This research is through questionnaire survey. The data is collected through customers in shopping malls. The results of this research besides the trait of buying impulsiveness can be described in seven categories. (1)Felt urge to buy impulsively.(2)Positive emotional affect.(3)Negative emotional affect.(4)the in-store browsing degree.(5)Shopping enjoyment.(6)Time available for shopper. (7)Money available for shopper. The data will help to find out the relationship among categories and the relationship with impulsive purchase.

Sammanfattning Syfte- Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka utmaningar som finns inom inköpsprocessen i företag med en kundorderdriven tillverkning och hur dessa utmaningar kan hanteras för att uppnå ökad effektivitet. Metod och genomförande – För att uppfylla syftet har en fallstudie på Lidan Marine i Lidköping utförts. Genom observationer och intervjuer på fallföretaget har empiri samlats in för att parallellt analyserats med studiens teoretiska ramverk. Utifrån en analys har sedan studiens resultat utformats. Bakgrund – Ett företag med en kundorderdriven tillverkning kännetecknas av otillgängliga buffertar och lager som kan fånga upp variationer och brister i materialflödet. Detta medför i sin tur en rad utmaningar för en inköpsprocess eftersom det är den process som tar beslut om hur materialflödet styrs. Resultat – Utifrån insamlad empiri och litteratur har fem utmaningar identifierats. Dessa utmaningar återfinns genom hela inköpsprocessen och intensifieras i och med avsaknaden av buffertar. De identifierade utmaningarna är; bristande kommunikation, optimistisk tidsbedömning, otydlig arbetsprocess, tidspress och otydlig inköpsplanering. I resultatet presenteras även tillvägagångssätt för att hantera utmaningarna för att på så sätt uppnå ökad effektivitet och i sin tur, ökad framgång för företag med en kundorderdriven tillverkning. Slutsatser – Författarna anser att grunden till fallföretagets utmaningar är avsaknaden av ett helhetsperspektiv. Genom att erhålla ett helhetsperspektiv kan medarbetarna se hur alla företagets processer hänger samman. Vilket i sin tur skulle leda till en ökad förståelse för olika tillvägagångssätt för att hantera processers aktiviteter och hur dessa påverkar företaget som helhet. Implikationer – De identifierade utmaningarna är endast framtagna ur ett inköpsprocessperspektiv i ett företag med en kundorderdriven tillverkning. Studien fokuserar på ett utvalt fallföretag och det kan således finnas andra utmaningar som måste undersökas på andra företag. Dock måste företaget erhålla ett helhetsperspektiv innan åtgärder kan vidtas. Nyckelord – kundorderpunkt, inköpsprocess, supply chain management, effektiv, process / Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this report is to examine the challenges that exist in the purchasing process in companies with a customer order-driven manufacturing and how these challenges can be managed to achieve greater efficiency. Background - A company with a customer order-driven manufacturing is characterized by inaccessible buffers and inventory that can capture the variations and imperfections of the material flow. This leads to a number of challenges for a purchasing process as it is the process that regulates the flow of material. Metholodgy – To meet the purpose of the report a case study has been conducted in collaboration with Lidan Marine in Lidköping. Through observations and interviews within the case study, empirical data has been collected in order to compare and analyze it with the theoretical framework of the study. Based on this analysis the findings of the report were generated. Findings – Based on the empirical data and literature five challenges has been identified. These challenges are found throughout the entire purchasing process and are intensified in the absence of buffers. The identified challenges are; lack of communication, optimistic time assessment, unclear work process, time constraint and indistinct purchase planning. The report also presents approaches for addressing the challenges identified in order to achieve greater efficiency and, in turn, increased success for a company with a customer order-driven manufacturing. Conclusion - The authors believe that the basis of the case studys challenges is the lack of a holistic perspective. By obtaining an overall perspective, employees can see how the company's processes associats with each other. This would lead to a better understanding of various approaches and how these affect the company as a whole. Implications - The challenges identified are derived from a purchasing process perspective in a business with a customer order-driven manufacturing. The study focuses on a selected case study and it could therefore be other challenges that need to be investigated at other companies. However, the company must obtain an overall perspective before action can be taken. Keywords - customer order decoupling point, purchasing process, supply chain management, effective, process

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, May 1914. / Typewritten (carbon copy). Bibliography: p. 168-179.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, May 1914. / Typewritten (carbon copy). Bibliography: p. 168-179.

Knowledge-based economy time approached, has formed a reform wave of unrest to the modern enterprise. No matter what kind of enterprise, nearly wish they can use the knowledge to realizes the dream about enterprise innovation and eternal business. The purchases works is the major cost of the general manufacturing production, needs to guarantee the enterprise earnings maximized by the effective management. This research plan to analyze and discuss the feasibility about knowledge management application on engineering outsourcing of purchases procedure in the enterprise. The engineering outsourcing is dazzling, if the enterprise has not make a systematic plan before purchase, it will cause many problems in purchase process. Even after purchased will not meet the demand and unable situation of the use. In the past, the well-experienced engineering supervisor conducted all the plan of outsourcing project. As the matter of fact, the monitoring criteria between different supervisors are not consistent. Therefore the supervising quality wills effects the outsourcing progress and the cost transparency seriously. A good engineering plan shall define the engineering specification as clear as possible so that the suppliers can establish the quotation more transparently in accordance with the engineering specification. Due to transparent purchasing process, the supplier¡¦s quotation will not be exaggerated and the cost will be controlled easily, therefore the loss will be controlled in the reasonable edge. Facing the inquiry and bargain, the purchaser and purchasing supervisor determine the most beneficial choice in accordance with the accurate planning so that the cheating occurrence will be decreased as well. How to make an excellent engineering project? Except organize an excellent engineer team. And we need to use the modern knowledge management theory and supply the suitable information technology assistance to achieve the goal of knowledge inheritance. With the systematic accumulation, expanding and transition process, the freshmen can take over the engineering knowledge and then they will make the outsourcing process more transparent and decrease the unreasonable cost loss. This research via knowledge management related literature discussed, reorganizes the major five activities of knowledge management. And via depth interview method discovered that the engineering purchase related people were hold the positive attitude and willing to accept the knowledge management induct into the purchase process system. Moreover, this case needs construct the platform of knowledge management about engineering purchase related. According to this research, we trust that it may provide the correlation company a reference to induct knowledge management system of the engineering purchase.

