Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61). Also available on the World Wide Web.

This research aims at revising the Victim Scale of the School Bullying Scales to examine bullying behaviors with high frequency and high severity. Participants were 1611 secondary school students in Kaohsiung. The Rasch Rating Scale Model was employed to analyze the collected data. Results showed that the revised Victim Scale fit well, exhibiting good evidence of the construct validity. Male students considered that victimized behaviors with high frequency and high severity were ¡§friendship being breached,¡¨ ¡§belongings being taken without permission,¡¨ ¡§goods being breached,¡¨ ¡§being tattled,¡¨ ¡§being hit or kicked,¡¨ and ¡§being neglected intentionally. Female students revealed different patterns of bullying behavior, while female students regard ¡§friendship being breached,¡¨ ¡§being crowded out of a group,¡¨ ¡§being isolation,¡¨ ¡§belongings being taken without permission,¡¨ ¡§being tattled,¡¨ ¡§being criticized online,¡¨ ¡§being neglected intentionally¡¨ and ¡§others kept silent to me on purpose¡¨ as victimized behaviors with high frequency and high severity. Finally, the implications for school bullying intervention and prevention were discussed. Keywords: school bullying, Rasch measurement, multidimensional Rasch analysis, DIF

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen, 1979. / Summary in Dutch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-223).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Instructional Psychology and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).

Thesis advisor: Laura M. O'Dwyer / The purpose of this study was to determine which of three competing models will provide, reliable, interpretable, and responsive measures of elementary students' understanding of the nature of science (NOS). The Nature of Science Instrument-Elementary (NOSI-E), a 28-item Rasch-based instrument, was used to assess students' NOS understanding. The NOS construct was conceptualized using five construct dimensions (Empirical, Inventive, Theory-laden, Certainty and Socially & Culturally Embedded). The competing models represent three internal models for the NOS construct. One postulate is that the NOS construct is unidimensional where one latent construct explains the relationship between the 28 items of the NOSI-E. Alternatively, the NOS construct is composed of five independent unidimensional constructs (the consecutive approach). Lastly, the NOS construct is multidimensional and composed of five inter-related but separate dimensions. A validity argument was developed that hypothesized that the internal structure of the NOS construct is best represented by the multidimensional Rasch model. Four sets of analyses were performed in which the three representations were compared. These analyses addressed five validity aspects (content, substantive, generalizability, structural and external) of construct validity. The vast body of evidence supported the claim that the NOS construct is composed of five separate but inter-related dimensions that is best represented by the multidimensional Rasch model. The results of the multidimensional analyses indicated that the items of the five subscales were of excellent technical quality, exhibited no differential item functioning (based on gender), had an item hierarchy that conformed to theoretical expectations; and together formed subscales of reasonable reliability (> 0.7 on each subscale) that were responsive to change in the construct Theory-laden scores from the multidimensional model predicted students' science achievement with scores from all five NOS dimensions significantly predicting students' perceptions of the constructivist nature of their classroom learning environment. The NOSI-E instrument is a theoretically grounded scale that can measure elementary students' NOS understanding and appears suitable for use in science education research. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation.

