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Ten patients and eleven controls received three equivalent tests before, during, and after ECT, or a similar lapse of time. The tests involved the tachistoscopic presentation of Street's Gestalt Figures; the number correctly recognized being the score used. Conclusions reached are: (1) A significant drop is found in learning and remembering the test material, (2) No cumulative affect of the number of convulsions is seen on test performance, and (3) A convulsion tends to produce the greatest drop when it occurs before reproduction rather than before learning. [...]

Ever since Neisser (31) first used the term "perseveration" in psychiatry in 1894 and Müller and Schumann (30) used this concept to explain the results they obtained on a psychophysical experiment involving weight discrimination, psychologists have been interested in studying the negative effects of experience. [...]

Various methods have been employed in the evaluation of item selection methods. Typical among these studies are those made by Barthelmess, Lentz and Long and Sandiford. Barthelmess (l), has used an intercorrelational technique in evaluating various methods of item selection. Validity values were computed for each of the hundred elements of the McCall Multi-Mental Scale, Elementary Form 1, by each of the methods of item selection being studied, namely, Eta, Long, McCall, Vincent, Corrected Vincent and Bi-serial r. These methods were then evaluated on the basis of intercorrelation of each method with all the other methods. Results showed that the Eta (Correlation Ratio) and the Bi-serial r methods ranked first and second respectively. Using a criterion X, composed of a series of tests (Stanford Achievement Test, Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Test A, Thorndike-McCall Reading Scale, Woody-McCall Mixed Fundamentals in Arithmetic, Morrison-McCall Spelling Scale), Barthelmess judged the validity methods under study according to their success in selecting the ten best, twenty best, thirty best, forty best, fifty best items. On the basis of correlations with criterion X of the ten best items, as chosen by each method, the Long, McCall, Eta, and Biserial r methods ranked first, second, third and fourth respectively. [...]

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