Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-03T22:56:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoWaylandTorresSilva_TESE.pdf: 3255016 bytes, checksum: 1c9f68f3968c7c1bdbdc4119bde6f919 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-05T20:16:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoWaylandTorresSilva_TESE.pdf: 3255016 bytes, checksum: 1c9f68f3968c7c1bdbdc4119bde6f919 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T20:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoWaylandTorresSilva_TESE.pdf: 3255016 bytes, checksum: 1c9f68f3968c7c1bdbdc4119bde6f919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / Os centros de lan?amento e rastreio t?m por finalidade realizar atividades cient?ficas e comerciais com ve?culos aeroespaciais. Os Sistemas de Rastreio de Foguetes (SRF) integram a infraestrutura desses centros, sendo respons?veis pela coleta e processamento dos dados da trajet?ria dos ve?culos. Os sensores dos SRFs normalmente s?o Radares com Refletores Parab?licos (RRPs), mas tamb?m ? poss?vel usar radares com arranjos de antenas, chamados de Arranjos de Varredura (AVs), originando os Radares com Arranjos de Varredura (RAVs). Nos AVs, o sinal de alimenta??o de cada elemento radiante do arranjo pode ser ajustado para fazer o controle eletr?nico do diagrama de radia??o, a fim de aumentar as funcionalidades e reduzir as manuten??es do sistema. Com isso, nos projetos de implanta??o e reutiliza??o de RAVs, a modelagem est? sujeita a v?rias combina??es de sinais de alimenta??o, produzindo um problema de otimiza??o complexo, devido ao grande n?mero de solu??es dispon?veis. Para solucionar tal problema, ? poss?vel usar m?todos de otimiza??o off-line, tais como Algoritmos Gen?ticos (AGs), cujas solu??es calculadas s?o armazenadas para aplica??es on-line. Nesse contexto, o m?todo do Algoritmo Gen?tico com Crossover M?ximo-M?nimo (Genetic Algorithm with Maximum-Minimum Crossover - GAMMC) foi usado para desenvolver o algoritmo GAMMC-P, que otimiza a etapa de modelagem do controle do diagrama de radia??o de AVs planares. Comparado a um AG com recombina??o convencional, o GAMMC tem uma abordagem diferente, pois realiza a recombina??o de indiv?duos mais aptos com indiv?duos menos aptos, para aumentar a diversidade gen?tica da popula??o, evitando a converg?ncia prematura, aumentando o fitness e reduzindo o tempo de processamento. Assim, o GAMMC-P utiliza um algoritmo reconfigur?vel, com m?ltiplos objetivos, codifica??o real diferenciada e o operador gen?tico MMC, tendo atingido com sucesso os requisitos propostos para diferentes condi??es de opera??o de um RAV planar. / Launching centers are designed for scientific and commercial activities with aerospace vehicles. Rockets Tracking Systems (RTS) are part of the infrastructure of these centers and they are responsible for collecting and processing the data trajectory of vehicles. Generally, Parabolic Reflector Radars (PRRs) are used in RTS. However, it is possible to use radars with antenna arrays, or Phased Arrays (PAs), so called Phased Arrays Radars (PARs). Thus, the excitation signal of each radiating element of the array can be adjusted to perform electronic control of the radiation pattern in order to improve functionality and maintenance of the system. Therefore, in the implementation and reuse projects of PARs, modeling is subject to various combinations of excitation signals, producing a complex optimization problem due to the large number of available solutions. In this case, it is possible to use offline optimization methods, such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs), to calculate the problem solutions, which are stored for online applications. Hence, the Genetic Algorithm with Maximum-Minimum Crossover (GAMMC) optimization method was used to develop the GAMMC-P algorithm that optimizes the modeling step of radiation pattern control from planar PAs. Compared with a conventional crossover GA, the GAMMC has a different approach from the conventional one, because it performs the crossover of the fittest individuals with the least fit individuals in order to enhance the genetic diversity. Thus, the GAMMC prevents premature convergence, increases population fitness and reduces the processing time. Therefore, the GAMMC-P uses a reconfigurable algorithm with multiple objectives, different coding and genetic operator MMC. The test results show that GAMMC-P reached the proposed requirements for different operating conditions of a planar RAV.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValdezAAF_TESE.pdf: 2001050 bytes, checksum: d0f0b88178102c3f48880303c1c6d765 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aims to show how the application of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) in planar antenna arrays become an alternative to obtain desired radiation characteristics from changes in radiation parameters of the arrays, such as bandwidth, gain and directivity. In addition to analyzing these parameters is also made a study of the mutual coupling between the elements of the array. To accomplish this study, were designed a microstrip antenna array with two patch elements, fed by a network feed. Another change made in the array was the use of the truncated ground plane, with the objective of increasing the bandwidth and miniaturize the elements of the array. In order to study the behavior of frequency selective surfaces applied in antenna arrays, three different layouts were proposed. The first layout uses the FSS as a superstrate (above the array). The second layout uses the FSS as