Introdução: Diversos instrumentos têm sido propostos na literatura internacional para medir atributos da religiosidade e espiritualidade. A Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) é um instrumento que busca acessar a dimensão espiritual por meio de experiências que se manifestam na vida diária, como gratidão, compaixão, paz interior, conexão com o transcendente, sem envolvimento com crenças ou comportamentos de uma religião específica. A DSES original e as versões para diferentes países, entre eles o Brasil, foram desenvolvidas e validadas com base na Teoria Clássica dos Testes (TCT). A Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) é uma abordagem da Psicometria Moderna que complementa a TCT incluindo novos métodos para construção, validação e refinamento de instrumentos de medida, entre os quais destaca-se o Método de Rasch. Uma das grandes contribuições deste método é a obtenção de medidas intervalares, permitindo coletar dados de melhor qualidade. Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, utilizando o Método Rasch. Método: Este estudo teve como base os dados coletados para a validação clássica da versão brasileira da DSES. Este instrumento e outro de caracterização da amostra foram aplicados por meio de entrevista a 179 pacientes internados em unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica de dois hospitais, com idade mínima de 18 anos. A DSES é composta de 16 itens, considerados unidimensionais, que são respondidos em escala do tipo Likert variando de 1 a 6 pontos nos 15 primeiros itens e de 1 a 4, no item 16. Menores pontuações no escore total refletem maior freqüência de experiências espirituais. Os itens da DSES foram analisados individualmente quanto à unidimensionalidade e à independência local, com análises seqüenciais das propriedades de aditividade (comportamento das categorias de resposta), Invariância dos itens (Funcionamento Diferencial dos Itens DIF), objetividade específica (calibragem dos itens) e consistência interna (Person Separation Index-PSI). A análise de Rasch foi efetuada com o software RUMM2020. Resultados: Na análise inicial (ajuste dos itens ao modelo Rasch), a unidimensionalidade não foi confirmada e três itens apresentaram dependência local. Cinco itens mostraram categorias de respostas desordenadas, com melhora nos padrões de respostas após colapsar os limiares para quatro categorias. O item 7 pedir ajuda de Deus apresentou DIF em relação à religião e o item 14 aceitação dos outros, em relação a sexo e religião. A exclusão dos itens problemáticos e o ajuste nas categorias das respostas melhoraram o ajuste geral ao modelo. Quanto à objetividade específica, foi observado que os itens alcançaram as pessoas com maior frequência nas experiências espirituais. Embora necessite de alguns ajustes, a versão brasileira da DSES pode ser considerada como uma escala Rasch. Sugere-se a realização de novas pesquisas, em outros contextos e populações, para verificar se o instrumento preserva suas propriedades psicométricas quando analisado pelo método de Rasch. / Introduction: Several instruments have been proposed in the international literature to measure attributes of religiosity and spirituality. The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) is an instrument that seeks to access the spiritual dimension through experiences that manifest in daily life, with no involvement with beliefs or behaviors of a specific religion. The original DSES and its versions for different countries, including Brazil, have been developed and validated based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). The Item Response Theory (IRT) is an approach of the Modern Psychometrics that complements the CTT including new methods for construction, validation and refinement of measuring instruments, among which stands out the Rasch method. A major contribution of this method is to obtain interval measurements, allowing the collection of better data. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale using the Rasch method. Method: This study was based on data collected for the classic validation of the Brazilian version of the DSES. This instrument and another for sample characterization were applied by interview to 179 patients with minimum age of 18, in clinical and surgical units of two hospitals. The DSES consists of 16 items, considered unidimensional, which are answered on Likert type scale ranging from 1 to 6 points in the first 15 items and from 1 to 4, in the item 16. Lower scores on the total score reflect a higher frequency of spiritual experiences. The DSES items were analyzed individually as the Unidimensionality and Local Independence, with sequential analysis of the properties of aditivity (pattern of the response categories), invariance (Differential Item Functioning - DIF), specific objectivity (calibration of the items) and internal consistency (Person Separation Index-PSI). Rasch analysis was performed using the software RUMM2020. Results: In the initial analysis (adjustment of the items to the model) the unidimensionality wasnt confirmed and three items showed local dependency. Five items showed disordered response categories, with improvement in the response patterns after collapsing thresholds for four categories. The item 7 ask for help from God had DIF related to religion and item 14 acceptance of others in relation to sex and religion. The exclusion of problematic items and fit into the response categories improved overall adjustment to the model. As for specific objectivity, it was observed that the items reached people with more often frequencies in spiritual experiences. Although it needs some adjustments, the Brazilian version of DSES can be considered as a Rasch scale. It is suggested to conduct further research in different contexts and populations to verify if the instrument preserves its psychometric properties when analyzed by the Rasch method.

