The presented thesis focuses on garden-path sentence processing in Czech and follows the line of research within the good-enough approach to language comprehension. Some studies within this framework suggest that, after a garden-path sentence is reanalysed, a full and complete syntactic representation is formed, but the system fails to prune the initial misanalysis completely (Slattery et al., 2013; Qian et al., 2017). However, the research of garden-path sentences within the good-enough approach stems from a limited number of syntactic structures. This thesis presents a series of three self-paced reading experiments employing open-ended comprehension questions that aim to test if the conclusions of Slattery et al. (2013) can also be applied to syntactic structures that have not yet been examined within this framework, namely senteces such as "Roztržitý kastelán zamkl průvodkyni na nádvoří koloběžku.". The results are only partially in accordance with the hypothesis. The lingering misanalysis effect was shown only for the sentences with an animate object (these sentences were generally harder to process). Sentences with an inanimate object, that are easier to analyse, show no difference in response accuracy in comparison with similar unambiguous sentences. Keywords: garden-path sentences,...

The aim of this thesis is comparison of speakers' understanding of meaning of names of body parts head, eye, ear, nose, mouth and heart in Czech and Japanese language. To achieve this goal a list of idioms consisting of mentioned body parts in both languages is created. Speakers sort the idioms into arbitrary categories based on their understaing of meaning of name of body part. Resulting data is processed by multidimensional scaling and evaluated afterwards. The first bigger chapter is dedicated to introduction of idiomatics and phraseology in Europe and Japan in order to compare understanding of idioms and their classification. The second bigger chapter introduces a base for approaches to idioms, following by focus on somatic idioms. Two different approaches are introduced. The method of introspection is represented by a theory of coneptual profiles by I. Vaňková and by an idealized cognitive model of act by Arizono T. The corpus approach is represented by F. Čermák, Hashimoto Ch. et al. and by Lin W. The introduction of practical part follows. The first part is dedicated to the method of multidimensional scaling. After that the survey realization and its evaluation is described. The overall evaluation of results in terms of the aim of this thesis is placed in conclusion. Keywords: Japanese...

The psychological profiling is regarded as one of the promising method of criminalistics employed for solving crimes. The object of my dissertation is to clarify the role of the criminalistic method of psychological profiling within the process of investigating crime, its significance and possibilities for the application. The dissertation consists of three main parts which are subsequently divided into chapters and subchapters. Particular chapters and subchapters of the dissertation deal with various points of view on the methods of psychological profiling of the offender. The introduction is followed by a part of my dissertation which deals with particular elementary aspects of the method of psychological profiling. This part is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter familiarizes the reader with the notion of psychological profiling and its substance. The second chapter describes within its two subchapters the historical development of the method abroad and in the Czech Republic. The third chapter specifies the types of crimes which are eligible for the profiling. The fourth chapter is focused on the possibilities of employing the services of psychologists for investigating crimes. This chapter consists of three subchapters which characterizethe consultancy, the psychological judicial...

The thesis focuses on lexical retrieval in bilinguals' first language. The aim of the work is to follow up on the research conducted abroad which has shown that lexical retrieval in the first language of bilinguals is slower than lexical retrieval in matched monolinguals. The present thesis is based on an experiment consisting of a verbal fluency task and a picture naming task; the participants were 152+120 students of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University with varying levels of their L2 (ranging from speakers with low proficiency in L2 to almost balanced bilinguals). In contrast to the previous research, this project thus views L2 proficiency as differentiated along a scale. The results of both tasks suggest that lexical retrieval in native speakers of Czech with high proficiency in L2 is not slower than in matched speakers with low proficiency in L2. Analysis of reaction times in the picture naming task also indicates the involvement of frequency and cognate effects.

The diploma thesis is a part of a good enough sentence processing research. In the theoretical part, I describe the origin of this approach and main research areas - garden- path sentences and noncanonical sentences. The practical part of the thesis introduces three experiments which partially replicate experiments of F. Ferreira (2003), results of these experiments, interpretation and comparation to the results of experiments in English. The Czech results show that Czech speakers unlike English speakers tend to use only heuristic of plausibility and do not use the NVN strategy.

