vinculado ao SUS, situado no Rio de Janeiro. Ao menos 52% dos casos de câncer são tratados através de técnicas medicinais que envolvem a radiação ionizante. Estas técnicas são aplicadas através dos equipamentos de telecobaltoterapia, aceleradores lineares de partículas ou ainda, através de aplicações de radiofármacos diretamente nos pacientes. A radiação possui particularidades físicas que, apesar de suas vantagens como tratamentos, em doses elevadas, são nocivas e podem causar sérios danos ao organismo. A radiação ionizante recebida é cumulativa e, ao longo do tempo, os danos eventualmente provocados são severos. Durante os tratamentos na radioterapia é imprescindível manter condições seguras quanto às blindagens, inclusão de equipamentos de proteção, treinamentos e supervisão constante para que os profissionais que atuam nestas áreas não sofram exposição excessiva. Ao longo das últimas décadas foram elaboradas legislações e normas de segurança que visam proteger a saúde dos indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos que operam diretamente com a radioatividade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar as principais legislações relacionadas à saúde e segurança no meio ambiente ocupacional que visam à radioproteção para os IOE no setor de radioterapia do INCA. Verificou-se que as medidas de segurança adotadas pela Instituição são as previstas na legislação tornando possível manter o atendimento aos pacientes e garantira segurança dos profissionais envolvidos, dos usuários e do meio ambiente de modo geral. / [en] The study addresses at relevant laws that guide and regulate the use of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy services inside a public hospital (INCA - National Cancer Institute, HC 1), situated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radioactivity is a phenomenon of natural origin easily found in the environment or artificially generated. It has beneficial applications being applied in agriculture, energy production, industry and medicine in health treatments. It brings harmful effects when used inappropriately, as it has physical peculiarities that, despite of advantages, in high-level doses can cause severe damage to the body (PERUZZO, 2012). During radiotherapy treatments, it is essential to maintain safe shielding conditions, including protective equipment and constant supervision so that professionals working in these areas do not suffer excessive exposure. Radiotherapy assists in the treatment of diseases using diagnostic and therapy techniques employing radioactive substances such as Cesium, Cobalt, Iodine, Technetium among others. These substances are present in radiopharmaceuticals, applied directly to patients through brachytherapy techniques or into the capsules installed in the pieces of equipment used in teletherapy. Currently, regulation of activities involving radioprotection and nuclear safety in Brazil is under the responsibility of the CNEN (National Nuclear Energy Commission), an autarchy of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations. It is a government agency responsible for licensing and controlling all practices involving ionizing radiation.