Final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2016.03.001 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19928号 / 医博第4148号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33014 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 松田 秀一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The genetic information found in each species of organism is unique, and can be used as a tool to differentiate at the molecular level. This has caused rapid genotyping methods to become the cornerstone of a new area of research dependent on reading the genome as a form of identification. One of these specific identification methods, known as pyroprinting, relies on the small variation of DNA sequences within the same species to develop a unique, reproducible fingerprint. By simultaneously pyrosequencing multiple polymorphic loci within the ribosomal operons known as the intergenic transcribed spacers, a reproducible output is obtained, known as a pyroprint, which can be used like a fingerprint to identify that organism. This section of the genome not only differs between species but also between isolated bacteria within that species, allowing for the differentiation of species subtypes, referred to as strains. While this is a viable method for generating reproducible fingerprints from individual strains it may be possible to obtain identical fingerprints from non-identical organisms. The following report uses direct sequence comparison and in silico pyrosequencing of E. coli isolates housed in the Center for Applications in Biotechnology at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo that have matching pyroprints to show that it is possible to receive near identical pyroprints from non-identical sequences of intergenic transcribed spacers. Although the exact likelihood and cause of this false positive result remains undetermined due to limitations in the sequencing method, its existence questions the accuracy of using pyroprints of the ITS regions as a method of strain classification.