Several finite dimensional quasi-probability representations of quantum states have been proposed to study various problems in quantum information theory and quantum foundations. These representations are often defined only on restricted dimensions and their physical significance in contexts such as drawing quantum-classical comparisons is limited by the non-uniqueness of the particular representation. In this thesis it is shown how the mathematical theory of frames provides a unified formalism which accommodates all known quasi-probability representations of finite dimensional quantum systems. It is also shown that any quasi-probability representation is equivalent to a frame representation and it is proven that any such representation of quantum mechanics must exhibit either negativity or a deformed probability calculus. Along the way, the connection between negativity and two other famous notions of non-classicality, namely contextuality and nonlocality, is clarified.

The research in this thesis involves the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticle catalysts for oxidation reactions. It includes two projects: 1) polymer-stabilized Au, Pd and bimetallic AuPd nanoparticle catalysts for alcohol oxidation reactions, and 2) oxidative stabilities and catalytic activities of thiolate- and dithiolate-protected Au monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs).<p>n the first project, alcohol oxidations under mild conditions using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Au, Pd and bimetallic AuPd nanoparticle catalysts in aqueous solutions have been investigated. The catalytic activities of the nanoparticles towards the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-buten-1-ol and 1,4-butanediol indicate that bimetallic 1:3 Au:Pd nanoparticles have higher catalytic activities than Au, Pd and other bimetallic AuPd nanoparticles, and that selectivities towards specific products can often be tuned using bimetallic particles. In addition, advantages and disadvantages for the use of such nanoparticle catalysts as mild, environmentally-friendly oxidation catalysts have been examined. This work has recently been published in the Journal of Catalysis.<p>In the second project, 1-dodecanethiolate-, dithiolate-, and 1:1 mixed 1-dodecanethiolate/dithiolate-protected Au MPCs have been synthesized and their thermal stability, oxidative stability in the presence of oxygen and cyanide anions have been studied. These systematic investigations reveal the stability of Au MPCs can be tuned by choosing different thiolate ligands and oxidation conditions. Partially-oxidized thiolate-protected Au MPCs which have substrate-accessible surfaces and are stabilized by residual thiolate ligands show indications they will be promising catalysts. The catalytic activities of 1-dodecanethiolate-, dithiolate-, and 1:1 mixed 1-dodecanethiolate/dithiolate-protected Au MPCs for catalytic 4-nitrophenol reduction with sodium borohydride were investigated, and all the Au MPCs showed high catalytic activity for this reaction.

<p>This thesis reviews the experimental investigation of a non-smooth dynamical system consisting of two pendula; a large pendulum attached to a frame with an impact wall, and a small pendulum, which shares its axis of rotation with the large pendulum and can impact against the large pendulum. The system is forced with a sinusoidal horizontal motion, and due to the nonlinearities present in pendula as well as the discontinuous forcing from impacts, exhibits a wide range of behavior. Periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic responses all are possible, hysteresis is present, and grazing bifurcations allow for spontaneous change of behavior and the appearance of chaotic responses without following a traditional route to chaos. This thesis follows from existing non-linear dynamics research on forced pendula, impacting systems (such as a bouncing ball) and doubly impacting systems (ball bouncing on top of a bouncing ball).</p> / Thesis

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a high power, compact all solid-state blue laser, which is applicable in micro machining, LIDA, underwater ranging, biochemical techniques and so forth. The passive Q-switching technique, which is known to be a low-cost and simple method to raise the laser peak power was employed in this thesis. In the mean time, the intracavity-doubling technique was integrated to achieve the non-linear frequency conversion for generating blue laser at low cost. Based on our research finding, the reabsorption loss due to thermal effect and a paucity of suppression at wavelength of 1064 nm on laser mirrors could cause the four-level oscillation at 1064 nm instead of three-level oscillation at 914nm. Improvement in heat dissipating system, and suppression at wavelength of 1064 nm on mirror coating has led to a success in developing a quasi-three-level blue laser with peak power of 114W at wavelength 473 nm. A modified rate equation model of the quasi-three level passively Q-switched blue lasers was developed as well, in which the influence of the re-absorption loss in the gain medium and its intracavity frequency doubling were both considered. The influence of reabsorption loss upon the laser power deduction was studied by numerical simulation in order to optimize the laser performance.

Thesis--University of Helsinki, 1994. / N° de "Annales Academiae scientiarum Fennicae. Series A1, Mathematica. Dissertationes", ISSN 0355-0087, (1994)94. Bibliogr. p. 46-48.

