本研究旨在探討直轄市山地原住民區改制前後，原為官派制轉換成民選制的區，比較兩種制度在地方上的治理運作與模式，以表現不同制度在相同環境、事務時所產生的運作差異，一方面評估不同制度下之運作；方面評估制度中的民意制衡能力。最後分析民選制與官派制於治理上的優缺點和差異，並對當前制度提出相應的改善建議。 本研究採用的研究方法如下： 1.個案研究法：選定新北市烏來區為個案，觀察制度轉換之差異所造成的影響。 2.文獻分析法：整理分析相關文書資料以比較官派制與民選制的結構、機制之差異。 3.深入訪談法：選定直轄市山地原住民區改制前後，擔任行政與民代職務者，進行職 責與實務的訪談，調查制度差異對行為與結果的影響，以及地方感受跟評價。 / The case study is research to the mountain indigenous districts of special municipalities, the former official system is converted into an elected system of district.By comparing the models and practices of these two local governance systems brought by the institutional reform, which has led our attention to the differences of behavior and reaction the two systems have while put in the same environment and under the same government affairs, this present study evaluates the two systems with special focus on their administrative performance and check-and-balance capability of the public sector. The ultimate purpose of this study is to analyze the merits and limits of elected representation and official appointment and through observing one real case, and finally propose advices to improve the current system. Methodologies adopted in this study include: 1.Case study: Wilai District of New Taipei City is chosen to observe the impact of institutional reform. 2.Literature analysis: Relevant documents and data are collected and analyzed for the comparison of official appointment and elected representation in their organizational and functional differences. 3.In-depth interview: Administrative officials and elected representatives who have experienced the transition are interviewed about their duty change and practical exercise of governance, in hope to investigate behavioral and consequential influences the new system has caused, and collect feedback and evaluation from local government.