The submitted M.A. thesis builds on the B.A. thesis entitled On general questions of psycholinguistics and develops factual points of departure related to the topic of adoption of a foreign language by a child. A part of the theoretical section is the definition of basic concepts in the field of psycholinguistics, in particular developmental psycholinguistics, and the design of the notion of adoption of a foreign language by a child. The primary goal of the study is to provide a comparative listing of the individual theories of adoption of a foreign language by a child, not only at the level of the mother tongue, but at the level of a second language as well. The basic theoretical concepts of adoption of a foreign language are based on linguistic, psychological and especially psycholinguistic scientific research. The other goals of the thesis include the definition of extensive variable determinants which participate in the process of adoption of a foreign language by a child and also influence the resultant level of adoption of a non-native language. In the concluding part of the theoretical compilation, space is provided for the psycholinguistic aspects of adoption, such as enunciative, speech and written displays of a foreign language. The empirical part is built up in a way so that it highlights the applicability of the process of adoption of a foreign language by a child in a natural environment, i.e. in a bilingual family environment where the resultant process is the most effective and verifiable. For this reason, it is not possible to talk about learning a foreign language but rather about the adoption of a second language.

This thesis engages in the language acquistion of the mother tongue (czech) and the second language (English) in preschool age and discribes the development of child language competence in both languages based on available theories, results of illustrative research and one-year observation in kindergarten with bilingual education program. In the beginning, there are defined theories which engaged in past and engage today (from 20th century till the present day) in study of language acquisition. In addition of these theories we focus factors which influence on the language development of children and consideration even theory of children's linguistic picture of the world. We compare the development of language competence (phonetic-phonological, semantic, grammatical, communication, pragmatic and vocabulary) in first language (czech) which are defined in agreement with available theories with empirical discoveries which indicate the development of those competence in second language (English) and we discribe partial methodological processes.

This diploma thesis provides a detailed description of the life and work of Ghelly Chernov, a Russian theorist and a leading figure of interpreting studies. It is the first thesis written in Czech to comprehensively cover Chernov's work. The chronologically arranged parts of the thesis systematically describe Chernov's life and findings about translation and interpreting, both theory and practice, with an emphasis on the model of probability prognosis in simultaneous interpreting. The thesis also focuses on Chernov's articles on didactics of interpreting and lexicographic publications, to which he directly contributed during his lifetime. The thesis covers the core elements of his work, describes them within the context of global interpreting studies, and recounts his life using the available resources as well as unique material provided by people who met the leading Russian interpreting theorist in person.

This diploma thesis compares the performance of bilinguals and of interpreting students in simultaneous interpreting. The compared data are from the experiment, within which we tested 3 bilinguals (without any or with little experience in simultaneous interpreting) and 3 trained students of the interpreting MA study programme. The data were collected in the language combination Czech - German. Part of this thesis are also two questionnaires. When comparing the interpreting performances (in form of transcripts of recordings), following interpreting strategies and factors were put emphasis on: salami technique (and related aspects), finishing sentences, hesitation sounds and interferences. This diploma thesis aims at illustrating the effects of the simultaneous interpreting training. The whole thesis is being run through by the question, whether the skill of simultaneous interpreting is an accompanying effect of bilingualism, or whether (and alternatively to what extent) this skill is derived from interpreting training. Keywords: interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, interpreting strategies, interpreting lessons, practice in interpreting, salami technique, finishing sentences, hesitation sounds, interferences, bilingualism, didactics, psycholinguistics

Since software and hardware is well available for automated text analysis and since a large data that describes real projects submitted to grant program is opened up, there is a possibility to follow phenomena of behavioral economics and psycholinguistics which evidence particularities in textual descriptions may be statistically associated with a reader's behavior or with a reader's decision-taking, which, in this case, involves an influence on final allocation of grant funds. The thesis uses forenamed areas as a starting-point and also employs quantitative indicators from the field of forensic linguistics in order to perform a computer-aided quantitative text analysis. The main goal is to evaluate from correlation perspective, if there in real operational programmes were present any associable relationships between the quantitative features of a proposed project's textual description and the amount of grant allocated to a project. The thesis is divided into four chapters, where it introduces basis, describes analyzed data and used methods, comments on made analyses and found relations, and all the performed research is summarized and evaluated in the last chapter.