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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Safety of medical device users : a study of physiotherapists' practices, procedures and risk perception

Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar January 2011 (has links)
Aims: To study practices and procedures with respect to electrotherapy in physiotherapy departments and to study physiotherapists’ perception of health risk, health consequences and protection of health from different risks including electromagnetic field emissions from electrotherapy devices. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three phases from June 2002 to December 2003. The first phase was an audit of the practices and procedures regarding electrotherapy in National Health Service physiotherapy departments (N = 46 including 7 departments in pilot study) located in 12 counties in the southeast and southwest of England including Greater London. The second phase comprised one observational visit to each of the same physiotherapy departments to characterise their occupational environment. The third phase was a questionnaire survey of 584 physiotherapists working in these departments. Variables concerned perception of health risk, health consequences and protection of health associated with different risk factors. Results: In the first two phases, the recruitment rate of the departments was 80.7% (46 out of 57) and response rate of those recruited was 100% (n=46). The response rate for the last phase of the study was 66.8% (390 out of 584). Results of the practices and procedures audit show that ultrasound was the most common form of electrotherapy while microwave diathermy was neither available nor used in these departments. Pulsed shortwave diathermy was used 4-5 days per week while continuous shortwave diathermy was used rarely. Electrotherapy was provided to up to 50% of patients per week in the departments. The observational visits to the departments revealed that there were metallic objects within close proximity of diathermy equipment and wooden treatment couches for treatment with PSWD and CSWD were rare. The risk perception survey showed that physiotherapists generally perceived a moderate health risk and health consequences (harm) from exposure to EMF emissions from electrotherapy devices. Protection from EMFs in physiotherapy departments was generally perceived as ‘usually’ possible. Conclusions: Physiotherapy departments report safe electrotherapy practices. Use of diathermy devices that use RF EMFs is declining. The key predictors of physiotherapists’ perception of health risk were perception of health consequences and vice versa. Gender was a significant predictor of the perception of health risks and health consequences. The main predictor of perception of protection against risk was the knowledge of environmental and health issues. Latent dimensions of perceptions of health risk, health consequences and protection from risk were identified and confirmed and their predictors were determined.
2

Effets sanitaires des champs électromagnétiques et tumeurs du système nerveux central / Health effects of electromagnetic fields and tumors of the central nervous system

Coureau, Gaëlle 09 December 2013 (has links)
Contexte. Au cours du siècle, les expositions aux champs électromagnétiques se sont multipliées avec l'électricité et les moyens de télécommunications. En 2002, les champs électromagnétiques d'extrêmement basse fréquence (CEM-EBF) ont été classés comme possiblement cancérogène pour l'homme, suivis des radiofréquences en 2011. A ce jour, ce rôle cancérigène reste controversé. L'association entre les tumeurs cérébrales (TC) et l'exposition aux champs électromagnétiques a été étudiée dans une étude cas-témoins, CERENAT. Méthodes. Les sujets de plus de 16 ans, résidant dans quatre départements français, avec un diagnostic de TC posé en 2004-2006 ont été inclus, ainsi que 2 témoins appariés par cas. Le calendrier professionnel détaillé et l'utilisation du téléphone portable (TP) ont été recueillis dans un questionnaire standardisé lors d'un entretien en face-à-face afin d'estimer l'exposition aux CEM-EBF (par l'application d'une matrice emploi-exposition), et aux radiofréquences. Résultats. L'étude a inclus 596 cas et 1192 témoins. Aucune association n'a été observée entre l'exposition aux CEM-EBF et les gliomes ou les méningiomes. Pour les neurinomes, le risque augmentait avec l'exposition, non significativement, atteignant un rapport de cotes (RC)=2,7 [0,8-9,0] pour une exposition moyenne sur la vie ≥ 0,2μT. Par ailleurs, l'usage régulier du TP (O/N) n'était pas associé aux TC (RC=1,1 [0,8-1,4]). Cependant, une association significative était observée pour les gliomes chez les plus grands utilisateurs pour une durée cumulée des appels ≥ 896 heures (RC=2,3 [1,4-3,8]). Les risques étaient plus élevés pour les tumeurs temporales, l'utilisation professionnelle et l'utilisation urbaine du téléphone. Conclusion. Nos résultats vont dans le sens des études antérieures, montrant une association entre les tumeurs cérébrales et l'utilisation importante du TP; et l'absence d'association avec l'exposition aux CEM-EBF. Cependant, le lien entre CEM-EBF et neurinomes reste à explorer, de même que le suivi à plus long terme des effets du TP. / Context. During the century, exposure to electromagnetic fields have increased with electricity and telecommunications facilities. In 2002, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans, followed by radiofrequencies in 2011. To date, this carcinogenic role remains controversial. We investigated the association between brain tumors and exposure to electromagnetic fields in a case-control study, CERENAT. Methods. Subjects over 16 years, living in four French areas, with a diagnosis of brain tumor in 2004-2006 were included, with 2 matched controls per case. The detailed occupational history and mobile telephone use were collected in a standardized questionnaire during a face- to-face interview to estimate exposure to ELF-EMF (using job-exposure matrix) and to radiofrequencies. Results. The study included 596 cases and 1192 controls. No association was observed between exposure to ELF-EMF and gliomas or meningiomas. For neuromas, the risk increased with exposure, not significantly, reaching an odds ratio (OR)=2.7 [0.8 - 9.0] for a life-long mean exposure ≥ 0.2 μT. Moreover, regular use of mobile phone (Y/ N) was not associated with brain tumor (OR=1.1 [0.8 - 1.4]). However, a significant association was observed for gliomas in the heaviest users when considering a life-long cumulative duration of calls ≥ 896 hours (OR=2.3 [1.4 - 3.8]). Risks were higher for temporal tumors, occupational or urban mobile phone use. Conclusion. Our results are consistent with previous studies showing an association between brain tumors and the extensive use of MP, and no association with exposure to ELF-EMF. However, the association between ELF-EMF and neuromas remains to be explored, as well as the follow of mobile phone effects in the long term.

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