Late 19th century and until 1978, it was only the physical work environment that has been regulated in the legal text. It was only when the Work Environment Act came into force in 1978 that the psychosocial issues came to be included in the legal text. Today, most of the sick leave is due to the psychosocial work environment in the workplace. The work environment is regulated in the Work Environment Act and through the Swedish Work Environment Authority's statutes. Sweden's membership of the EU must take into account Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work. It is the employer who is responsible for the work environment and the law's starting point is that the employer must ensure that the work environment is a safe place without ill health and accidents. This through systematic work environment work can prevent ill health and accidents even before they occur and also know what measures need to be taken. Work Environment Act places very extensive demands on the employer regarding measures to be taken to prevent ill health and accidents at the workplace, while the law does not state how it is to be conducted. Therefore, the Swedish Work Environment Authority has issued a large number of statutes that will give the law a more concrete nature

Este trabalho aplicou uma metodologia adequada para correlacionar os benefícios do tratamento ortodôntico com as possíveis melhorias nas condições psicológicas, na performance diária do indivíduo e fortalecer ainda mais a associação com a melhora na qualidade de vida. O estudo avaliou o impacto do tratamento ortodôntico na performance diária e nas condições psicossociais do adulto jovem, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos. Foram aplicados os questionários específicos OIDP, PIDAQ, AC (IOTN) e o DAI, validados e testados quanto à confiabilidade e consistência, previamente ao trabalho, pelas análises estatísticas: o Alpha de Cronbach, a Análise Fatorial e a Regressão Logística, além das técnicas básicas de análise exploratória de dados como média, mediana, desvio padrão, frequência absoluta e relativa. A amostragem foi composta por dois grupos: grupo I (n=101): indivíduos que tiveram seu tratamento ortodôntico concluído nos últimos 24 meses; grupo II (n=55): indivíduos que procuraram por tratamento ortodôntico. No grupo tratado (grupo I) foi feita uma análise das fichas clínicas e de toda a documentação ortodôntica, focalizando a queixa principal que o levou a procurar o tratamento (queixa estética ou funcional) e aplicados os índices OIDP e PIDAQ. No grupo II foram realizados exames clínicos por um avaliador calibrado e aplicado os índices OIDP, PIDAQ, DAI e AC (IOTN). Resultados: O modelo foi estatisticamente significativo, com estatística de Wald igual a 30,4 e p-valor menor que 0,0001. O impacto no Grupo I foi POSITIVO, pois os valores dos impactos bucais na atividade diária foram menores, em comparação com o grupo II; a avaliação do PIDAQ apresentou valores significativos indicando que o grupo I apresentou melhores condições psicossociais em comparação com o grupo II. Conclusão: Concluímos que os indivíduos do grupo I apresentaram valores estatísticos significativos para o OIDP e para o PIDAQ, em relação do Grupo II, confirmando o impacto positivo do tratamento ortodôntico na melhoria das condições psicossociais, na performance diária e fortalecendo a associação com a qualidade de vida. / This study applied an appropriate methodology to correlate the benefits of orthodontic treatment with possible improvements in psychological conditions, in daily performance of the individual and validate the association with improved quality of life. The study evaluated the impact of orthodontic treatment on daily performance and psychosocial conditions in young adults, aged between 18 and 30 years. Specific questionnaires OIDP PIDAQ, AC (IOTN) and the DAI, validated and tested for reliability and consistency, previously to work, statistical analyzes were applied: Cronbachs alpha, the factor analysis and logistic regression, in addition to exploratory basic technical data analysis as mean, median, standard deviation, absolute and relative frequency. The sample comprised two groups: group I (n=101): individuals who had their orthodontic treatment completed within the last 24 months; group II (n=55): individuals who look for orthodontic treatment. The treated group (group I) was made an analysis of the clinical records and the whole orthodontic documentation, focusing on the main complaint that led him to seek treatment (aesthetic or functional complaints) and applied the OIDP and PIDAQ indices. In Group II Clinical examinations were performed by a calibrated evaluator and applied the OIDP, PIDAQ, DAI and AC (IOTN) index. Results: The model was statistically significant with Wald statistic equal to 30.4 and p-value less than 0.0001. The impact on the Group I was POSITIVE, because the values of oral impacts on daily activity were lower compared with group II; assessing PIDAQ known significant values indicating that group I had better psychosocial conditions compared with group II. Conclusion: We conclude that group I showed significant statistical values for the OIDP and PIDAQ, regarding Group II, confirming positive impact of orthodontic treatment in improving psychosocial conditions in daily performance and strengthening the association with quality of life.

