Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-04T13:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol1.pdf: 1863013 bytes, checksum: 5fa46c188ac85027e33b3f48437e7d93 (MD5) 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol2.pdf: 3610423 bytes, checksum: 9d3a5c0af42a031668e742fc1156f436 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol1.pdf: 1863013 bytes, checksum: 5fa46c188ac85027e33b3f48437e7d93 (MD5) 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol2.pdf: 3610423 bytes, checksum: 9d3a5c0af42a031668e742fc1156f436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Nowadays the demand for cleaner and more efficient synthetic processes have been deemed very important, especially due to environmental aspects. Thus, this thesis describes the synthesis of a series of 20 tiossemicarbazidas, nine class of N4-substituted obtained from the reaction of isothiocyanates with different hydrazine hydrate and eleven Class of N1,N4-disubstituted obtained from the reaction of isothiocyanates with different phenyl hydrazine. We used the traditional method by stirring at room temperature, the microwave irradiation and solid-solid maceration for preparing such compounds, the latter methodology to that presented the best performances for the compounds synthesized in only two minutes of reaction. The antioxidant activity of tiossemicarbazidas was evaluated experimentally by the method of DPPH, indicating significant activity for most of the derivatives tested. The tiossemicarbazidas N4-substituted synthetic precursors were derived from the class of 36 thiosemicarbazones, which have also been obtained by three different methodologies from the reaction of different aromatic aldehydes with tiossemicarbazidas N4-substituted. The methodology used by traditional reflux, the microwave irradiation in the presence of organic solvent and microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent, the latter method was allowed to obtain products with better results with only 3 minutes of reaction. All 36 of thiosemicarbazones derivatives were tested against the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus parasiticus, with moderate activity for some of the derivatives tested. The tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-disubstituted are synthetic precursors of the 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide hydrochlorides mesoionic class. Eleven mesoionic derivatives were obtained by microwave irradiation, from tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-disubstituted with different aromatic aldehydes. We also evaluated the cytotoxic activities from some of the synthesized mesoionic lines K562 human leukemia and Jurkat, as well as in the line of Daudi lymphoma, obtaining satisfactory and very promising results for some of the compounds tested. Furthermore, the compounds mesoionic were tested for in vivo activity against L. amazonensis and L. infantum and also opposite the trypanothione reductase enzyme L. amazonensis, L. infantum, L. braziliensis and T. cruzi showing significant activity indicating the potential use of these compounds as anti-parasitic agents / Nos dias atuais as demandas por processos sint?ticos mais limpos e eficientes t?m sido consideradas muito relevantes, devido especialmente aos aspectos ambientais. Assim, este trabalho de tese relata a s?ntese de uma s?rie de 20 tiossemicarbazidas, sendo nove da classe das N4-substitu?das, obtidas a partir da rea??o de diferentes isotiocianatos com hidrazina hidrato e onze da classe das N1,N4-dissubstitu?das obtidas a partir da rea??o de diferentes isotiocianatos com fenil hidrazina. Utilizou-se a metodologia tradicional por agita??o a temperatura ambiente, a irradia??o de micro-ondas e a macera??o s?lido-s?lido para a prepara??o desses compostos, sendo esta ?ltima metodologia a que apresentou os melhores rendimentos para os compostos sintetizados em apenas 2 minutos de rea??o. A atividade antioxidante das tiossemicarbazidas foi avaliada experimentalmente pelo m?todo do DPPH, indicando atividade significativa para a maioria dos derivados testados. As tiossemicarbazidas N4-substitu?das foram os precursores sint?ticos de 36 derivados da classe das tiossemicarbazonas, que tamb?m foram obtidas por tr?s metodologias diferentes a partir da rea??o de diferentes alde?dos arom?ticos com as tiossemicarbazidas N4-substitu?das. Utilizou-se a metodologia tradicional por refluxo, a irradia??o de micro-ondas na presen?a de solvente org?nico e a irradia??o de micro-ondas