Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the presence or absence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) to drug and behavioral history variables. The author hoped to determine if there were descriptive characteristics, unique to patients with TD, which could merit further investigation as precursors of TD. Two samples, with 26 subjects each, were drawn from patients identified at Eastern State Hospital and screened by a psychiatrist. The TD and No-TD groups were matched on age, sex, and diagnosis. Entire drug histories were recorded and entire behavioral (hospitalization) histories were rated. Data collection was discontinued, for both subjects, with the emergence of TD symptoms in the TD subject. This was an ex post facto design.;It was hypothesized that significant differences would be found between the two groups on history of antipsychotic and antiparkinson medications, history of polypharmacy, history of drug-free days and periods, history of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), history of psychiatric behavior patterns, race, eye color, and dental status. A trend was noted for the No-TD group to have consistently higher means on all of the drug variables. Significantly higher means for the No-TD group were found for mean cumulative and mean daily dose of antipsychotics, mean length of antiparkinson agent administration, and in the number of EPS incidences. The TD group had significantly more edentulous subjects than the No-TD groups.;Although TD is clearly related to antipsychotic ingestion, apparently it is not related to the quantity of antipsychotics ingested. Future study should, therefore, focus on the relationship of individual vulnerability to the development of TD rather than on drug variables such as those investigated in this study. Further investigation of the behavioral precursors is indicated. A prospective design is recommended in order to clarify relationships, such as EPS history and the development of TD, that remain unclear in retrospective investigations.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of two group counseling approaches upon adult patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer since August 1, 1980. Eighteen adult outpatients from metropolitan Richmond, Virginia area hospitals were the subjects. All were volunteers and were randomly assigned, using a modified random sampling procedure, to a nondirective, stress management, or control group. Five personality characteristics were examined: state anxiety, trait anxiety, self-esteem, innerdirectedness, and time competence.;The nondirective and stress management groups met for 90 minute sessions twice a week for five consecutive weeks. The control group did not meet. Each group facilitator distributed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Tennessee Self Concept Scale, and the Personal Orientation Inventory to the participants at an eleventh session and explained the directions. These assessment instruments were self-administered at home. Proper test-taking procedures were stressed by the facilitator. The same instruments were taken to the homes of the control group members for self-administration.;The research design used in this study was the Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The statistical procedure employed was the analysis of variance. Five null hypotheses provided the basis for testing for significant differences ((alpha) = .05) among the nondirective, stress management, and control groups on posttest anxiety, self-esteem, innerdirectedness, and time competence measures.;Analyses of the test data revealed that there was no significant difference among the nondirective, stress management, and control groups on any of the posttest measures. The investigator failed to reject all five null hypotheses.;Individual post-group interviews were conducted within two weeks of the termination of each group. They served as a validity check of the instrumentation results, and a content analysis was conducted with the interview data. The interview data analyses revealed that there was no appreciable difference among the nondirective, stress management, and control groups. There was, however, a qualitative difference when comparing the nondirective and stress management groups with the control group. In each treatment group, the group experience was credited for a diminution of stress and anxiety and an enhancement of self-esteem, innerdirectedness, and time competence. The control group period did not appear to be as meaningful or beneficial.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of the North, 1981 / Refer to the document

Length of hospital stay (LOS) is a major indicator for measuring efficient care. Intellectually disabled psychiatric patients (IDPP) with chronic medical problems have longer LOS due to challenges faced by providers in jointly managing both psychiatric and medical problems. The purposes of this study were to understand the significance of LOS for IDPP, create an intervention toolkit to reduce LOS, establish the content validity of the toolkit, and recommend its implementation. The items of the toolkit are pharmacology, somatic, rehabilitation, psychosocial, and monitoring patients' psychiatric and medical symptoms across care domains. The toolkit was created from the constructs of the psychiatric rehabilitation process model to jointly mange psychiatric and medical issues. The project question asked if a universal agreement rating will be achieved to establish content validity of the toolkit. Orem's self-care deficit theory was used to guide this study. Ten experts with experience in the clinical, financial, legal, and psycho-social aspects of IDPP care, were recruited from 5 county facilities and asked to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria focused on the experts' leadership roles in those facilities. The experts answered two online quantitative surveys. Survey 1 asked 9 questions and elicited opinions on LOS issues for IDPP. Survey 2 asked the experts to rate the efficacy of the toolkit to reduce LOS for IDPP. Survey 1 finding showed that 8 of 10 experts agreed that LOS for IDPP needed to be reduced. Survey 2 finding showed a universal agreement toolkit rating of 0.84, indicating the experts' readiness to adopt the toolkit to reduce LOS for IDPP. This study has the potential to promote social change by enhancing interdisciplinary and collaborative use of best care processes in psychiatry to reduce LOS and jointly manage psychiatric and medical problems affecting IDPP.

