The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) are benthic freshwater fishes that are sympatric throughout the range of the pallid sturgeon. Pallid sturgeon was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in 1990, while shovelnose is common throughout the range. Previous abundance studies estimate the ratio of adult pallid to shovelnose sturgeon to be on the order of 1:82 in the middle Mississippi River, respectively. Despite adult abundances, reproduction and/or recruitment of pallid sturgeon larvae is undocumented in the middle Mississippi River. The current study aims to confirm the presence of pallid sturgeon reproduction and estimate the relative species abundances of larval pallid, shovelnose and hybrid sturgeon in the middle Mississippi River. Since larval pallid, shovelnose and hybrid sturgeon are virtually identical morphologically, the use of DNA markers was required for species designations; sixteen previously developed microsatellite loci were used in this study. Of the 583 larval Scaphirhynchus sturgeon collected from the middle Mississippi River, 581 were shovelnose, one was a hybrid and one was a pallid. This study was the first to genetically confirm the presence of pallid sturgeon reproduction in the middle Mississippi River. Differences in species ratios between adult and larval Scaphirhynchus sturgeon could be explained by three potential hypotheses; life history characteristics accentuate species ratios between adult and larval stages, pallid are experiencing low reproduction and/or low recruitment, or pallid larvae reside in different microhabitat locations compared to shovelnose.

Inledning: Historiskt sett har Sverige varit skonade och haft förhållandevis få vd-byte. På senare år har dock omsättning på vd:ar ökat vilket aktualiserat frågan: ‘’Vem blir bolagets nya vd, när ett bolag skall rekrytera?’’. Rekryteringen påverkas av framför allt interna aktörer (styrelsen, styrelseordförande och tidigare vd) och det är dessa aktörers demografiska egenskapers (ålder, kön och nationalitet) påverkan som testas i studien. Syfte: Syftet med studien är förklara hur demografiska egenskaper, från styrelsen, styrelseordföranden och tidigare vd, påverkar valet vid rekrytering av ny vd. Metod: Undersökningen utgår från befintlig teori och har således en deduktiv ansats. Hypoteser formuleras utifrån teorin om homosocial reproduktion och utgår från de interna aktörerna styrelsen, styrelseordförande och tidigare vd. Kvantitativ metod tillämpas och omfattningen är samtliga bolag på OMX Stockholm som haft vd-byten under 2011-2016. Resultat och slutsats: Undersökningens resultat visar att det är styrelsen och styrelseordförande som påverkar den nya vd:ns nationalitet, vilket är i linje med antagandena från homosocial reproduktion. Resultatet visade inget stöd för ålder och kön från någon av aktörerna. / Introduction: Historically Sweden has had relatively few CEO-substitutions. In recent years the turnover on CEOs has increased, which has justified the question: “Who becomes the new CEO when a company is recruiting?” Recruitment is primarily influenced by internal players (the board, chairman of the board and former CEO) and the demographic characteristics (age, gender and nationality) of these actors tested in the study. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explain how demographic characteristics, from the board, the chairman of the board and former CEO, affect the selection when recruiting a new CEO. Method: The study is based on existing theory and has a deduction method. Hypotheses are formulated on the basis of the theory of homosocial reproduction and based on the internal actors, the board, chairman of the board and former CEO. Quantitative method is applied and the extent is all companies in OMX Stockholm who had the CEO replaced in 2011-2016. Results and conclusion: The results of the survey show that it is the board and chairman of the board that influences the new CEO's nationality, which is in line with the assumptions of homosocial reproduction. The result showed no support for age and gender from any of the actors.

The theme of the Master's thesis is an analysis of personnel work in the company Makovec a.s. which develops, manufactures and sells meat and meat products. The work is divided into theoretical part where the individual personnel activities are described and the practical part where the theoretical knowledge is compared with the practical facts in the company. The analysis focuses on the recruitment, selection, adoption, adaptation, evaluation, remuneration and education of employees and aims to identify the strengths and the weaknesses and tries to suggest alternative solutions.

Scleractinian coral populations are declining worldwide in response to numerous stressors operating on both global and regional scales. Rising sea surface temperatures associated with global climate change and the increasing frequency of coral-macroalgae competitive interactions are two of the gravest ecological drivers facing coral reef ecosystems. However, little is known about how these stressors interact to impact corals, their health, and potential modes of population recovery. These threats also highlight the need to develop reliable techniques that detect stress in multiple life-history stages of hermatypic corals prior to the degradation of coral reef habitats. To address these concerns we evaluated the effects of elevated sea surface temperatures (+3.5°C), Dictyota menstrualis competition, and their combined impacts on three life-history stages of the reef-building coral Porites astreoides. Elevated temperature induced sub-lethal stress yet had varied responses that were contingent on the life-history stage being examined. Hyperthermal stress did not consistently effect the transcriptional expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 16 or 60, but was readily detected utilizing biomarkers of the oxidative stress pathway. The presence of D. menstrualis significantly reduced coral survival and recruitment beyond simple space occupation in every coral life-history stage examined.While macroalgal exposure and elevated temperature had distinct effects on coral survival and physiological condition, the combination of both stressors induced a synergistic impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress in coral larvae. The results highlight the potential of biomarkers of oxidative stress for detecting hyperthermal stress in scleractinian corals. They also support the accepted notion that benthic macroalgae compete with reef-building corals via direct contact for space on coral reefs and that elevated temperatures can reduce the health of the coral holobiont. In addition, the results indicate that larvae from P. astreoides are more susceptible to the impacts of hyperthermal stress compared to established corals and that multiple perturbations can interact to exacerbate coral health.