The aim of my thesis was to compare selectid allotment, Botanical composition of allotmnet and prortion were monitored. Assessment of medium water content in soil. For parametrs of burning was to find number of fertile and sterile culm. In literal research are summarized common data about biomass and particular grass used for energetic purposes. Detailed description of reed canary grass and its description, agrotechnology and harvest. It is also important to mention processing of biomass in to the shape briquet and pelets. In the last part of research is description of burning device for used biomass. The practice part description to optain sample particular lokalities and these results and compares them.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar os fatores de risco de disseminação da Doença de Newcastle relacionados ao trânsito de veículos entre empresas integradoras e unidades de produção de frangos de corte. Uma área de grande produção avícola do estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi escolhida para ser objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa, sendo simuladas a partir de uma granja índex, as zonas de proteção e vigilância, como determina o Plano de Contingência para a Influenza Aviária e Doença de Newcastle. A metodologia foi fundamentada em análises espaciais e probabilísticas, associadas a situações reais que fazem parte do processo de logística das empresas. Foi realizada a análise espacial da região, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento, a extração da taxa reprodutiva básica, estudo exploratório da proporção de alojamento de frangos de corte e desenvolvimento do modelo epidêmico clássico de Reed-Frost, avaliando assim, as possibilidades de disseminação da doença na área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que somente o trânsito referente a visitas técnicas e caminhões de ração nas unidades de produção são fatores que podem desencadear um surto da doença. Quanto mais rápido for obtido o diagnóstico definitivo e tomadas medidas de contenção, menor é a probabilidade de disseminação da doença. / This thesis had as general objective to evaluate the factors of risk of spread of the Newcastle Disease related to the traffic of vehicles between companies and poultry farms. An area of great poultry production of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was chosen to be object of study of the present researches, being simulated starting from a farm index, the protection areas and surveillance, as it determines the Plan of Contingency for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease. The methodology was based in space analyses and probability, associated to real situations that are part of the process of logistics of the companies. The space analysis of the area was accomplished, through the use of geographical information systems, the extraction of the basic reproductive rate, study exploratory of the proportion of lodging of cut chickens and development of the model epidemic classic of Reed-Frost, evaluating like this, the possibilities of spread of the disease in the study area. The obtained results demonstrated that only the traffic regarding technical visits and ration trucks in the units of production is factors that can unchain an outbreak of the disease. The more fast it be obtained the definitive diagnosis and sockets contention measures, minor is the probability of spread of the disease.

The aim of this work was to study the occurrence, abundance and distribution of breeding population of model species Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) at selected locations. Subsequent evaluation is based on the monitored nesting parameters: nest height above water surface, water depth, distance of the nest from unvegetated water surface, the distance of the nest from the nearest fixed point, and number of stalks on which the nest was built. Diet spectrum was also detected. The results were statistically analysed in order to find out if and how these factors could influence nesting success and density of Reed Warbler population. Marginal influence on nesting success was found out only in these parameters: the number of stalks (the nests with three stalks was the most successful) and the distance from the fixed point. Successful nests were about 26% further (1.8 m) than the unsuccessful nests that could be explained by the predator factor. The most numerous insect orders in selected locations were Diptera (60%), Hymenoptera (21%) and Araneae (12%).