Οι E P de Jager and H P Kuenzi περιέγραψαν όλα τα άτομα του πλήρους δικτυωτού, το οποίο αποτελείται από το σύνολο όλων των ημι ομοιομόρφων δομών, σε ένα σύνολο Χ, εφοδιασμένο με το περιέχεσθαι. Σε αυτή την εργασία κατασκευάζουμε την ημι ομοιόμορφη δομή που παράγεται από άτομο, στον συναρτησιακό χώρο F(X,Y), και βρίσκουμε την επαγώμενη τοπολογία. Ολοκληρώνουμε την εργασία αυτή παρουσιάζοντας ανοιχτά προβλήματα πάνω στο αντικείμενο. / E P de Jager and H P Kuenzi described all atoms of the complete lattice which consistes of the set of all quasi uniformities on a set X, equipped with the set theoretic inclusion. In this project we consider the function space F(X,Y) and we construct the quasi uniformity of the atom quasi uniform convergence, and we then find the induced topology. We finish by setting some open problems.

The power supply designers choose flyback topology due to its promising features of design simplicity, cost effectiveness and multiple outputs handling capability. The designed product based on flyback topology should be smaller in size, cost effective and energy efficient. Similarly, designers focus on reducing the circuit losses while operating at high frequencies that affect the converter efficiency and performance. Based on the above circumstances, an energy efficient open loop high frequency flyback converter is designed and operated in MHz frequency region using step down multilayer PCB planar transformer. The maximum efficiency of 84.75% is observed and maximum output power level reached is 22.8W. To overcome the switching losses, quasi-resonant soft switching technique is adopted and a high voltage CoolMOS power transistor is used.

This dissertation examines the response of piezoelectric material strain to electron flux influence. A plate of PZT5h is prepared as the specimen. The positive electrode is removed, and the negative electrode is connected to a power amplifier. Sixteen strain gages are attached as the strain sensor. The specimen is placed in a vacuum chamber, then the positive side is illuminated by electron beam. The characteristic of the static strain response is predicted by deriving the equation strain/deflection of the plate. Two methods are used, the Electro-Mechanical Equations and numerical analysis using Finite Element Method. The settings of the electron gun system (energy and emission current), along with the electric potential of the negative electrode (back-pressure), are varied to examine piezoelectric material responses under various conditions. Several material characteristics are examined: current flow to and from the material, time response of material strain, charge and strain distribution, and blooming. Results from these experiments suggest several conditions control the strain development in piezoelectric material. The current flow and strain on the material is stable if the backpressure voltage is positive. As a comparison, the current flow is small and the strain drifts down if the backpressure voltage is significantly negative. The material needs only 1 second to follow a positive step in backpressure voltage, but needs almost 1 minute to respond to a negative step backpressure change. This phenomenon is a result of secondary electron emission change and the energy transfer from the primary electrons to the local electrons on the material. The time needed to achieve steady state condition is also a dependent of emission current. After a period of time the primary electron incidence induces strain throughout the 7.5-cm-by-5-cm plate despite the fact that the beam diameter is only 1 cm2. One possibility is blooming due to electron movement under intense electric fields in the dielectric material.

Lemieux recently proposed a new approach that studies randomized quasi-Monte Carlothrough dependency concepts. By analyzing the dependency structure of a rank-1 lattice,Lemieux proposed a copula-based criterion with which we can find a ???good generator??? for the lattice. One drawback of the criterion is that it assumes that a given function can be well approximated by a bilinear function. It is not clear if this assumption holds in general. In this thesis, we assess the validity and robustness of the copula-based criterion. We dothis by working with bilinear functions, some practical problems such as Asian option pricing, and perfectly non-bilinear functions. We use the quasi-regression technique to study how bilinear a given function is. Beside assessing the validity of the bilinear assumption, we proposed the bilinear regression based criterion which combines the quasi-regression and the copula-based criterion. We extensively test the two criteria by comparing them to other well known criteria, such as the spectral test through numerical experiments. We find that the copula criterion can reduce the error size by a factor of 2 when the functionis bilinear. We also find that the copula-based criterion shows competitive results evenwhen a given function does not satisfy the bilinear assumption. We also see that our newly introduced BR criterion is competitive compared to well-known criteria.

以貝式方法處理部分區分(partially-classified)失去部分訊息資料的類別抽樣(categorical sampling with censored data)大部分皆建立在“無價值性失去部分訊息的類別資料”(non-informative censored categorical data)與“誠實回答”(truthful reporting)的前提下。Jiang (1995)取消這兩個假設，提出類似Makov & Smith(1977)和Smith & Makov(1978)對混合分配(mixture distribution)所用之準貝式法(quasi-Bayes method)來得到近似解。而本文將討Jiang提出之準貝式法的收斂性，及考慮先驗分配對估計精準度的影響。