Iron has been an essential element to human development and iron-oxide deposits are known to host minerals that are labelled as critical raw materials (CRMs), especially in the EU. Therefore, ensuring a sustainable supply of CRMs require access to both primary and secondary sources of their host deposits such as iron oxides. Blötberget is an old mining site in central Sweden rich in both primary and secondary iron-oxide resources (i.e. tailings) from centuries-long mining activities. Thus, this thesis focused on this site, to (1) improve the image of its iron-oxide mineralisation under the historical tailings area through the extraction and processing of 2D data from a wider and sparse 3D dataset, (2) characterise the tailings in terms of geometry delineation and geomechanical property estimation by generating P-wave velocity models of the tailings, and (3) improve the interpretation of existing results in the area through 3D visualisations and comparison. Results from this thesis work suggest possible depth and lateral extensions of the mineralisation for few hundreds of metres beyond what was known previously in the area. It is believed that about 10 Mt of primary iron-oxide resources could arguably be present under the tailing area while the tailings contain an estimated 1 Mt of secondary iron-oxide resources. Also, this thesis work findings indicate that the historical tailings are approximately 10 -12 m thick, 650 m long, and 300 m wide, and has a Vp/Vs ratio between approximately 3-4, indicating a poor geomechanical strength. Additionally, the depth to bedrock in this area was estimated to be 50 m at its deepest parts, with a morphology indicative of complex geological occurrence. Therefore, it is concluded, based on these results, that Blötberget has a good potential to ensure the supply of both iron ore and its constituent CRMs. / Järn har varit ett viktigt grundämne för mänsklig utveckling och järnoxidavlagringar är kända för att innehålla mineral som är märkta som kritiska råmaterial (KRM), särskilt inom EU. Därför kräver säkerställandet av en hållbar tillgång till KRM tillgång till både primära och sekundära källor till deras värdfyndigheter, till exempel järnoxid. Blötberget är en gammal gruvplats i mellersta Sverige som är rik på både primära och sekundära järnoxidresurser (dvs. gruvavfall) från en lång gruvverksamhet. Således fokuserade denna avhandling att (1) förbättra karaktäriseringen av järnoxidmineralisering i det historiska gruvområdet genom utvinning och bearbetning av 2D-data från ett glest 3D-dataset, (2) karakterisering av gruvavfall för avgränsning av geometri och uppskattning av geomekaniska egenskaper genom att generera P-vågshastighetsmodeller för gruvavfallsområdet, och (3) förbättra tolkningen av befintliga resultat i området genom 3D-visualiseringar. Resultat från denna avhandling tyder på möjliga djup och laterala förlängningar av mineraliseringen om några hundratals meter bortom vad som tidigare var känt i området. Det antas att cirka 10 Mt primära järnoxidresurser finnas under avfallssområdet medan gruvavfallet innehåller uppskattningsvis 1 Mt sekundära järnoxidresurser. Dessutom visar denna avhandling att det historiska gruvavfallet är cirka 10-12 m tjockt, 650 m långt och 300 m brett och har ett Vp/Vs -förhållande mellan cirka 3-4, vilket indikerar en låg geomekanisk hållfasthet. Dessutom beräknades djupet till berggrunden i detta område vara 50 m vid dess djupaste delar, med en morfologi som indikerar komplex geologisk förekomst. Därför dras slutsatsen, baserat på dessa resultat, att Blötberget har en god potential att säkerställa leveransen av både järnmalm och dess ingående KRM

<p>This paper deals with archaeological prospecting for the purpose of finding a prehistoric settlement in Alsike hage, Alsike parish, Uppland. The methods being used are soil phosphate analysis, electromagnetic survey and settlement analysis. Two 20x20 meters areas have been prospected. As Alsike hage contains several late Iron Age burial fields, large splendid zones for settlement location, closeness to water as well as farmland there was a hope of locating remains of prehistoric settlement in the area. None of the prospected areas showed any distinct evidence of settlement remains. Still, the results showed anomalies in both areas, both in the electromagnetic survey as in the phosphate analysis. Therefore, the possibility of finding such remains in the two prospected areas cannot be ruled out.</p>

This paper deals with archaeological prospecting for the purpose of finding a prehistoric settlement in Alsike hage, Alsike parish, Uppland. The methods being used are soil phosphate analysis, electromagnetic survey and settlement analysis. Two 20x20 meters areas have been prospected. As Alsike hage contains several late Iron Age burial fields, large splendid zones for settlement location, closeness to water as well as farmland there was a hope of locating remains of prehistoric settlement in the area. None of the prospected areas showed any distinct evidence of settlement remains. Still, the results showed anomalies in both areas, both in the electromagnetic survey as in the phosphate analysis. Therefore, the possibility of finding such remains in the two prospected areas cannot be ruled out.

In today’s archaeology there’s a growing need for non-invasive prospection methods. However there’s a methodological gap and what’s missing is a method for locating human bones. In this study a specially trained German shepherd is put through scientific tests determining how good the dog is at telling the different between the scent of human and animal bones. The dog is also tested in an outdoor environment to simulate an actual archaeological site. The tests in this study show that the dog can distinguish between the smell of human and animal bones with an accuracy of 94,2 % and that he can detect human bones in the field. Further tests need to be conducted to calibrate the method.

<p>This paper deals with archaeological prospection of an Iron Age farm site in Toland, Fresta parish, Uppland County in Sweden. The purpose of the paper has been to see whether the geophysical methods applied (GPR & EM-38) could produce useful results that could motivate its use in similar surveys in the future. Geochemistry has been used for the purpose of identifying possible activity areas on the site. The results have shown that it is possible with a GPR survey to identify postholes originating from the Migration Period longhouse at the site. The combining of several methods have been important for the identification and interpretation of several areas of interest.</p>

This paper deals with archaeological prospection of an Iron Age farm site in Toland, Fresta parish, Uppland County in Sweden. The purpose of the paper has been to see whether the geophysical methods applied (GPR &amp; EM-38) could produce useful results that could motivate its use in similar surveys in the future. Geochemistry has been used for the purpose of identifying possible activity areas on the site. The results have shown that it is possible with a GPR survey to identify postholes originating from the Migration Period longhouse at the site. The combining of several methods have been important for the identification and interpretation of several areas of interest.