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar os fatores de risco de disseminação da Doença de Newcastle relacionados ao trânsito de veículos entre empresas integradoras e unidades de produção de frangos de corte. Uma área de grande produção avícola do estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi escolhida para ser objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa, sendo simuladas a partir de uma granja índex, as zonas de proteção e vigilância, como determina o Plano de Contingência para a Influenza Aviária e Doença de Newcastle. A metodologia foi fundamentada em análises espaciais e probabilísticas, associadas a situações reais que fazem parte do processo de logística das empresas. Foi realizada a análise espacial da região, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento, a extração da taxa reprodutiva básica, estudo exploratório da proporção de alojamento de frangos de corte e desenvolvimento do modelo epidêmico clássico de Reed-Frost, avaliando assim, as possibilidades de disseminação da doença na área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que somente o trânsito referente a visitas técnicas e caminhões de ração nas unidades de produção são fatores que podem desencadear um surto da doença. Quanto mais rápido for obtido o diagnóstico definitivo e tomadas medidas de contenção, menor é a probabilidade de disseminação da doença. / This thesis had as general objective to evaluate the factors of risk of spread of the Newcastle Disease related to the traffic of vehicles between companies and poultry farms. An area of great poultry production of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was chosen to be object of study of the present researches, being simulated starting from a farm index, the protection areas and surveillance, as it determines the Plan of Contingency for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease. The methodology was based in space analyses and probability, associated to real situations that are part of the process of logistics of the companies. The space analysis of the area was accomplished, through the use of geographical information systems, the extraction of the basic reproductive rate, study exploratory of the proportion of lodging of cut chickens and development of the model epidemic classic of Reed-Frost, evaluating like this, the possibilities of spread of the disease in the study area. The obtained results demonstrated that only the traffic regarding technical visits and ration trucks in the units of production is factors that can unchain an outbreak of the disease. The more fast it be obtained the definitive diagnosis and sockets contention measures, minor is the probability of spread of the disease.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar os fatores de risco de disseminação da Doença de Newcastle relacionados ao trânsito de veículos entre empresas integradoras e unidades de produção de frangos de corte. Uma área de grande produção avícola do estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi escolhida para ser objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa, sendo simuladas a partir de uma granja índex, as zonas de proteção e vigilância, como determina o Plano de Contingência para a Influenza Aviária e Doença de Newcastle. A metodologia foi fundamentada em análises espaciais e probabilísticas, associadas a situações reais que fazem parte do processo de logística das empresas. Foi realizada a análise espacial da região, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento, a extração da taxa reprodutiva básica, estudo exploratório da proporção de alojamento de frangos de corte e desenvolvimento do modelo epidêmico clássico de Reed-Frost, avaliando assim, as possibilidades de disseminação da doença na área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que somente o trânsito referente a visitas técnicas e caminhões de ração nas unidades de produção são fatores que podem desencadear um surto da doença. Quanto mais rápido for obtido o diagnóstico definitivo e tomadas medidas de contenção, menor é a probabilidade de disseminação da doença. / This thesis had as general objective to evaluate the factors of risk of spread of the Newcastle Disease related to the traffic of vehicles between companies and poultry farms. An area of great poultry production of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was chosen to be object of study of the present researches, being simulated starting from a farm index, the protection areas and surveillance, as it determines the Plan of Contingency for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease. The methodology was based in space analyses and probability, associated to real situations that are part of the process of logistics of the companies. The space analysis of the area was accomplished, through the use of geographical information systems, the extraction of the basic reproductive rate, study exploratory of the proportion of lodging of cut chickens and development of the model epidemic classic of Reed-Frost, evaluating like this, the possibilities of spread of the disease in the study area. The obtained results demonstrated that only the traffic regarding technical visits and ration trucks in the units of production is factors that can unchain an outbreak of the disease. The more fast it be obtained the definitive diagnosis and sockets contention measures, minor is the probability of spread of the disease.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lorena L M Abrantes.pdf: 4341681 bytes, checksum: 30126c561a517a7154d7108de137e004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / This study aimed to assess the efficiency of two vegetal species in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in constructed wetlands system. