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<p>A curious demographic shift is underway in North American evangelical churches. While the percentage of teens and young adults who regularly attend worship services has remained basically the same for the past thirty years the number of casual attenders is plummeting. In 2008, forty-seven percent of teens reported never attending a worship service, up from twenty-eight percent in 1980. What is causing such a radical shift in worship attendance? This thesis will investigate an increasingly distinct cultural group, called Digital Natives, who were born since 1990 and have never known a world without the Internet and constant connection to digital media.</p> <p>Through the development of a biblical theology of technology, and the investigation of recent research into the psychological and social effects of social media and other computer mediated communication, this thesis will develop a clearer picture of the cultural gap that many Mainline and Evangelical churches are facing. Through theological reflection this thesis will identify new boundaries and new behaviours that will assist in the discipling and spiritual formation of Digital Natives in today's churches.</p> / Thesis / Master of Divinity (M.Div)

The emergence of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) over the last two decades has opened venues to mitigate the challenges associated with stochastic open-cell metal foams manufactured through the traditional foaming process. Regular lattices with user-defined unit cell topologies have been reported to exhibit better mechanical properties in comparison to metal foams which extend their applicability to multifunctional heat exchangers subjected to both thermal and mechanical loads. The current study aims at investigating the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of promising novel unit cell topologies realizable through AM technologies. Experimental investigation was conducted on four different topologies, viz (a) Octet, (b) Face-diagonal (FD) cube, (c) Tetrakaidecahedron, and (d) Cube, printed in single-cell thick sandwich type configuration in 420 stainless steel via Binder Jetting technology at same intended porosity. The effective thermal conductivity of the samples was found to be strongly dependent on the lattice porosity, however, no significant dependence on the unit-cell topology was demonstrated. Face-diagonal cube lattice exhibited the highest heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop, and consequently provided the lowest thermal-hydraulic performance. A procedure to incorporate the manufacturing-induced random roughness effects in the samples during numerical modelling is introduced. The numerical simulations were conducted on samples exhibiting the roughness profiles having statistically same mean roughness as the additively manufactured coupons and the results were compared to that obtained from the intended smooth-profiled CAD models that were fed into the printing machines. The analysis showed that inclusion of roughness effects in computational models can significantly improve the thermal performance predictions. Through this study, we demonstrate that additively manufactured ordered lattices exhibit superior thermal transport characteristics and future developmental efforts would require extensive experimentations to characterize their thermal and flow performance as well as local surface quality and AM-induced defect recognition. Experimental findings would also need to be supported by computational efforts where configurations which closely mimic the real AM parts could be modeled. A combined experimental-numerical framework is recommended for advancements in metal additive manufacturing-enabled enhanced heat transfer concepts.