A gap exists in the current literature on the training needs of professional counselors so they can meet the increasing demand for counseling services among refugee populations. The purpose of this constructivist, grounded theory study was to explore the perceptions of professional counselors related to their preparedness to demonstrate multicultural competence when counseling refugees. A constructivist grounded theory approach following Charmaz's principles guided the investigation into perceptions of professional counselors towards counseling with refugee clients. The author conducted a qualitative demographic form, individual interviews, and a focus group with professional counselors who had experience working with refugees. Sample included 21 licensed professional counselors who had experience working with at least one refugee client. Utilizing a thematic data analysis on the qualitative data, the main themes outlined in this comprehensive theory included contexts, challenges, competencies, and professional development. The study may contribute to positive social change through increasing access to mental health services for refugee populations who currently underuse the services.

Thesis (M Med (Psychiatry))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. / The aim of the study was to establish a profile of psychiatric illnesses that are encountered during consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry and to describe interventions undertaken. The objective was to identify referral patterns, establish the referral rate, and to profile the diagnoses & describe the actions taken by the consulting doctor. This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on all inpatients that were referred to psychiatry from other disciplines in the hospital for the 12 month period January to December 2009. The study was conducted at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, which is a tertiary psychiatric unit which caters for mental health care users in the Garankuwa , Soshanguve and Mabopane region. The study found that the referral rate to psychiatric C-L services was lower than at other institutions. Amongst the referred patients, there was a high incidence of organic brain syndrome diagnoses, but a low rate of depression. The study proposed further investigation into the reasons behind the low rate of referral and low rate of depression, so as to improve C-L service delivery in the hospital.

This essay is a qualitative research analysis that aims to increase knowledge and understanding of how people with mental disorder be treated in Sweden. It also includes a short comparison with China when it comes to treating people with mental disorders. According to the Mental Health Global Action Program of WHO number of people suffering from the mental disorders is expected to reach 450 million people worldwide. Statistics released by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009 showed that mental disorder in China affects a population of over 100 million people, of which 16 million are severely ill. People with mental disorders cannot be described as one single group; there is a wide range of different state of illness, including the depression, and patients with schizophrenia. One could even add other mental handicapped groups. These patients inflict severe burden upon their families and as well as the society. They have diseased emotional expressions what ‘normal’ people are not endowed with, so that they are somehow misunderstood, to be more exact, they are not accepted. They can neither integrate in society nor break away from it; they are put in a great quandary, and have no choice but to live marginalized and secluded from society.

ABSTRACT FROM BARNYARDS TO BEDSIDES TO BOOKS AND BEYOND: THE EVOLUTION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION OF REGISTERED PSYCHIATRIC NURSING IN MANITOBA, 1955-1980 In the 1950s, psychiatric nursing in Canada was developing into two models. East of Manitoba, psychiatric nursing was a part of general nursing. To the west of Manitoba, it was evolving into a distinct profession. Manitoba, during the 1950s, did not fit either the eastern or western model. But in 1960, it achieved the same distinct professional status, through legislation, as its neighbours to the west. This study is an examination of the factors that swayed Manitoba to adopt the western psychiatric nursing model and achieve the legislation which governed its first twenty years. The factors are: male collegiality with the leaders of the other three western psychiatric nurses associations, the support of the western based Canadian Council of Psychiatric Nurses, the encouragement of medical superintendents of the provincial mental hospitals in the formation of an alternative workforce, and the lack of interest by general nurses in working in the provincial mental institutions. The legislation achieved in 1960 gave some authority to the Psychiatric Nurses Association of Manitoba to govern its own affairs, but it was not entirely effective in bestowing full professional status on psychiatric nurses. This was especially true of the control over education which was placed in the hands of a committee, dominated by medical superintendents. This study also examines the evolution of the profession during its first twenty years as it worked to gain control over education, develop a professional ideology, and establish a place for itself in the Manitoba mental health system. This study concludes in 1980 with the passage of full professional legislation. A genealogical analysis was used to examine data which came from archives, oral interviews, and secondary sources. The findings suggest that registered psychiatric nursing in Manitoba is a contingent and political construction, but that it can continue to evolve and grow in unique ways through an ongoing examination of its roots, icons, practices, and philosophy. / May 2008