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the species Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed), in their possible combinations, in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in a constructed wetlands system, of vertical subsuperficial flux, with two flux directions (ascendant and descendant), related to the attributes: organic material, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, solids and thermotolerant coliforms. The experiment was conducted in the Researching Station in Sewer Treatment with Plants RSSTP (UFG), located in the Sewer Treatment Station (STS) Samambaia, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental unit has twenty four modules, grouped sequences of two modules (initial and final modules). Raw sewage which comes from the initial part of the ETE facultative pond was pumped into the deep of the treatment initial modules, filled up with substrate layers (in the deep filled up with rocks category number 3, followed by rocks category number 1, washed sand, and again rocks category number 1) and planted with cattail or reed. After going up by the vegetated substrate (ascendant vertical flux) the sewer was drained and conducted to the final treatment modules equally filled up and vegetated with one of the species, although being applied in the surface and drained by the deep (vertical descendant flux). The tax of sewer application was of 80 L.m-2dia-1, corresponding to a treatment area of 2 m2 per inhabitant. A year after the system implementation, during the period of 6 months, sewer samples were collected after passing through the flux sequences, each one with the combination of the two vegetal species, for the evaluation of the sewer attributes and calculation of the efficiency in the treatment. The results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS program), being used the tests F and the Tukey Kramer, considering 5% of probability. There were no meaningful differences in the efficiency of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorides, hardness, dissolved total solids and volatile total solids. The cattail was more efficient in the apparent color removal and turbidity. The reed presented more efficiency in the total solids removal. The position of the plant in the module sequence did not influence the apparent color and turbidity removals. The reed in the final module increased the removal of the attributes total solids and fixed total solids. It´s possible to verify that the technology of sewer treatment by using plants is efficient, since the species cattail and reed in the adopted system, provided results with removals higher 60% for the of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de duas espécies vegetais no tratamento do esgoto sanitário, em um sistema de alagados construídos. Especificamente, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência das espécies Typha angustifolia (Taboa) e Phragmites australis (Caniço), em suas combinações possíveis, no tratamento de esgoto sanitário, em um sistema de alagados construídos, de fluxo subsuperficial vertical, com dois sentidos de fluxo (ascendente e descendente), concernente aos atributos: matéria orgânica, cor aparente, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfato, turbidez, cloretos, dureza, condutividade elétrica, sólidos e coliformes termotolerantes. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação de Pesquisas em Tratamento de Esgotos com Plantas Eptep (UFG), localizada na Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE) Samambaia, em Goiânia, GO. A unidade experimental possui vinte quatro módulos, agrupados em sequências de dois módulos (módulos iniciais e finais). Esgoto sanitário bruto proveniente da parte inicial da lagoa facultativa da ETE foi bombeado no fundo de módulos iniciais de tratamento preenchidos com camadas sobrepostas de substrato (no fundo com brita número 3, na sequência brita número 1, areia lavada e novamente brita número 1) e plantados com taboa ou caniço. Após subir pelo substrato vegetado (fluxo vertical ascendente) o esgoto era drenado e conduzido aos módulos finais de tratamento, igualmente preenchidos e vegetados com uma das espécies, todavia sendo aplicado na superfície e drenado pelo fundo (fluxo vertical descendente). A taxa de aplicação de esgoto foi de 80 L.m-2dia-1, correspondendo a uma área de estação de tratamento de 2 m2 por habitante. Um ano após a implantação do sistema, por um período de seis meses, amostras do esgoto foram coletadas após passar pelas sequências de fluxo, cada uma com uma combinação das duas espécies vegetais, para avaliação dos teores de atributos do esgoto e cálculo da eficiência do tratamento. Os resultados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS), realizando-se os testes F e de Tukey Kramer, a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferença significativa entre as eficiências dos tratamentos na remoção dos atributos: demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfatos, coliformes termotolerantes, cloretos, dureza, sólidos totais dissolvidos e sólidos totais voláteis. A taboa foi mais eficiente na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez. Já o caniço apresentou uma eficiência maior na remoção de sólidos totais. A posição da planta na sequência de módulos não influenciou na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez. O caniço no módulo final influenciou positivamente na remoção dos atributos sólidos totais e sólidos totais fixos. Verifica-se que a tecnologia de tratamento de esgoto por plantas é eficiente, uma vez que as espécies taboa e caniço no sistema de fluxo subsuperficial vertical ora adotado proporcionaram resultados com remoções superiores a 60% para os atributos demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, cor aparente, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfatos, coliformes termotolerantes e turbidez.

Reed-Solomon code is nowadays broadly used in many fields of data transmission. Using of error correction codes is divided into two main operations: information coding before sending information into communication channel and decoding received information at the other side. There are vast of decoding algorithms of Reed-Solomon codes, which have specific features. There is needed knowledge of features of algorithms to choose correct algorithm which satisfies requirements of system. There are evaluated cyclic decoding algorithm, Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler algorithm, Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, Sugiyama algorithm with erasures and without erasures and Guruswami-Sudan algorithm. There was done implementation of algorithms in software and in hardware. Simulation of implemented algorithms was performed. Algorithms were evaluated and there were proposed methods to improve their work.