Nowadays, switching to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is a promising way to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This research aims to explore consumers’ attitudes towards adopting PHEVs in the City of Winnipeg. The study attempts to identify social-technical factors affecting car buyers’ intention to purchase PHEVs, along with how attitudes, knowledge and experience affect preference for PHEVs. A further discussion of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) will justify the linkage between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and purchase intentions. Questionnaires were distributed to two groups of people: an expert group familiar with or having experience with electric vehicles and a non-expert group with less knowledge about electric vehicles. Given issues of charging infrastructure and driving range, these vehicles have the potential to alter the urban landscape. Results of the study are expected to provide insight into effective public policy options and PHEV adoption/acceptance by car buyers. / February 2017

Thesis (M.Com. (Research))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2015 / Amid the global drive to promote environmentally less threatening food production methods, marketers have been exposed to many opportunities as well as challenges, in their desire to profitably satisfy consumers‟ ever-changing needs and wants. In South Africa today, the organic food drive is budding, with key hypermarkets stocking an ever increasing collection of such foodstuffs. Of late, interest and consideration towards organically produced foodstuffs and purchasing intentions thereof have been augmenting in importance amongst many consumers, in their response to concerns about the effects of conventional farming practices on human health, environment, and food safety among others. As many consumers are increasingly becoming conscious about the positive benefits of non-conventional foodstuffs, marketers are now forced to devise new strategies that effectively incorporate these highly sought organic produces. For this reason, organic farming has been regarded as the best and most attractive alternative to inorganic farming and has led to the production of „new‟ foodstuffs. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the antecedents of consumer purchase intentions for organic food in Johannesburg, South Africa. This study used a survey questionnaire for primary data collection and the gathered data was used to quantitatively test the hypotheses. Through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) statistical software and by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the significance of the variables of this study was determined from a sample of 305 respondents across Johannesburg. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check model fit, reliability and validity of the measurement instruments while Path Modeling checked model fit and was ultimately used for hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that attitude was the key antecedent that provided the highest level of explained variance in consumer purchase intention for organic food while Woolworths was the most popular retail outlet for organic food. The findings of this study are thought to have contributed immensely to both theory and correspondingly informed practice. Likewise, the same results will continue to provide meaningful theoretical along with practical ramifications to concerned stakeholders. Indeed, it is also anticipated that the findings of this study will go a long way in guiding future research endeavours.

Because the change of the society and the raise of consumption level, people value the quality of life more and more, and when they make decisions o products, the quality of products and the customer services all affect their decisions . This situation also extends to hospitality, not only delicate diet but also customer service plays on important role in the purchase willingness of consumers. Customer service not only includes attendants¡¦ spirits and attitude, but also the decoration of retail stores, the taste of food, and the dress of attendants. Raising the quality of service helps the company credibility and consumer promise, and people will purchase and recommend the product because of the company credibility, and customers will support the company because of the consumer promise even if there are other lower price rival commodities they sill still support the company. The present research focuses on the service quality of coffee chain stores in Kaohsiung and analyze if the credibility and consumer promise affect the purchase willingness or not. For the method of the present research, the first step is the sampling surveys, which are totally 236 surveys, and the questions of the survey are the quality of service, the credibility, consumer promise, and the participants¡¦ information. Then, I analyze the data and discuss how the credibility and consumer promise affect the participant¡¦s evaluations to the service quality and the willingness of repurchase. The results show a significant relation between service quality and the willingness of repurchase, and the credibility and consumer promise also affect the willingness of repurchase partially. At the end of the present research are the discussion and suggestions for the future research.

¡§Consumer fantasy¡¨ is defined as consumers consume something for the sake of getting closer to or fulfilling his/her fantasies. Researchers focused on discussing specific products or services with this topic, most of them applied qualitative methods to understand the contents of fantasies and its causers. Albeit behaviorists proved that fantasies induce positive feelings and the direction of individuals¡¦ fantasies would be caused by the contents fantasies per se, literally few empirical studies have addressed on such topics. Thus, this thesis served two experiments as the discussion basis. Different texts (fantastic and informational) are used as the dependent variable, service types (enjoyable and utility) as the moderator and its effects on positive emotions and willingness of purchase are discussed as well. The outcomes of this research indicate that in utility service (car rental service) industries, positive emotions bred were not enormous. Yet in enjoyable service (travelling services) industries, fantastic information caused significantly more positive emotion than informational information. In the second experiment, the study discussed the relation between how information was provided, positive emotion and purchasing willingness with individual fantasy tendency as the moderator. Results indicate that for low fantasy tendency consumers, texts caused the least positive emotions, close results are documented in picture only and picture with texts. For high fantasy tendency consumers, significant positive emotions are recorded in both picture only and texts only. Thus consumers with different fantasy tendency will respond differently to different forms of information. In addition, this study also proved the significant relation between fantasy caused positive emotions and purchase willingness. According to the results of this thesis, it is suggested that firms manipulate consumer fantasy via advertisements for the sake of promoting consumption. Meanwhile, firms should understand fantasy tendencies of customers in order to plan effective marketing strategies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-315).