Bei der Anwendung von Radarsensoren zur Fahrzeug-Umfelderfassung müssen verwendete Blenden (Radome), welche den Sensor vor externen Einflüssen schützen und das Fahrzeugdesign unterstützen, die hochfrequente elektromagnetische Welle ohne Beeinflussung transmittieren. Allerdings werden beim Durchstrahlen eines Bauteils unterschiedliche Anteile der Welle absorbiert, reflektiert oder transmittiert. Mit dem Ziel die Transmission von Materialien zu erhöhen, werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Einflüsse auf den Materialparameter Permittivität von Kunststoffen und Lacken untersucht. Dadurch kann auch die praktische Umsetzbarkeit der theoretisch hergeleiteten Kompensationsmethoden für hochreflektierende Lacke nachgewiesen werden. Zur Absicherung der Radarfunktion müssen darüber hinaus auch Einflussfaktoren aus Design, Fertigungsprozess und Umgebung bekannt sein.:1 Einleitung 2 Problemstellung und Zielsetzung 3 Stand der Wissenschaft 4 Elektromagnetische Eigenschaften von Kunststoffen 5 Einfluss elektromagnetischer Eigenschaften von Lacken 6 Radome im Gesamtaufbau 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Anhang / When radar sensors are used for vehicle environment scanning, the cover (radome) used to protect the sensor from external influences and support the vehicle design must transmit the high-frequency electromagnetic wave without interference. However, when the wave passes through a component it is absorbed, reflected or transmitted. The range of the radar sensor can be reduced, the sensor can be blinded by reflections and inhomogeneous reflection distributions can lead to angular errors. To increase the transmission of materials, the influences on the material parameter permittivity of plastics and paints are investigated. Furthermore, the practical feasibility of the theoretically derived compensation methods for highly reflective paints can be demonstrated. To ensure the radar function, influencing factors, including the design, the manufacturing process and environment, must also be known.:1 Einleitung 2 Problemstellung und Zielsetzung 3 Stand der Wissenschaft 4 Elektromagnetische Eigenschaften von Kunststoffen 5 Einfluss elektromagnetischer Eigenschaften von Lacken 6 Radome im Gesamtaufbau 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Anhang

The master’s thesis deals with the piezoelectric coefficients, the resonance frequency and especially the piezoelectric constants verification. With the assistance of several devices, for instance LCR-meter HIOKI 3532, impedance analyzer Agilent 4294A and LCR-meter Agilent E4980A, the resonance and the anti-resonance frequencies as well as impedance and capacitance of samples are measured. The paper opens with the theory of the piezoelectric phenomenon and the difference between direct and indirect piezoelectric phenomenon, it also describes the basic behaviour of a piezoelectric ceramic element during mechanical straining or applied voltage. Further, the paper concerns the description of various piezoelectric constants and their calculations. Subsequent part of the paper is devoted to the temperature dependence of the main piezoelectric parameters of PZT ceramics. The materials coefficients are delineated as a function of temperature of the piezoelectric charge coefficients dij, relative permittivity r, electromechanical coupling factor kij and frequency constants Ni. One of the chapters also determines the piezoelectric charge constant d33 of PZT ceramics by laser interferometer and compares it with the value measured by resonance methods. The surface displacement was measured by a single-beam interferometer Polytec OFV-5000. The results of measurements of piezoelectric charge coefficients d33 acquired by the first and the second method are identical. The last section of the paper is focused on different methods of experimental studies on the characteristics of heat transfer by diffusing heat through conduction between the silver-plated surface of cylinder made of PZT ceramics. The effect on the resonance and the anti-resonance frequencies is monitored. There after, the real heat, determined by thermo camera and the physical model of heat transfer created in program COMSOL Multiphysics, is analysed.