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Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies utilizing exposure are considered the gold standard in anxiety disorder treatments. Despite their success, relapse remains problematic, especially over long-term follow up periods. Basic researchers traditionally conceptualize the mechanism of exposure as Pavlovian extinction, but this may overlook the important role of operant processes in the treatment and relapse of anxiety. Resurgence, in which a previously extinguished behavior returns following the extinction of another behavior that has replaced it, is a promising model of operant relapse. Nonhuman research on resurgence has shown that, while higher rates of alternative reinforcement result in faster and more comprehensive extinction of target behavior, they also result in greater resurgence. This somewhat paradoxical finding could have important implications for clinicians treating anxiety, as higher rates of alternative reinforcement may have the unintended side effect of producing greater relapse of avoidance if access to positive reinforcement later becomes unavailable. The current study took a translational approach to investigating the effects of rich and lean rates of alternative reinforcement on extinction and magnitude of resurgence in typically developing humans using a computerized task. Three groups (Rich, n = 18; Lean, n = 18; Control, n = 10) underwent acquisition of a target response. Target responding was then placed on extinction while varying rates of reinforcement for an alternative behavior were delivered. Resurgence was assessed under extinction conditions for all groups. Results indicated that the rich rate of alternative reinforcement facilitated extinction while the lean rate ultimately had a detrimental effect on extinction. Within groups, Rich and Lean experienced significant resurgence, while Control did not. Effect sizes were large. Between groups, Rich resurged more than Lean and Control. Effect sizes were again large. There was no significant difference in resurgence between Lean and Control. Implications for the treatment of anxiety disorders and future research directions are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert vanessa.pdf: 6002309 bytes, checksum: df2a2d8c85a5b63a3a7c2be3a3a28a5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-02 / A ansiedade generalizada é um disorder mental comum e tem um prevalence de 5.1% para a vida (Kessler, 1994 e Meltzer, 1995). O comorbidity no meio GAD e o depression principal é comum e os povos com este comorbidity relatam que GAD têm o início antes do depression, predizendo o início subseqüente de sintomas depressive e de outros disorders (Kessler, 2000). Uma intervenção e um tratamento adiantados de preliminar GAD impediriam tal resultado.

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Eating disorders remain extremely difficult to treat and investigation has revealed that manual-based eating disorder treatment outcomes have failed to improve over the second half of the last century. Various studies have observed that clinicians use evidence-based treatments for eating disorders inconsistently and often exclude fundamental theoretical techniques. Some argue that this departure from evidence-based practice may in some cases be the efforts of clinicians to develop methods more sensitive to real world situations. It stands to reason that some of the techniques currently being used by clinicians are promising treatment approaches. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic process of a select group of clinicians at one eating disorder treatment center. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 clinicians. A hermeneutic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed a common treatment approach with nine areas of focus: (a) stabilizing behaviors, (b) relationship building, (c) providing education, (d) increasing motivation, (e) challenging cognitions, (f) understanding emotions, (g) finding purpose and meaning, (h) improving body image, and (i) preventing relapse. Insights acquired from the clinicians in this study could contribute to the development of more effective treatments for clients with eating disorders.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-16T13:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rondinelibezerramariano.pdf: 865914 bytes, checksum: 30f99163f8526c8c550a235664918e4b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:15:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rondinelibezerramariano.pdf: 865914 bytes, checksum: 30f99163f8526c8c550a235664918e4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:15:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rondinelibezerramariano.pdf: 865914 bytes, checksum: 30f99163f8526c8c550a235664918e4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dentro do debate sobre a cientificidade da psicoterapia e da psicologia clínica o Clinical Scientist Movement (CSM) ocupa um lugar de destaque e faz dessa questão objeto central de seu projeto, elaborando propostas originais sobre a temática. Devedor de uma tradição em psicologia clínica que desde a segunda guerra mundial tenta estabelecer a psicologia clinica como uma legítima ciência, o CSM também coloca no eixo do seu projeto duas questões que ocupam a área desde o pós-guerra, quais sejam, o problema da eficácia das psicoterapias e o debate sobre os modelos de doutorado em psicologia clínica. Este trabalho investiga as ideias do CSM delimitando o que para ele é exatamente uma psicoterapia fundamentada cientificamente e quais as exigências que determinada prática terapêutica deve atender para que seja considerada enquanto tal. Psicoterapia fundamentada cientificamente seria aquela que demonstra tanto que é eficaz para tratar determinado transtorno psicológico através de ensaios clínicos quanto que está baseada numa teoria científica. Esta teoria teria que explicar o mecanismo de funcionamento do transtorno ou problema em questão e como a terapia em questão ocasiona mudança terapêutica. No que concerne ao modelo de ciência pressuposto no programa do CSM, verifica-se certa dívida com o racionalismo crítico popperiano por aceitar o falsificacionismo como critério válido para a demarcação do conhecimento científico. No entanto, também se defende uma perspectiva probabilística de ciência e a ideia que as teorias alcançam progressivamente o status científico, posições estas associadas ao empirismo lógico. Defende-se por fim que o projeto do CSM acaba encerrando uma concepção médica e um modelo tecnicista de psicoterapia que não faz jus ao que realmente é a prática clínica e a todas as suas possibilidades enquanto terapêutica. / Within the debate on the scientificity of psychotherapy and clinical psychology, the Clinical Scientist Movement (CSM) occupies an important place and does of this issue the central object of your project, elaborating original proposals on it. Heir of a tradition in clinical psychology that since World War II tries to establish the clinical psychology as a legitimate science, the CSM also puts on the center of its project two issues that have been occupying the discipline since the post-war, namely, the problem of effectiveness of psychotherapy and the discussion on the PhD program models in clinical psychology. This work investigates the CSM ideas delimiting what is a scientifically based psychotherapy for it and which conditions certain therapeutic practices must meet to be considered as such. A scientifically based psychotherapy would be the one that would demonstrate both that it was effective to treat a psychological disorder through controlled clinical trials and that it was based on a scientific theory. This theory would have to explain the operating mechanism of the disorder or problem at hand and how the aimed therapy leads to therapeutic change. Regard to the CSM science model assumption, we can say that there is a certain debt to the Popperian critical rationalism, for accepting falsificationism as valid criteria for the demarcation of scientific knowledge. However, it also advocates a probabilistic perspective of science and the idea that theories progressively achieve scientific status, positions usually associated with logical empiricism. Finally, it is argued that the CSM project has just endorsing a medical design and technical model of psychotherapy, which does not justice to what really is the clinical practice and all its possibilities as a therapeutic.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce BMC approach in relation to other body-oriented psychotherapies, to characterise its principles and techniques, the format of therapy and to analyze and assess it from a point of view of the basic questions of scientific validity of a psychotherapeutic modality. Further in this thesis we summarize the bodily anchored experiencing theory. The empirical part of this thesis is a quantitative study of relation of body awareness, depressive experiencing and the satisfaction with life. We also studied a relationship among body awareness and socio-demographical characteristics of respondents. We ascertained some statistically significant correlations pointing towards a link between the ability of body awareness and depressive experiencing and also with satisfaction with life. The findings of this empirical study point towards the usefulness of further systematical developing of the body awareness construct.