The diploma thesis is focused on determination of perception of the nuclear power station Temelín as a potential source of a threat perceived by the population living in the area of emergency planning, and determination of perception of possible sources of threat to selected subjects, such as swimming pool, winter stadium, breweries, freezing plant, etc. located in the area of the town České Budějovice. The aim of the diploma thesis is also to find out and compare the level of the current state of awareness and preparedness of the population living in the area of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín informed in particular by guides and calendars published by the authorization holder, and of the population living in the area of the town České Budějovice for the eventuality of emergence of an extraordinary event. The hypothesis of the diploma thesis assumed that awareness and preparedness of the population living in the area of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín should be on higher level in comparison with the population living in the area of the town České Budějovice. It is evident from the results of the questionnaire enquiry that awareness of the population living in both these areas is approximately on the same level, and thus the hypothesis of the diploma thesis was not confirmed. The proposal for improving awareness and preparedness of the population will help to explain the issue given to the population, and results and conclusions will be provided to the Department of Crisis Management of the South Bohemian Regional Authority.

The primary objective of this thesis was to achieve comparison of knowledge of nuclear physics for population protection between general and professional public. This idea is based on the assumption of the possible existence of extraordinary events with occurring ionizing radiation and for this reason it is necessary to train specialists for the eventuality of these cases. These professionals should have wider knowledge of nuclear physics than general lay population. This issue has not been examined with lay and professional public yet, as well as there has been no comparison of the two listed groups. Another objective of this thesis was to structure the basics of nuclear physics for workers in civil protection training. For this purpose, the author of this work created a model of nuclear physics, reflecting the basic knowledge of nuclear physics, based on the analysis of the curricula for the IRS. The author explored the forms of studies of university program for the public protection, of members of the Fire and Rescue Service, of university study program for paramedics, of staff of the Anti-organised crime department of Police of the Czech Republic and of the Customs Administration. The analysis showed the widest expected range of knowledge at the technicians of the Chemical Service of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech republic (the chemist), who are professionally trained in the handling of hazardous substances and ionizing radiation sources. These members have become the monitored representatives for the professional community in the survey of this thesis. Lay general public was represented by people from the social circle of the author of this work, i.e. they were an unrepresentative sample of the general public. The theory of physics curricular process was also used, the application of which served to create an alternative test from nuclear physics, which was presented to the respondents. The questionnaires were filled in by 52 technicians of the Chemical Service of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech republic from different parts of the country and by 50 people of the lay public. It should be noted that the questionnaire was created considering the training of the technicians of the Chemical Service, in which nuclear physics has only a supporting role. One of the objectives of the thesis also included the subsequent statistical evaluation of the applied tests of the knowledge of nuclear physics. For validating mainly the non-parametric and parametric hypotheses tests were used. For the theoretical division of knowledge among professionals the existence of the Poisson distribution (the distribution of "rare" cases) was assumed and the theoretical division of investigating the general public should be close to a normal distribution. Also the difference between the knowledge of laymen and experts was investigated. To meet the defined objectives of this work three hypotheses were set, for their verification the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics were used. Hypotheses were set as follows: H1. Theoretical distribution of knowledge among the general public will be close to normal distribution. H2. Theoretical distribution of knowledge among professionals will not have a normal distribution. H3. Comparison of knowledge in both groups by using the parametric tests will lead to the adoption of alternative hypothesis. All three defined hypotheses were verified via statistical survey and accepted positively. The test, however, does not show the ability or inability of the tested experts to carry out practical tasks associated with their profession. This thesis only aimed to discover theoretical knowledge of nuclear physics, which is based on the theoretical assumption that specialists dealing with adverse events with occurring ionizing radiation pass through a variety of specialized courses that include introduction to the theory of nuclear physics.

The theoretical part of the thesis explains several terms from the area of civil protection, such as civil protection, international humanitarian law, extraordinary and crisis event, and describes the historical development of civil protection in an international environment and in the territory of today's Czech Republic. The thesis also characterizes international institutions while addressing some of them, namely ICRC, UN, NATO and EU, in more detail. It describes the history, characteristics and organization structure of international institutions, as well as involvement of the North Atlantic Alliance and European Union in civil emergency planning. In terms of the Czech Republic, the thesis examines particularly how the population protection is organized in its territory. Last but not least, the thesis specifies international rules of law connected with civil protection, rules of law of the NATO addressing civil protection, rules of law of the EU addressing civil protection and Czech rules of law addressing population protection. The objective of thesis is to compare and evaluate fulfilment of tasks of the Czech and international legislation in the area of civil protection. The thesis will also serve as a study material for students of the branches "Civil Emergency Preparedness" and "Population Protection with Specialization in CBRNE" and as a supporting material for the regional authority and the authorities of municipalities with extended competence. The first section of the research part of the diploma thesis examines selected rules of law of civil protection of the Czech Republic , NATO and EU and, last but not least, Geneva Conventions. In 2013 the new Population Protection Policy for the period until 2020 with an outlook until 2030 entered into effect in the Czech Republic, based on which six areas of population protection were created. A new document of civil emergency planning of NATO is the 2014-2017 Political Guidance of CEP. Decision No. 1313/2013/EU on a Union Civil Protection Mechanism has been used as the principal document for civil protection within the EU since 1. 1. 2014. These three rules of law are the main documents used for the comparison and evaluation of fulfilment of tasks of the Czech and international legislation in this thesis and are examined in more detailed. The last of the documents mentioned in this part of the thesis are the Geneva Conventions, and the thesis examines particularly their embodiment in the Czech legal regulation. At the end of this part there is a summary table that matches Czech rules of law to international rules of law in individual areas. The rules of law of the EU and NATO constitute a superstructure above the rules of law of their Member States and cannot be directly compared; however, it is possible to determine whether the Czech rules of law comply with them. The Geneva Conventions have been embodied in the legal order of the Czech Republic, and other provisions thereof have been implemented through other Acts. As far as NATO is concerned, cooperation takes place particularly between organizations in individual cases. Cooperation and coordination between EU and Member States do not interfere in the primary responsibility for the protection of population, environment, property and cultural heritage of the Member States within their own territories. The Decision on the Mechanism also does not concern mutual rights and obligations of Member States that are embodied in bilateral or multilateral treaties in the area of civil protection. At the conclusion, the thesis proposes certain changes and amendments to the Czech rules of law, which could improve civil protection in the territory of the Czech Republic and facilitate interconnection with the international environment, which has not been working yet as it is supposed to since the new Population Protection Policy has not been in full compliance with the international rules of law.

In my diploma thesis, I focused on the issues related to preparedness in the field of fire protection and the protection of the population in newly established municipalities with extended powers. Within the survey, I sent out 205 questionnaires to the municipalities with extended powers throughout the Czech Republic. In correspondence with the representatives of municipalities with extended powers, I noticed in their responses more than apparent differences, especially in open questions.