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La contraction de la liquidité et la paralysie des marchés interbancaires durant la crise de 2007 ont conduit à la dégradation des bilans des banques. En même temps les prêts bancaires et la production ont souffert de la baisse de demande. Le quasi-effondrement de Bear Steams et la faillite de Lehman Brothers peuvent être tous les deux caractérisés comme des chocs de liquidité qui ont eu un impact plus important sur les entreprises non financières étant financièrement fragiles. Entre 2008 et 2009 le Trésor américain a injecté des liquidités dans les institutions financières dans le cadre du Capital Purchase Program (CPP). Les résultats montrent que le CPP a favorisé les grandes banques dont la faillite potentie~e pouvait accroitre la ftagilité d'ensemble du secteur. Une telle répartition des fonds du CPP a été efficace du point de vue du contribuable car la probabilité de non-remboursement des fonds de sauvetage a été réduite au minimum. Cependant, les banques de petite taille qui avaient été effectivement exposées au marché hypothécaire et aux prêts non productifs se sont wes refuser l'aide financière. Enfin, l'efficacité du CPP a été analysée dans le chapitre 4 en termes de restauration d'offre de prêts bancaires. L'augmentation du niveau de capitalisation est associée à des taux de croissance de prêts plus élevés. Pendant la crise les banques-bénéfciaires du CPP ont montré les taux de croissance de prêts plus élevés que les banques qui n'ont pas bénéficié du CPP. En plus les banques-bénéficiaires du CPP qui ont rachetés leurs actions auprès du Trésor américain ont octroyé plus de prêts que les banques-bénéficiaires qui n'ont pas remboursé les fonds du CPP. / The drying-up of liquidity and freezing of the interbank markets during the crisis of 2007 1ed to the debasement of banks' balance sheets. At the same time, both bank lending and business production suffered from the drop in consumer demand. The near-collapse of Bear Stearns and failure of Lehman Brothers are both characterized as liquidity shocks that had a greater impact on financially fragile non-financial firms. In the second half of 2008, after a series of bankruptcies of large financial institutions, the U.S. Treasury poured capital infusions into domestic financial institutions under the Capital Purchase Program (CPP), thus helping to avert a complete collapse of the U.S. banking sector. Government regulators had to distinguish between those banks deserving of being bailed out and those that should be allowed to fail. The results of this study show that the CPP favored larger financial institutions whose potential failure represented higher degrees of systemic risk. This allocation of CPP funds was cost-effective from the point of view of taxpayers, as such banks reimbursed the government for their CPP bailouts sooner than expected. In contrast, smaller banks that were heavily into mortgage-backed securities, mortgages, and non¬performing loans were less likely to be bailed out. Finally, the effectiveness of the CPP is analyzed in chapter 4 in terms of restoring banks' loan provisions. Banks that have a higher level of capitalization tend to lend more both during the crisis and in normal rimes. Moreover, bailed-out banks that repurchased their shares from the V.S. Treasury provided more loans during the crisis than those banks that did not.

Marketing and brand are that recent activities by enterprises can be seen the company create value through two major tools in the future. Schmitt (1999) proposed the term experience marketing, making marketing pay more attention to the purchasing experience of consumers, especially, is to create a brand experience that the brand image of the way the customer in mind. In this study, we used computer show in 2010, ASUS exhibition as an example, try to understand whether the exhibition to move consumers through experience marketing and brand image in the mind, finally exhibition to stimulate consumers to buy goods. In this study, using a variety of analysis, we can get the following conclusion: 1. ASUS notebook can be divided into two major segments; The first is to purchase the more low-cost models based on the young population, the second was the purchase of high-level notebook. The consumption of Netbook also can be divided into groups. One is to buy more low-cost group of young students and the other purchase of a second computer for the convenience. 2. Respondents considered that the best brand image which they feel for the show: Use the ASUS computer to make me feel creatively, make yourself a credible image and audio-visual experience to meet the needs of the pursuit of customers. 3. Experience marketing helps brand image building and can be predicted it. When the respondents have more good experience in experiential marketing, the more we can build a brand image. And experience marketing, brand image and purchase intention is positively related between.

The diploma thesis deals with purchasing activities and fluency of information flow in the international company Zebra Technologies CZ s.r.o.. The aim is to create a methodology for indirect purchases of goods and services used by internal customers through catalog orders. The study includes a proposal for improving purchase activities efficiency, as well as the entire Procure-To-Pay cycle.

Many researchers have studied the interaction between choice overload and purchase intention resulting in mixed and sometimes contradictory results. This study extended the current knowledge and examined how rurality (rural vs. urban/suburban) among millennial consumers influences choice overload and purchase intention when presented with extensive or limited options. Using both quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews, the author studied consumer experiences to understand choice overload and purchase intention better. Overall, some of the results suggest a statistical difference between rural and urban/suburban participants in their feelings of choice overload. However, many of the results were small and unlikely to be of practical significance. Additionally, the interviews were analyzed and multiple themes emerged, including possible factors that may support prior meta-analytic conclusions about the nuance of choice overload.

