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The genesis and development of modern African literature in indigenous languages in South Africa cannot be satisfactorily handled without linking them to the historical, social and political developments in South Africa. The first literary works to be published in South Africa in indigenous languclges were the products of western imperialist agents, the missionaries especially. This literature was later exposed to further ideologies when the government took control of education for Af~cans. The intensification of th€ liberation struggle from mid 20th century saw literature becoming another area of resistance politics in South Africa. African writers began to write in English. The birth of the Black Consciousness Muvement in the late sixties gave further impetus to this development with the emergence of black protest literature. This study seeks to investigate thes. developments in both African literature and black protest literature by employing a materialist analysis, specifically focusing on ideology as a material condition. / Afrikaans & Theory of literature / (M.A. (Theory of Literature ))

The genesis and development of modern African literature in indigenous languages in South Africa cannot be satisfactorily handled without linking them to the historical, social and political developments in South Africa. The first literary works to be published in South Africa in indigenous languclges were the products of western imperialist agents, the missionaries especially. This literature was later exposed to further ideologies when the government took control of education for Af~cans. The intensification of th€ liberation struggle from mid 20th century saw literature becoming another area of resistance politics in South Africa. African writers began to write in English. The birth of the Black Consciousness Muvement in the late sixties gave further impetus to this development with the emergence of black protest literature. This study seeks to investigate thes. developments in both African literature and black protest literature by employing a materialist analysis, specifically focusing on ideology as a material condition. / Afrikaans and Theory of literature / (M.A. (Theory of Literature ))

Thesis (M.A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / This dissertation examines elements of protest in four of Zakes Mda’s novels, namely, Ways of Dying (1995a), She Plays with the Darkness (1995b), The Heart of Redness (2000), and The Madonna of Excelsior (2002). The elements of protest that are identified and investigated in this study are abuse, betrayal, discrimination, and violence. This study also shows that these elements of protest that are investigated are a result of a lack of integrity and social accountability on the part of government, the civil service, and individuals themselves. In addition, this dissertation reveals the extent to which social injustices negatively influence the thinking and behaviour of the general South African society and thwart the aspirations of ordinary people. Finally, suggestions to curb abuse, betrayal, and discrimination are made.

Thesis (M.A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2008 / This dissertation examines elements of protest in four of Zakes Mda’s novels, namely, Ways of Dying (1995a), She Plays with the Darkness (1995b), The Heart of Redness (2000), and The Madonna of Excelsior (2002). The elements of protest that are identified and investigated in this study are abuse, betrayal, discrimination, and violence. This study also shows that these elements of protest that are investigated are a result of a lack of integrity and social accountability on the part of government, the civil service, and individuals themselves. In addition, this dissertation reveals the extent to which social injustices negatively influence the thinking and behaviour of the general South African society and thwart the aspirations of ordinary people. Finally, suggestions to curb abuse, betrayal, and discrimination are made.

Also published as author's dissertation. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [181]-200).

Published also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1917. / "I have brought together from the works of French authors writing between 1150 and 1350 extracts that show the spirit of protest already astir in those centuries."--Introd. The extracts are accompanied by English translations in foot-notes. Bibliography: p. [199]-201.

Published also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1917. / "I have brought together from the works of French authors writing between 1150 and 1350 extracts that show the spirit of protest already astir in those centuries."--Introd. The extracts are accompanied by English translations in foot-notes. Bibliography: p. [199]-201.

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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / The main aim of this study is to evaluate protest poetry in Mihloti (1981) and Xikolokolo nguvu ya Pitori (1987) by J.M. Magaisa with special references to theme, subject matter and the use of figures of speech.. Chapter 1 indicates the aim of the study, motivation, statement of the problem, research methodology, literature review and the key concepts which are used in this research. Chapter 2 explains the themes of the protest poetry in Magaisa’s poetry. In some explanation of the themes, some of the figures of speech have been used with the aim of making readers to understand his poetry. Chapter 3 indicates the modes of expression in Magaisa’ protest poetry. Some of the figures of speech and difficult terms have been explained in this chapter make people to understand them. Chapter 4 is the general conclusion which indicates the findings of the research and recommendations for further researches. / The University of Limpopo and C.S.D.