Introdução: Diversos instrumentos têm sido propostos na literatura internacional para medir atributos da religiosidade e espiritualidade. A Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) é um instrumento que busca acessar a dimensão espiritual por meio de experiências que se manifestam na vida diária, como gratidão, compaixão, paz interior, conexão com o transcendente, sem envolvimento com crenças ou comportamentos de uma religião específica. A DSES original e as versões para diferentes países, entre eles o Brasil, foram desenvolvidas e validadas com base na Teoria Clássica dos Testes (TCT). A Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) é uma abordagem da Psicometria Moderna que complementa a TCT incluindo novos métodos para construção, validação e refinamento de instrumentos de medida, entre os quais destaca-se o Método de Rasch. Uma das grandes contribuições deste método é a obtenção de medidas intervalares, permitindo coletar dados de melhor qualidade. Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, utilizando o Método Rasch. Método: Este estudo teve como base os dados coletados para a validação clássica da versão brasileira da DSES. Este instrumento e outro de caracterização da amostra foram aplicados por meio de entrevista a 179 pacientes internados em unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica de dois hospitais, com idade mínima de 18 anos. A DSES é composta de 16 itens, considerados unidimensionais, que são respondidos em escala do tipo Likert variando de 1 a 6 pontos nos 15 primeiros itens e de 1 a 4, no item 16. Menores pontuações no escore total refletem maior freqüência de experiências espirituais. Os itens da DSES foram analisados individualmente quanto à unidimensionalidade e à independência local, com análises seqüenciais das propriedades de aditividade (comportamento das categorias de resposta), Invariância dos itens (Funcionamento Diferencial dos Itens DIF), objetividade específica (calibragem dos itens) e consistência interna (Person Separation Index-PSI). A análise de Rasch foi efetuada com o software RUMM2020. Resultados: Na análise inicial (ajuste dos itens ao modelo Rasch), a unidimensionalidade não foi confirmada e três itens apresentaram dependência local. Cinco itens mostraram categorias de respostas desordenadas, com melhora nos padrões de respostas após colapsar os limiares para quatro categorias. O item 7 pedir ajuda de Deus apresentou DIF em relação à religião e o item 14 aceitação dos outros, em relação a sexo e religião. A exclusão dos itens problemáticos e o ajuste nas categorias das respostas melhoraram o ajuste geral ao modelo. Quanto à objetividade específica, foi observado que os itens alcançaram as pessoas com maior frequência nas experiências espirituais. Embora necessite de alguns ajustes, a versão brasileira da DSES pode ser considerada como uma escala Rasch. Sugere-se a realização de novas pesquisas, em outros contextos e populações, para verificar se o instrumento preserva suas propriedades psicométricas quando analisado pelo método de Rasch. / Introduction: Several instruments have been proposed in the international literature to measure attributes of religiosity and spirituality. The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) is an instrument that seeks to access the spiritual dimension through experiences that manifest in daily life, with no involvement with beliefs or behaviors of a specific religion. The original DSES and its versions for different countries, including Brazil, have been developed and validated based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). The Item Response Theory (IRT) is an approach of the Modern Psychometrics that complements the CTT including new methods for construction, validation and refinement of measuring instruments, among which stands out the Rasch method. A major contribution of this method is to obtain interval measurements, allowing the collection of better data. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale using the Rasch method. Method: This study was based on data collected for the classic validation of the Brazilian version of the DSES. This instrument and another for sample characterization were applied by interview to 179 patients with minimum age of 18, in clinical and surgical units of two hospitals. The DSES consists of 16 items, considered unidimensional, which are answered on Likert type scale ranging from 1 to 6 points in the first 15 items and from 1 to 4, in the item 16. Lower scores on the total score reflect a higher frequency of spiritual experiences. The DSES items were analyzed individually as the Unidimensionality and Local Independence, with sequential analysis of the properties of aditivity (pattern of the response categories), invariance (Differential Item Functioning - DIF), specific objectivity (calibration of the items) and internal consistency (Person Separation Index-PSI). Rasch analysis was performed using the software RUMM2020. Results: In the initial analysis (adjustment of the items to the model) the unidimensionality wasnt confirmed and three items showed local dependency. Five items showed disordered response categories, with improvement in the response patterns after collapsing thresholds for four categories. The item 7 ask for help from God had DIF related to religion and item 14 acceptance of others in relation to sex and religion. The exclusion of problematic items and fit into the response categories improved overall adjustment to the model. As for specific objectivity, it was observed that the items reached people with more often frequencies in spiritual experiences. Although it needs some adjustments, the Brazilian version of DSES can be considered as a Rasch scale. It is suggested to conduct further research in different contexts and populations to verify if the instrument preserves its psychometric properties when analyzed by the Rasch method.

No description available.

D. Litt. et Phil. / The aim of this study was to develop a computer adaptive test of the trait Self-control sub-scale of a trait-based emotional intelligence inventory (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire: TEIQue). Secondary objectives were to examine the functioning of the CAT by (a) comparing the CAT with a static version, and (b) to establish a practical approach to developing a computer adaptive solution to existing static fixed format self-report inventories...

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen, 1983. / "Stellingen" ([2] p.) inserted. Summary in Dutch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-270).