Dans le cadre de l’avion plus électrique, les avionneurs cherchent à remplacer les commandes de vol hydrauliques par des commandes de vol électriques, avec pour intérêt de diminuer le poids, et d’améliorer la flexibilité des équipements aéronautiques. Sachant que sur un A380, la distance cumulée pour les câbles peut atteindre plus de 500 km, la solution consistant à faire cohabiter les transmissions de données et de puissances au sein de mêmes câbles grâce à la technologie CPL pourrait contribuer à réduire la masse de câble dans un avion. Cependant les câbles de puissance n’ont pas été dimensionnés pour transmettre un signal informationnel, et les équipements présents sur le réseau sont source de bruits. Dans ce contexte nous souhaitons montrer la faisabilité d’une transmission CPL soumise aux contraintes avioniques tout en respectant les normes aéronautiques. La première partie des travaux a consisté à mesurer le canal de propagation sur un banc de test représentatif d’un environnement aéronautique. Le canal de propagation est composé de deux coupleurs de type inductif ou capacitif dont le but est de connecter les câbles de télécommunication au réseau de puissance et d’une paire bifilaire torsadée de puissance d’une longueur de 32 m représentative d’un réseau HVDC ±270 V. Nous avons alors testé trois architectures différentes : l’architecture point-À-Point avec coupleur capacitif, l’architecture point-À-Point avec coupleur inductif et l’architecture point-À-Multipoints avec coupleur inductif. Le but de ces mesures a été d’évaluer la fonction de transfert du canal sur la bande [1 ; 100] MHz. Nous avons alors calculé les éléments caractéristiques du canal comme la bande de cohérence et l’étalement des retards. Après la caractérisation du canal de propagation, nous avons choisi et dimensionné les algorithmes de traitement du signal au regard des spécifications aéronautiques à savoir : un débit utile de 10 Mbit/s, un temps de latence de 167-334 μs, un TEB de 10-12 et le respect du gabarit de la DO-160 en émission conduite. Au regard de la fonction de transfert du canal, nous avons choisi d’utiliser l’OFDM comme technique de transmission. Ainsi, à l’aide de la caractérisation du canal de propagation nous avons au cours d’une étude paramétrique défini les paramètres de la transmission OFDM au regard des spécifications de débit et de temps réel. Dans un second temps, nous avons implanté les paramètres OFDM ainsi que la modélisation du canal de propagation dans une chaine de transmission Matlab. Cette chaine nous a alors permis de vérifier les paramètres issues de l’étude paramétrique ainsi que de définir le système de codage de canal (Reed-Solomon et code convolutif) pour respecter les spécifications aéronautiques. La dernière partie de cette thèse a consisté en l’étude du système de synchronisation. Du fait de la stabilité du canal de propagation, nous avons considéré une synchronisation fine du système lors d’une phase d’initialisation puis nous nous somme focalisé sur le dimensionnement d’un système de suivi dans le but de corriger le décalage de fenêtre FFT dû au défaut de fréquence d’échantillonnage. Pour limiter les pertes de débit lors de la phase de suivi, nous avons proposé une estimation de l’erreur de fréquence d’échantillonnage sur la phase des données reçues sur une période de 20 symboles OFDM. / In the new aircrafts, hydraulic flight control systems are replaced by electric flight control systems. The main interests are a better flexibility of the aeronautical equipments and a decrease in maintenance costs and construction costs, but the major problem is the increasing of the wires length. In order to decrease this length, it has been proposed to use power line communications (PLC) technology for flight control systems. The decrease of wire will first decrease aircraft weight and therefore the consumption of kerosene and on the other hand will simplify maintenance and construction. The first part of this work is the measurement and the characterisation of the propagation channel on an aeronautic test bench (with HVDC supply and loads). This channel is composed of two couplers (inductive or capacitive) in order to connect the telecommunication system on the power wires with galvanic isolation and one twisted pair of 32 m longs. We have tested three architectures: the point-To-Point architecture with capacitive coupler, the point-To-Point architecture with inductive coupler and the point-To-Multipoint architecture with inductive coupler. The purpose of these measurements is to measured the transfer function on the [1 ; 100] MHz bandwidth. Then, we have computed the channel parameters like the coherence bandwidth and the delay spread. The second step was the design of the signal processing algorithm in order to satisfy the aeronautical specifications: a useful bite rate of 10 Mbit/s, a latency of 167- 334 μs, a BER of 10-12 and the respect of the DO-160 gauge in conducted emissions. For the transmissions, we have chosen the OFDM technology which has been use with success in other PLC systems. With the channel characterization, we have proposed a parametric study in order to define the OFDM parameters to satisfy the bite rate and the real time constraints. After, we compute digital simulations with Matlab to check the OFDM parameters. With these simulations, we have also defined the channel coding parameters (Reed-Solomon and convolutional coding) to satisfy the aeronautical specifications. The last part of this study was the design of the synchronisation system. Because of the channel stability, we considered a precise synchronisation after an initialisation period. Then, we focus on the estimation of the FFT shift, due to the sampling frequency shift, during a following-Up period. In order to avoid the decrease of the latency and the bitrate due to the pilot symbols or pilot sub-Carriers insertion, we proposed to correct the FFT shift with the receive data thanks to the maximal likelihood algorithm.

