Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is used to investigate strong hydrogen bonds in a variety of solids. NMR measurements of the 2H nuclear quadrupole coupling (CQ) and nuclear magnetic shielding tensors are performed on samples of trimethylammonium chloride (TMAC), protonated 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)napthalene (DMANH+), and potassium and sodium bifluoride. 2H CPMAS is used to obtain high quality spectra while reducing experimental time. From spectral simulations, values of 127, 36, 59 and 58 kHz are determined for the 2H CQ of TMAC, DMANH+ CF3SO3-, NaHF2 and KHF2, respectively. The 2H CPMAS spectrum of TMAC shows a minor secondary component resulting from a solid phase in which the trimethylammonium cation is experiencing precessional motion. At high temperature the 2H CPMAS spectrum of DMANH+ shows unexpected spinning sideband lineshapes because of residual dipolar coupling to 14N. The experimental 2H CQ values are corroborated by ab-initio and DFT calculations; for DMAN and the bifluorides the 2H CQ values are averaged over the potential energy surface to improve the computational quality. Large values of the isotropic chemical shift (>10 ppm) are observed for all of the hydrogen-bonded deuterons. To complement the 2H NMR work, other nuclei in the compounds of interest are investigated, for TMAC these include: 35Cl, 37Cl, 1H, 14N, 15N. The 35Cl CQ shows a small, but observable deuterium/proton isotope effect. Quadrupolar and chemical shift parameters for assorted nuclei in TMAC are calculated at various N-H distances, demonstrating the strong dependence of the chlorine and hydrogen parameters on the proton position. For DMANH+ the 15N CPMAS spectrum of a static sample of DMANH+-d1 provides a value for the average dipolar 15N-D coupling constant of 870±30 Hz, corresponding to a distance of 1.29 A. Spectra of the counterions in the bifluoride salts are obtained, providing CQ values of 123 kHz and 1.141 MHz for 39K and 23Na, respectively.

Le défi majeur de la thérapie génique à base de siARN est sa délivrance sûre et efficace. Récemment, notre groupe a mis au point des dendrimères amphiphiles comme vecteurs robustes et efficaces de délivrance non-virale de siARN, qui combinent les avantages de délivrance des vecteurs lipidiques et polymèriques. J’ai effectué au cours de ma thèse de doctorat une analyse de la relation structure/activité (SAR) d'une série de dendrimères comportant des queues hydrophobes de différentes longueurs. Nos résultats démontrent qu’un équilibre optimal entre la longueur de la chaîne alkyle hydrophobe et la partie hydrophile dendritique joue un rôle crucial sur leur capacité d’auto-assemblage, ainsi que sur leur activité de transport des siRNA. En outre, en combinant bola-amphiphiles et nos dendrimères amphiphiles, nous avons développé un nouveau dendrimère bola-amphiphile dont nous avons étudié les propriétés d’auto-assemblage et l'efficacité de transport du siARN correspondant. Ce dendrimère bola-amphiphile particulier a été en mesure de réagir à des espèces réactives de l'oxygène pour la délivrance spécifique, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives pour la conception de vecteurs stimuli-déclencheurs pour siARN ciblés. Enfin, nous avons étudié l’«effet d'éponge à protons» des vecteurs dendritiques amphiphiles à l'aide de la technique du film Langmuir en monocouche. Nos résultats ont prouvé le gonflement des vecteurs dendritiques amphiphiles par protonation, offrant ainsi des données expérimentales permettant de soutenir sans ambiguïté l’hypothèse de l'«effet d'éponge à protons». / A key challenge in RNAi-based gene therapy is the safe and effective siRNA delivery. Recently, our group has established amphiphilic dendrimers as robust and effective nonviral delivery vectors for siRNA, which combine the beneficial delivery features of both lipid and dendritic polymer vectors while overcoming their shortcomings.With the desire to understand the underlying mechanism of amphiphilic dendrimers for efficient delivery, I performed a structure/activity relationship (SAR) analysis of a series of dendrimers featuring hydrophobic tails of different lengths during my PhD thesis. We systematically investigated these dendrimers for their self-assembling characters and their capacities for both binding and delivery of siRNA. Our results demonstrate that an optimal balance between the hydrophobic alkyl chain length and the hydrophilic dendritic portion plays a crucial role in the self-assembly and the delivery activity towards siRNA.Furthermore, we developed a novel bola-amphiphilic dendrimer by combining bola-amphiphiles and our amphiphilic dendrimers and studied their self-assembly properties and the corresponding siRNA delivery efficiency. This peculiar bola-amphiphilic vector was able to respond to reactive oxygen species for specific delivery, opening a new perspective for the design of stimuli-trigged vectors for targeted siRNA delivery.Finally, I studied the “proton sponge effect” of the amphiphilic dendrimer vectors using the Langmuir monolayer film technique. Our results gave direct evidence of swelling of the amphiphilic dendrimers upon protonation, offering unambiguous experimental data to support the “proton sponge effect”.