na aus?ncia de solvente, esta ?ltima metodologia foi a que permitiu a obten??o dos produtos com melhores rendimentos em apenas 3 minutos de rea??o. Todos os 36 derivados das tiossemicarbazonas foram testados frente aos fungos Aspergillus parasiticus e Candida albicans, apresentando moderada atividade para alguns dos derivados ensaiados. As tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-dissubstitu?das foram os precursores sint?ticos dos cloridratos mesoi?nicos da classe 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-aminida. Onze derivados mesoi?nicos foram obtidos via irradia??o de micro-ondas, a partir das tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-dissubstitu?das com diferentes alde?dos arom?ticos. Foram avaliadas, tamb?m, as atividades citot?xicas de alguns dos mesoi?nicos sintetizados nas linhagens leuc?micas humanas K562 e Jurkat, assim como na linhagem de linfoma Daudi, obtendo-se resultados bastante promissores e satisfat?rios para alguns dos compostos ensaiados. Al?m disso, os compostos mesoi?nicos foram ensaiados quanto ? atividade in vivo frente a L. amazonensis e L. infantum e tamb?m frente ? enzima tripanotiona redutase de L. amazonensis, L. infantum, L. braziliensis e T. cruzi mostrando atividade significativa indicando a potencial utiliza??o desses compostos como agentes anti-parasit?rios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVMS_Parcial.pdf: 533267 bytes, checksum: dfba6ad9f2b0c2ad0d26dac46721fabf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The refractory metal carbides have proven important in the development of engineering materials due to their properties such as high hardness, high melting point, high thermal conductivity and high chemical stability. The niobium carbide presents these characteristics. The compounds of niobium impregnated with copper also have excellent dielectric and magnetic properties, and furthermore, the Cu doping increases the catalytic activity in the oxidation processes of hydrogen. This study aimed to the synthesis of nanostructured materials CuNbC and niobium and copper oxide from precursor tris(oxalate) oxiniobate ammonium hydrate through gas-solid and solid-solid reaction, respectively. Both reactions were carried out at low temperature (1000?C) and short reaction time (2 hours). The niobium carbide was produced with 5 % and 11% of copper, and the niobium oxide with 5% of copper. The materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA , BET and particle size Laser. From the XRD analysis and Rietveld refinement of CuNbC with S = 1.23, we observed the formation of niobium carbide and metallic copper with cubic structure. For the synthesis of mixed oxide made of niobium and copper, the formation of two distinct phases was observed: CuNb2O6 and Nb2O5, although the latter was present in small amounts / Os carbetos de metais refrat?rios t?m se revelado importantes no desenvolvimento de materiais de engenharia devido as suas propriedades, tais como: alta dureza, alto ponto de fus?o, alta condutividade t?rmica e alta estabilidade qu?mica. O carbeto de ni?bio apresenta essas caracter?sticas. Os compostos de ni?bio impregnados com cobre tamb?m possuem excelentes propriedades diel?tricas e magn?ticas e, al?m disso, a dopagem com Cu aumenta a atividade catal?tica em processos de oxida??o de hidrog?nio. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a s?ntese dos materiais CuNbC e ?xido de ni?bio e cobre nanoestruturados a partir do precursor tris(oxalato)oxiniobato de am?nio hidratado, atrav?s de rea??o g?s-s?lido e s?lido-s?lido, respectivamente. Para ambos, as rea??es foram realizadas a baixa temperatura (1000?C) e curto tempo de rea??o (2 horas). O carbeto de ni?bio foi produzido com 5% e 11% de cobre e o ?xido de ni?bio e cobre com 5% de cobre. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados atrav?s dos ensaios de Difra??o de Raios X (DRX), Refinamento Rietveld, Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia por Fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X (FRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (IV), Termogravim?trica (TG), An?lise Termodiferencial (DTA), BET e granulometria a Laser. A partir das an?lises de DRX e do refinamento Reitiveld para o CuNbC com S= 1,23, observou-se a forma??o do carbeto de ni?bio e cobre puro com estrutura c?bica. Na s?ntese realizada do ?xido misto de ni?bio e cobre correu a forma??o de duas fases distintas: CuNb2O6 e Nb2O5, embora a ?ltima tenha sido formada em pequena quantidade / 2020-01-01