In the wireless sensor network, the WLAN interference, multi-path fading andattenuation are the main reason for packets’ corruption. Forward errorcorrection is one of the methods for error mitigation. Many coding methods aredesigned to improve the reliability of wireless channel. However, none of thesecoding methods could handle the burst errors that widely exist in wirelesschannel and are mainly responsible for packet corruption. Interleaving isintroduced to robust these coding methods and make those corrupted packetsavailable to be corrected by spreading the burst errors. The Reed-Solomon(15,7) block code is used as the forwarding error correction in theseexperiments. In this paper, seven different symbol interleaving will be firstlysimulated in the Matlab platform under four different channels to evaluate theirpacket error rate performances. Then, two of the seven interleaving with betterperformance and the simplest interleaving algorithm, general block interleavingwill be implemented in the TinyOS platform, and they will be compared witheach other from packet error rate, interleaving time and memory consumptionaspects. Experiments show that, for theoretical channel, interleaving plays animportant role to enhance the capability to correct the corrupted packets exceptfor Rayleigh channel, in which the impact of interleaving is generally slight.Meanwhile for the channel under IEEE 802.11b/g interference, interleavingenhance more than 10% PER in the receiver. However for MFA channel, theenhancement is slight, only 1.85%. Convolutional interleaving has the best PERperformance in AWGN channel and the channel with deterministic SER, whilematrix interleaving has the lowest PER in WLAN affected channel. In thelatency and memory consumption aspect, For the same packet length, generalblock interleaving has the shortest interleaving time while matrix interleavinghas the longest. In the same interleaving algorithm, the execution time becomeslonger with growth of packet size. Within the same interleaving method, thelonger the packet size is, the more memory that would be consumed. Under thesame interleaving length, general block interleaving consumes least memoryand convolutional interleaving has the largest memory consumption.

In this paper the performance of executing Cauchy Reed-Solomon (CRS) coding on the GPU is evaluated and compared with execution on the CPU. Three different prototypes are developed. One is sequential and developed in C++, the other two are developed utilizing C++ and OpenCL. The measurements are done by comparing the execution time of different data block sizes ranging from 16KB up to 256MB with two different encoding ratios, 9/12 and 10/16. The measurements are done on an Intel CPU with 4 cores with an integrated graphics card and an AMD graphics card. The OpenCL prototypes are executed with three different targets, the CPU, the integrated graphics card and the AMD graphics card. The sequential prototype is executed on the same CPU, but on a single core. The results from the measurements show that the GPU is faster than the CPU on larger data sizes. The highest measured throughput is achieved with the multithreaded CPU prototypes (OpenCL executed on the CPU) for sizes around 1MB. / I den här rapporten genomförs prestandatester för exekvering av Cauchy Reed-Solomon (CRS) coding på grafikkortet och jämförs med exekvering på en CPU. Tre olika prototyper har utvecklats. En är sekventiell och utvecklad i C++, de två andra är utvecklade i OpenCL och C++. Testerna genomförs genom tidtagning på olika stora datablock, från 16KB upp till 256MB med olika enkodnings ratios, 9/12 och 10/16. CPU:n som används i testerna är en Intel CPU med 4 kärnor, och grafikkorten som används är det integrerade grafikkortet på CPU:n samt ett grafikkort från AMD. OpenCL prototyperna exekveras med tre olika inställningar, CPU för multitrådat, det integrerade Intel grafikkortet och det dedikerade AMD grafikkortet. Den sekventiella prototypen exekveras på samma CPU, men med en kärna. Resultaten från experimenten visar att grafikkorten är snabbare än CPU:n för större datablock. Den prototyp som fick högst genomströmning av data var den multitrådade CPU prototypen för datablock i storleksordningen 1MB.