Bakgrunn og hensikt: Studien setter fokus på miljørettet helseverns tilsynsrolle rettet mot psykososiale forhold i norske asylmottak med langtidsopphold. Hensikten var å belyse hvordan de profesjonelle tilsynsutøvere i kommunene ser på dagens tilsynspraksis og i hvilken grad de mener at den er i tråd med lovgivningens intensjoner. Studien søker dessuten å avdekke om tilgjengelige ressurser, lovverk, veiledere og rammebetingelser er tilstrekkelige, og hvilken betydning dette har for kvaliteten på tilsynet. Metode: Tversnittsstudie med strukturerte telefonintervjuer av 82 personer motsvarende 48,8% avdet mulige antallet fagpersoner fra norske kommuner, basert på et spørreskjema med 28 spørsmål med oppsatte svaralternativer og to åpne spørsmål. Data ble analysert med deskriptiv statistikk ogkvalitativ innholdsanalyse. Resultater: Ansatte som driver tilsyn etter forskrift for Miljørettet helsevern i dag opplever at de i for stor grad utøver et skjønnsbasert tilsyn, og etterlyser bedre retningslinjer og tydeligere krav i lover og veiledere. Videre etterlyses mer kunnskap direkte rettet mot psykososiale forhold i mottak, kurs og opplæring og bedre rammer for å kunne gjennomføre et forsvarlig tilsyn. Tettere og mer tverrfaglig samarbeid med helsefaglig personell og UDI, samt interkommunal organisering, sees på som en styrke for å bedre kvaliteten på tilsynene. Konklusjon: Dårlige boforhold (enkel standard), lang oppholdstid og lediggang/passifisering synes å være de største utfordringene for det psykososiale miljøet i mottakene. De viktigste tiltakene for å bedre kvaliteten på tilsynet synes å være økt kunnskap på feltet spesielt rettet inn mot psykososialeforhold, tydeligere krav og retningslinjer i lover og forskrift, og større grad av samarbeid på tvers avfagområder for å imøtekomme behovene til en utsatt gruppe mennesker/beboere i mottak. / Background and objectives: This study focuses on the supervision of environmental andpsychosocial conditions in Norwegian accommodation centers for asylum seekers with long-term residence. We aimed to examine how professionals from the communities view current practice andto what extent they consider it compliant with legislative intentions. We further aimed to explore the sufficiency of available resources, guidelines, and conditions, and to determine their effect on the quality of the supervision. Methods: This cross-sectional study used structured telephone interviews with 82 persons, a number that corresponds to 48.8% of the total number of professionals in Norwegian communities, based ona questionnaire comprising 28 closed and 2 open questions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Results: Employees who currently oversee regulations for environmental health reported too muchdiscretion-based supervision. They called for better policies and clearer requirements in laws an dsupervisors, respectively. Furthermore they announced more knowledge directly aimed at psychosocial factors in reception, and more focus from central government on courses and trainingand better facilities to carry out a proper inspection. Respondents viewed closer and more interdisciplinary collaboration with health professionals and immigration authorities, as well as intermunicipal organizations, as a force for improving the quality of inspections. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that poor housing conditions, long-term residence, andidleness/pacification comprise the largest challenges for the psychosocial environment in asylum centers. The most important measures for improving the quality of supervision likely requireincreased knowledge in the field, especially regarding psychosocial factors; clearer requirements;legal and regulatory guidelines; and greater cross-discipline collaboration to fulfill the needs of a vulnerable group of people/residents in reception / <p>ISBN 978-91-982282-9-8</p>