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A method for the separation and detection of standard resin acids (RAs), commonly found in pulp mill effluent and known to bioaccumulate in fish bile, was optimized using cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (CD-EKC) with ultra violet (UV) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Optimal separation conditions were found with RA standards using UV detection at 214 nm, with a 72 mM sodium borate buffer pH 9.25, containing 35 mM beta-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (SPCD), 15 mM of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MECD) and a 37 cm capillary with an internal diameter of 50pm. This resulted in a 12-min separation and the identification of 9 peaks, with a LOD of 10 ppm. To enable increased sensitivity, RAs were derivatized using the fluorescent label 4-BrMMc. A method for extracting resin acids from spiked fish bile and pulp mill effluent was developed, the extracted samples were derivatized, separated and identified using CD-EKC with LIF detection. The method of extraction and derivatization using CD-EKC was applied to biological samples of contaminated effluent and fish bile. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This research followed acetate carbon (C) uptake, metabolism, and fate through a typical modern Kraft pulp and paper mill AS system. Freshly collected mill biomass (AS floc suspensions) was placed under conditions representing four key phases of AS biotreatment: (1) initial acetate uptake by aerated starved AS; (2) ongoing acetate uptake; (3) aerobic metabolism of acetate-loaded AS in acetate-stripped effluent; and (4) anaerobic, settled biomass metabolism. Conditions mimicked the mill system as closely as possible. Acetate carbon uptake kinetics and conversion to CO2, growth products, PHB, and secreted metabolites in each of the four phases were measured. The role of PHB synthesis in the initial stripping of acetate from mill effluent and the PHB production potential of this mill AS were also investigated. / Results showed that acetate was rapidly taken up by high-affinity systems in the AS. During the initial exposure of mill-starved AS, acetate greatly stimulated AS-O2 uptake, and was quickly converted to PHB and CO 2. Upon depletion of available effluent acetate, as occurs in the downstream sections of the aeration tank, O2-uptake rates decreased and the acetate-C stored in AS-PHB was slowly released as CO2, and partly used for growth. Under secondary clarifier-like anaerobic conditions, the AS released virtually no CO2. However, substantial amounts of PHB were used for growth under anaerobic conditions and a small proportion of the original acetate C exited the cells as organic acids.

Thesis (M.Eng.(Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Göteborg University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-178).

Thesis (M.Sc. Biological Sciences)--University of Waikato, 2008. / Title from PDF cover (viewed March 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-128)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

No description available.