Problem: What are the most critical activities for process industry? Whether general view of impact of these value chain activities on product performance (quality, cost and innovation) applied to process industry? How do those activities impact to product performances? If they cannot affect product performance, what could be the reason behind it?   Purpose: This paper aims to conclude general view of impact of value chain activities on product performances (quality, cost and innovation). Accordingly we would create a conceptual model. And then test whether this model applies for process industry and further more figure out the reason behind through case study.   Methodology: In this paper, qualitative research is our approach. We choose single case study as research strategy and conduct three interviews. Documentation and interview data are collected and analyzed to provide theoretical framework and empirical evidence for the whole paper.     Result: Based on case study, and previous work, the model concerning impact of major activities for process industry (Marketing sales, Human Resource and Supplier management) on product performances (Quality, Cost and Innovation) is derived. This model contains answers to nine hypotheses assumed in theoretical part, giving reader a new and easy way to understand process industry.        Conclusions: Distinguished from other industry, process industry with its own unique characteristics does not lend support to all nine hypotheses. Fundamental analysis proved that some assumptions do not establish for process industry while the others may have more significant relationships. To be specific, there exists strong impact of human resource on product quality and cost, supplier management on product cost and also marketing and sales on product quality. But, to our surprise, the other assumed relationships are not that significant while product innovation has adverse affect on marketing and sales.

[pt] As tecnologias de imageamento em três dimensões (3D) vêm tendo seu uso cada vez mais disseminado no meio acadêmico e no setor industrial, especialmente na forma de nuvens de pontos, uma representação matemática da geometria e superfície de um objeto ou área. No entanto, a obtenção desses dados pode ainda ser cara e demorada, reduzindo a eficiência de muitos procedimentos que são dependentes de um grande conjunto de nuvens de pontos, como a geração de datasets para treinamento de aprendizagem de máquina, cálculo de dossel florestal e inspeção submarina. Uma solução atualmente em voga é a criação de simuladores computacionais de sistemas de imageamento, realizando o escaneamento virtual de um cenário feito a partir de arquivos de objetos 3D. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um simulador de sistema LiDAR (light detection and ranging) baseado em algoritmos de rastreamento de raio com paralelismo (GPU raytracing), com o sensor virtual modelado por parâmetros metrológicos e calibrado por meio de comparação com um sensor real, juntamente com um gerador flexível de cenários virtuais. A combinação destas ferramentas no simulador resultou em uma geração robusta de nuvens de pontos sintéticas em cenários diversos, possibilitando a criação de datasets para uso em testes de conceitos, combinação de dados reais e virtuais, entre outras aplicações. / [en] Three dimensional (3D) imaging technologies have been increasingly used in academia and in the industrial sector, especially in the form of point clouds, a mathematical representation of the geometry and surface of an object or area. However, obtaining this data can still be expensive and time consuming, reducing the efficiency of many procedures dependent on a large set of point clouds, such as the generation of datasets for machine learning training, forest canopy calculation and subsea survey. A trending solution is the development of computer simulators for imaging systems, performing the virtual scanning of a scenario made from 3D object files. At the end of this process, synthetic point clouds are obtained. This work presents the development of a LiDAR system simulator (light detection and ranging) based on parallel ray tracing algorithms (GPU raytracing), with its virtual sensor modeled by metrological parameters. A way of calibrating the sensor is displayed, by comparing it with the measurements of a real LiDAR sensor, in addition to surveying error models to increase the realism of the virtual scan. A flexible scenario creator was also implemented to facilitate interaction with the user. The combination of these tools in the simulator resulted in a robust generation of synthetic point clouds in different scenarios, enabling the creation of datasets for use in concept tests, combining real and virtual data, among other applications.

La tesi esamina la tendenza degli ultimi anni alla verticalizzazione della contrattazione; come dal centralismo di quella di livello nazionale si sia passati in maniera sempre più sostanziale ed in stretta correlazione con la competitività del sistema produttivo, al decentramento della contrattazione a livello regionale e provinciale fino al livello aziendale. Si affronta l’evoluzione, iniziata già dagli anni ’90 con il susseguirsi di vari Accordi Interconfederali e Protocolli sottoscritti da Governo e Parti Sociali, dei processi di contrattazione territoriale al fine di attivare nuove iniziative imprenditoriali e creare occupazione in un ambiente economico favorevole ma in aree insufficientemente sviluppate o interessate da gravi crisi occupazionali. Successivamente viene esaminato il ruolo fondamentale delle retribuzioni incentivanti in connessione a indicatori di produttività, redditività, qualità, efficienza ed innovazione. Si passa dunque ad affrontare il caso paradigmatico FIAT che ha notevolmente influenzato il processo di ampliamento dei margini di applicazione della contrattazione decentrata per finire ad esaminare gli accordi interconfederali più recenti che promuovono l’utilizzo della contrattazione di secondo livello come volano per la crescita e la competitività sul territorio delle aziende, per lo sviluppo del welfare contrattuale ed aziendale, come nel caso di Luxottica. / The thesis examines the trend of recent years in the verticalization of bargaining; as from the centralism of that of national level has been passed in an increasingly substantial and in close correlation with the competitiveness of the production system, the decentralization of bargaining at the regional and provincial level up to the company level. The evolution, which began as early as the 1990s with the succession of various interconfederal agreements and protocols signed by the Government and the Social Partners, of the territorial bargaining processes in order to activate new business initiatives and create employment in a favorable economic environment, but in areas insufficiently developed or affected by serious employment crises. Subsequently, the fundamental role of incentive remuneration in connection with indicators of productivity, profitability, quality, efficiency and innovation is examined. Thus, the FIAT paradigm case is moved, which has greatly influenced the process of widening the margins of application of decentralized bargaining to end up examining the most recent inter-federal agreements that promote the use of second-level bargaining as a driving force for growth and competitiveness on the territory of companies, for the development of contractual and corporate welfare, as in the case of Luxottica.