This study investigates variable positioning of adverbs in compound verb tenses in vernacular Quebec French using the sociolinguistic framework of Variation Theory (Weinreich et al. 1968; Labov 1969). While variable adverb placement is addressed in both the prescriptive and linguistic literature, whether their explanations for it hold in practice remains to be determined; quantitative research of this phenomenon in usage-based corpora is limited, and rare in French. The research objectives are therefore to determine the productivity of variable adverb placement in French in these verbal contexts, to uncover the linguistic and/or social factors which constrain it, and to evaluate the extent to which current treatments of this variable in the literature accurately reflect what occurs in speech. Data is thus extracted from a corpus of spontaneous discourse, is coded for several linguistic and social factors, and is quantitatively analysed using standard variationist methodology (Poplack & Tagliamonte 2001). Overall rates of variant use suggest that variable adverb placement is robust, with adverbs occurring just slightly more frequently after the past participle than between the auxiliary and the participle; placement at the beginning of the sentence is rare. The results of the distributional and multivariate analyses largely confirm the purported conditioning effects of the tested linguistic factors, suggesting that prescriptive and theoretical linguistic approaches are generally correct in their accounts of this phenomenon. However, closer investigation reveals these effects to be sensitive to the lexical identity of the adverb, namely, their particular placement preferences; once these positioning predilections are taken into consideration, the conditioning effects of the linguistic factors essentially disappear. Sociodemographic factors are also found to be mildly implicated in variable adverb placement, and these too are sensitive to the influence of the lexical identity of the adverb. Ultimately, it is argued that this variable is primarily lexically-constrained, a finding which can be only minimally and indirectly inferred from the relevant literature. Taken together, the results of this study provide new and vital insight into the mechanisms underlying variable adverb placement in French, and also highlight the importance of quantitatively investigating such variable language phenomena in corpora of vernacular speech.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University, 1998. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. Includes bibliographical references.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão,. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2015. / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-17T03:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 336240.pdf: 2289436 bytes, checksum: ef01a4422e4898ccf0becaa6c32fe7e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Minha thesis, na denotação grega do termo, emerge da relação que estabeleço entre a noção de tradução&paratradução, proposta por Yuste Frías (2014, 2012, 2010, 2007), com um documento iconotextual publicado em um jornal quebequense, mais propriamente uma charge. Examinarei rastros, pistas e fragmentos com o objetivo de definir a identidade do objeto de estudo examinado. Para fazê-lo partirei de duas proposições: (i) a primeira, de cunho mais geral, convida à substituição da epistemologia do saber ? binarista e positivista, sublinhada nos séculos XIX e XX e herdada por setores dos Estudos da Linguagem, por uma visão voltada à sociologia do conhecimento, conduzindo à consideração da validade ideológica, antropológica e sociológica dos conteúdos presentes no objeto de estudo; (ii) a segunda proposição aponta para a suposição de que as produções da imprensa são manipuladas por instâncias políticas, antropológicas e sociológicas que, por sua vez, incidem sobre as forças dinamogênicas que definem estes registros, gerando processo de retroalimentação. Afim de abordar a segunda suposição de forma mais direta, ao longo da pesquisa, esboçarei graficamente a visão de uma entidade ?A? oscilatória que ora se afasta, ora se aproxima de seu ponto de referência imitando uma espiral, cujo suposto centro oscila de acordo com o movimento de suas margens. No quesito metodologia, a noção de tradução&paratradução me permitirá a análise da entidade iconotextual à ótica zoom e, progressivamente, em suas extensões e detalhes mais salientes. Toda e qualquer centralidade será considerada como inerentemente flutuante, posto que será definida por seus entornos peritextuais e epitextuais em constantes evoluções (leia-se ?fricções?) situadas entre margens sensatas e transgressoras Barthes (1990).<br> / Abstract : My thesis, according to the Hellenic denotation of the term, emerges from the relationship that I propose to establish between the notion of translation&paratranslation proposed para Yuste Frías (2014, 2012, 2010, 2007), from an iconotextual document published in a Quebec newspaper, a political cartoon. I propose to examine traces, tracks and fragments in order to define the identity of the examined corpus. To do this, I start from two assumptions: (i) The first, more general, I invite my readers to replace the epistemology of knowledge - binarist, and positivist, developed during the nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries and inherited by Linguistics - by a vision focused on the sociology of knowledge, which leads to the consideration of the ideological, anthropological and sociological validity of the corpus; (ii) the second hypothesis suggests the press productions would be similarly guided to political, anthropological and sociological bodies that reflect on the dynamogenics forces that shape its records and that trigger retro supply process. To better address the second assumption, I suggest to scratch the vision of an entity "A" oscillatory that, at the time, deviates and approaching its reference point in the form of a spiral. The methodology is centred in the notion of translation&paratranslation, now inseparable, lead me to the analysis of iconotextuel entity examined in the optical zoom and then after in its extensions, and important details. Any centrality will be considered unsinkable, as it will be defined by its peritexts and epitexts environments in constant changing (read "frictions") between the sensitive and transgressive margins Barthes (1990).

This study investigates variable positioning of adverbs in compound verb tenses in vernacular Quebec French using the sociolinguistic framework of Variation Theory (Weinreich et al. 1968; Labov 1969). While variable adverb placement is addressed in both the prescriptive and linguistic literature, whether their explanations for it hold in practice remains to be determined; quantitative research of this phenomenon in usage-based corpora is limited, and rare in French. The research objectives are therefore to determine the productivity of variable adverb placement in French in these verbal contexts, to uncover the linguistic and/or social factors which constrain it, and to evaluate the extent to which current treatments of this variable in the literature accurately reflect what occurs in speech. Data is thus extracted from a corpus of spontaneous discourse, is coded for several linguistic and social factors, and is quantitatively analysed using standard variationist methodology (Poplack & Tagliamonte 2001). Overall rates of variant use suggest that variable adverb placement is robust, with adverbs occurring just slightly more frequently after the past participle than between the auxiliary and the participle; placement at the beginning of the sentence is rare. The results of the distributional and multivariate analyses largely confirm the purported conditioning effects of the tested linguistic factors, suggesting that prescriptive and theoretical linguistic approaches are generally correct in their accounts of this phenomenon. However, closer investigation reveals these effects to be sensitive to the lexical identity of the adverb, namely, their particular placement preferences; once these positioning predilections are taken into consideration, the conditioning effects of the linguistic factors essentially disappear. Sociodemographic factors are also found to be mildly implicated in variable adverb placement, and these too are sensitive to the influence of the lexical identity of the adverb. Ultimately, it is argued that this variable is primarily lexically-constrained, a finding which can be only minimally and indirectly inferred from the relevant literature. Taken together, the results of this study provide new and vital insight into the mechanisms underlying variable adverb placement in French, and also highlight the importance of quantitatively investigating such variable language phenomena in corpora of vernacular speech.

The main aim of this theses is to explore current academic discourse about multiculturalism and to evaluate these theories. Then the second aim is to compare and contrast the theory and the reality in Quebec and Canada, the possibility of the national identity survival is examined.

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