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the possible difference in attitude toward sex in advertisements when used by familiar luxury or non-luxury brands. In addition to this, the aim is to further analyze whether genders form a different attitude and purchase intention towards sexually loaded ads and the impact of varying degrees of sexual imagery shown in the ad on the factors like purchase intention. Previous research was found regarding consumer attitude toward the ad and purchase intention in relation to sex in advertisements. However no previous research examined whether consumers form a different attitude and purchase intention depending on the brand type of either luxury or non-luxury utilizing it. Few studies were found to use familiar brands advertisements and instead focused on unfamiliar brand names. Therefore, our aim is to fill these above-mentioned gaps and make a contribution to the field of research regarding sexual content in advertising. To fill the gaps presented, the following research questions were formulated: Is there a difference in attitude and purchase intention between males and females in response to sexual images in ads? What is the impact on purchase intention from varying degrees of sexual imagery in ads? And is there a difference in consumer attitude towards ads with sexual content when used by luxury and non-luxury brands? The study uses a quantitative research approach and cross-sectional research design, collecting primary data through a self-completion online survey. The research philosophies adopted are a positivistic epistemological orientation and objectivistic ontological orientation. The sample was drawn via a systematic sampling method from the target population of students enrolled in programs at Umeå School of Business and Economics. 130 respondents participated and were divided into 4 groups that completed the same questionnaire however, each group responded to a different sexually charged ad, used by either luxury or non-luxury brands with varying degrees of sexual imagery. The question sets measured variables like perceived morality and ethicality in the ad, attitude toward the ad and purchase intention. Following the data collection, the data was analyzed with tools in Excel to calculate internal reliability with Cronbach’s alpha, correlation with Pearson’s correlation test and hypotheses testing with t-Tests. Findings indicate a significant difference in attitude and purchase intention between genders in response to sexual imagery in ads. Males show a more positive attitude and stronger purchase intention compared to females. The findings further suggest the varying degrees of sexual imagery in ads influence purchase intention among respondents, where a higher degree of sexual imagery decreases the purchase intention. However this is only statistically significant in relation to its use by luxury brands. The results show a significant difference in attitude toward the ads between luxury and non-luxury brands. The difference however is only significant in response to high degrees of sexual imagery in ads. Finally, the results suggest that ads using high degrees of sexual imagery by non-luxury brands are perceived as more acceptable compared to its use by luxury brands. The findings were used to contribute to implications on theory from previous research and contribute to business administration, specifically advertising strategy with sexual imagery. Findings imply that luxury brands should cautiously use ads with high degrees of sexual imagery due to the more extreme negative responses observed. Non-luxury brands contrarily could use more highly sexual ads with less negative reactions among consumers. This technique can be used to create attention and gain publicity.

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The incident, "Sanlu¡¦s poisonous powdered milk" was discovered in September in 2008. It was harmful to many baby's health and made them in risk. Thus, this event evoked the public's fears to milk products. And it also make public to pay attention to the test standard of food safety. And then Melamine derivatives out of the crisis had extended to the cream, protein powder, biscuits and other related food. It is also the most severe issue of public food safety incidents that public concern in recent years. The food safety crisis has expanded to the whole world, and caused panic across the consumer in many nations. Taiwan is also one of the countries affected by the incident. Therefore, this study intends to analyze and compare how the crisis affects consumer purchasing decisions before and after the incident, and to further explore the differences of decision factors among different groups of consumes. In this study, the "Consumer Purchasing Decision Model (EKB Model)" proposed by Engel, Kollat and Blackwell (1978) is adopted as a theoretical basis, "Information search" and "Select assessment" are selected from their third stage of "decision-making process" as two key decision objectives, then the impact of "Involvement" and "Lifestyle" to consumer purchasing decisions is analyzed. We try to collect the primary data through online and paper questionnaire surveys, and the qualified respondents are constrained to those consumers who have experience to buy melamine-contaminated milk products. Some statistical methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and T-test are used to analyze the effective survey data, and to explore the key factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. In this study, some appropriate market segments are first determined by clustering the involvement of consumers of milk products and consumer lifestyle, and then consumer behavior characteristics are analyzed for each market segment. Some research key findings and suggestions are stated as follows. 1. In-depth understanding of the differences and needs of different market segments, and prepare different marketing activities to different types of customers. 2. To increase consumer brand reliance by tagging food compliance certification on packaging or by providing after-sales warranty. 3. In addition to advertisement on general media, consumers are more and more relied on network evaluation. Hence, we can strengthen the marketing network by taking the advantages of internet promotion.

Inventory is that enterprises operate the indispensable goods, materials and equipments, inventory management and making policy for a quite important ring in business administration, the category of inventory management is very wide, there are also a lot of relevant documents, this research probes into the government undertaking under the circumstances that government's law of purchase is limited mainly, how to choose to purchase the way and build and purchase the rightest purchase way bestly. This research regards some government undertaking as the research object, take materials of this wide-band network modem ATU-R of company as an example, probe into the best way of purchasing, discover, under the current system, taking the competitive bidding way, because the result of the price that the market competes, the unit price of the award of bid is reduced year by year, can charge the advantage of saving the purchase cost, but because the purchasing case has one's tender accepted in the manufacturer all not the same each time, increasing will train and link and transport the cost in the future, propose considering and use selected bidding or call for bid restrictedly, make equipment to be simple to take, is it is it work simple and convenient to take to transport to link. In addition, this research utilizes the management theory of stocks, is it construct one order stock management style of spread delivery, expect in meet service level make stock total cost for being most low to build, discover, the materials of company's wide-band network modem ATU-R of the case, are suitable for adopting and ordering the management style of stocks regularly, best to order cycle one day, only for cooperate with supplies make an inventory the homework regularly every month such as Company such as case, order cycle and change to for 30 days, under meeting the service level that the case company sets up, the consumption that its safe stock should have three weeks at least, the supreme stock is 79,013 in busy season, the supreme stock is 61,425 usually. Company's personnel cost of the case increases year by year, and face privatization, personnel might in a large amount from retreat, the human resources fall short gradually, under the circumstances that other conditions do not change, it is 60 days to order cycle and extend, its total stock cost is average to only increase by 126,807 yuan every year, the case company depends on in the future visual manpower uses the situation, consider adopting for two months and ordering and taking second place in the order way.

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