reflector element (below the array). The third layout is placed between two FSS. Numerical and experimental results for each of the proposed configurations are presented in order to validate the research / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar como a aplica??o de superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia (FSS) em arranjos de antenas planares se torna uma alternativa interessante para se obter caracter?sticas de radia??o desejadas, a partir de altera??es em par?metros de radia??o dos arranjos, tais como largura de banda, ganho e diretividade. Al?m de analisar esses par?metros, tamb?m ? feito o estudo do acoplamento m?tuo entre os elementos do arranjo. Para realizar tal estudo, foi projetado um arranjo de antenas de microfita, com dois elementos do tipo patch, alimentado por uma rede de alimenta??o. Outra modifica??o feita no arranjo foi a utiliza??o do plano de terra truncado, com o objetivo de aumentar a largura de banda e miniaturizar os elementos do arranjo. Para poder estudar o comportamento das superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia aplicadas em arranjos de antenas, foram propostos tr?s layouts diferentes. O primeiro layout consiste em utilizar a FSS como superstrato (acima do arranjo). O segundo consiste em utilizar a FSS como elemento refletor (abaixo do arranjo). O terceiro layout consiste em colocar o arranjo entre duas camadas de FSS, tanto em cima quanto abaixo. Resultados num?ricos e experimentais para cada uma das configura??es propostas s?o apresentados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Leandro Galzerano.pdf: 1398173 bytes, checksum: 3b9bc8540a1e5f744b54fffefe6a7828 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work was carried out in order to obtain subsidies under the definition of strategies for nitrogen fertilization of pastures of tifton 85, based on monitoring the dynamics changes in the structure of swards. The underlying assumption was that the application of increasing levels of N is a powerful tool for that purpose. The experiment was developed over a Planosol of occurrence in the experimental field of the Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, city of Serop?dica, Brazil, during the establishment of the pasture, between the months of October, 2006 to January 2007. Treatments consisted of four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N-urea. ha-1), in single application, in plots of 4 x 4 m, arranged in blocks fully randomized, with four repetitions. Together with nitrogen fertilization, the plots received 80 kg P.ha-1 and 150 kg K.ha-1, and Ca as calcareo (1.0 tn.ha-1). The variables were: frequency of occurrence of plants; height of the canopy, leaf growth and leaf area index (LAI), the interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the production and partition of dry matter. The results showed that the frequency of occurrence, height and interception of PAR varied according to a standard logistic, whose parameters have been modified to a greater or lesser degree, by the levels of N added. Similarly, at the 87 days after planting, the LAI and the total dry matter produced, but not its partition between leaves and stems, responded to changes in N mineral available in the soil. It was concluded that the application of increasing levels of Nurea, during the establishment of grass tifton 85 was an efficient experimental strategy for the induction of quantitative changes during the development time of swards structure. / O presente trabalho foi realizado com o prop?sito de definir estrat?gias de aduba??o nitrogenada em pastagens de tifton 85, baseadas no monitoramento de mudan?as din?micas na estrutura dos doss?is forrageiros. O experimento foi desenvolvido numa ?rea de Planossolo no campo experimental da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ, durante a fase de estabelecimento da pastagem, entre os meses de outubro de 2006 a janeiro de 2007. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro n?veis de N (0; 50; 100 e 150 kg N-ur?ia.ha-1), em aplica??o ?nica, dispostos em parcelas de 4 x 4 m, arranjadas em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repeti??es. Em conjunto com a aduba??o nitrogenada, as parcelas receberam 80 kg P.ha-1 e 150 kg K.ha-1. O solo foi corrigido com 1,0 tn.ha-1 de calc?reo. As vari?veis estudadas foram: freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia de plantas; altura do dossel, crescimento foliar e ?ndice de ?rea foliar (IAF), intercepta??o de radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) e produ??o e parti??o da mat?ria seca. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia; altura e a intercepta??o de RFA variaram temporalmente de acordo com um padr?o log?stico, cujos par?metros foram modificados, em maior ou menor grau, pelos n?veis de N adicionados. De forma similar, aos 87 dias p?s- plantio, o IAF e a mat?ria seca total produzida, mas n?o a sua parti??o entre folhas e colmos, responderam ?s varia??es do N mineral dispon?vel no solo. Foi conclu?do que a aplica??o de n?veis crescentes de Nur?ia, durante a fase de estabelecimento do capim tifton 85 foi uma estrat?gia experimental eficiente para a indu??o de varia??es quantitativas durante o desenvolvimento temporal da estrutura dos doss?is.

This work is about suggestion of the software for neural network based image segmentation. It defines basic terms for this topics. It is focusing mainly at preperation imaging information for image segmentation using neural network. It describes and compares different aproaches for image segmentation.