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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Molecular studies of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors and estrogen receptors in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Ma, Chi-him, Eddie. January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-144) Also available in print.
102

Effect of hormonal interaction on desensitization of the adrenocorticotropin response to arginine vasopressin in ovine anterior pituitary cells : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry at the University of Canterbury /

Fan, Shujun. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-75). Also available via the World Wide Web.
103

Neurobiological correlates of brain stimulation reward and ethanol withdrawal in the rat /

Macey, Darrel John. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-132).
104

The role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)--NR2b subunit in female reproductive aging

Maffucci, Jacqueline Ann. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
105

Kisspeptin and neurokinin B in the regulation of the human hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Skorupskaite, Karolina January 2017 (has links)
Background: Hypothalamic kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are central regulators of GnRH and thus gonadotropin (LH and FSH) secretion. Men and women with loss-of-function mutations in NKB-kisspeptin pathway show hypogonadotropic pubertal delay with reduced GnRH/LH pulsatility. Studies in patients with defects in NKB signalling suggest that kisspeptin is functionally downstream of NKB, although there are very limited data on the relevance of the NKB pathway in normal men or women, and no hierarchical data on this. The studies described in this thesis have investigated the interaction between these neuropeptides in the control of human reproduction in conditions of varying sex-steroid environment, and in states of fast and slow LH secretion (men, menopause, various stages across the menstrual cycle). Overall hypothesis: Pharmacological blockade of NKB signalling will decrease LH secretion by modulating GnRH/LH pulsatility, indicating the involvement of the NKB pathway in normal human reproductive function. It is also hypothesised that this will not abrogate the stimulatory kisspeptin response, revealing a functional hierarchy whereby NKB signalling is upstream of kisspeptin. Research strategy: A specific neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist (NK3R antagonist, AZD4901) was administered 40 mg twice daily orally for 7 days with and without kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) challenge. Response of reproductive hormones (serum and urinary where applicable) was measured. LH was sampled every 10 minutes for 8 hours to assess LH pulsatility by blinded deconvolution. Results: Role of neurokinin B and kisspeptin in healthy men Six healthy men underwent LH pulsatility study pre-treatment and on day 7 of NK3R antagonist administration with iv KP-10 bolus (0.3 μg/kg) at 6 hours. NK3R antagonist reduced LH and testosterone secretion, whilst stimulatory LH response to KP-10 was unaffected. LH pulse frequency was unchanged by the NK3R antagonist but basal (nonpulsatile) and pulsatile LH secretion was markedly reduced. Role of neurokinin B and kisspeptin in postmenopausal women Eleven postmenopausal women underwent LH pulsatility study pre-treatment and on day 7 of NK3R antagonist administration with iv KP-10 bolus (0.3 μg/kg) at 6 hours. NK3R antagonist decreased LH secretion. Basal (nonpulsatile) LH secretion also fell and while LH pulse frequency did not change in a group as a whole, it did fall in the 8 of 11 postmenopausal womenwith hot flushes. These women reported a reduction in hot flush frequency (3.4±1.2 vs 1.0± 0.6 flushes/day with NK3Ra, p=0.008) and severity whilst on NK3R antagonist. LH response to KP-10 was minimal and unaffected by the NK3R antagonist. Role of neurokinin B across different phases of menstrual cycle The effect of NK3R antagonist on ovarian function was compared in early follicular (n=13), late follicular (n=6) and luteal phase (n=6) to no treatment control cycle. Early follicular: NK3R antagonist was commenced from cycle day 5-6. The diameter of the leading follicle was smaller than in controls at the end of treatment (9.3±0.4 vs 15.1±0.9 mm, p < 0.0001). Serum estradiol was also reduced and the endometrium was thinner. Although NK3R antagonist had no effect on LH pulse frequency, basal (nonpulsatile) LH secretion was decreased, suggesting that NKB modulates GnRH secretion. After stopping treatment, follicle development resumed and estradiol secretion increased thereby delaying the LH surge in 11/13 women (LH surge cycle day 22±1 vs 15±1, p=0.0006). The delayed LH surge and ovulation were confirmed by a similarly delayed rise in urinary progesterone and prolonged cycle length. NK3R antagonist did not affect luteal function. Late follicular: NK3R antagonist was administered from the emergence of a dominant follicle (≥12mm). Whilst there was an LH surge in all treated cycles, estrogen feedback was perturbed by the NK3R antagonist, as there was increased variation in the timing of LH surge compared to control cycle. NK3R antagonist had no effect on the growth of a dominant follicle and luteal function was unaffected. Luteal: NK3R antagonist was administered from day +2-3 of the disappearance of the dominant follicle. NK3R antagonist reduced the variation in the timing of peak estradiol secretion. Estradiol and progesterone concentrations remained unchanged, suggesting that luteal function was overall unaffected by this treatment. No difference in mean LH was observed, although LH pulsatility was not assessed. Role of neurokinin B and kisspeptin in the mid-cycle LH surge A model of follicular phase (cycle day 9-11) administration of estradiol (200μg/day) to induce LH secretion at 48 hours was used in twenty women, mimicking LH surge. In this model, KP-10 infusion (4μg/kg/hr for 7 hours) enhanced LH secretion, the response of which was directly correlated with estrogen concentration, indicating a role of kisspeptin in estrogen feedback. Pre-treatment with NK3R antagonist decreased LH pulse frequency and whilst the immediate LH response to KP-10 was unaffected, it blunted the duration of this response and abolished the relationship between estradiol and kisspeptin-induced LH secretion. Conclusions: These data indicate the role of NKB-KP pathway in regulating human reproductive function and that this is via the modulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion. Whilst NKB is predominantly proximal to kisspeptin, the hierarchy is more complex than simply linear in the control of human HPG axis. Manipulation of NKB-KP signalling has therapeutic potential in regulating GnRH/LH secretion in wide range of clinical settings, including contraception, sex-steroid dependent disorders and in the treatment of hot flushes.
106

Perfil de expressão do receptor do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em materiais de biópsia de pacientes portadores de melanoma maligno

Marrone, Bianca Fontana January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A incidência de melanoma maligno (MM) está aumentando mundialmente e o manejo de pacientes com doença avançada representa um difícil problema. Durante décadas, a quimioterapia foi o tratamento padrão no tratamento de pacientes com MM metastático. Entretanto, essa modalidade tem produzido resultados desapontadores. Recentemente, com os avanços no conhecimento sobre os eventos moleculares relacionados ao desenvolvimento do MM, novas drogas dirigidas a alvos moleculares de relevância na doença têm sido identificadas. O peptídeo liberador de gastrina (GRP) é um peptídeo neuroendócrino, o qual possui efeito estimulador no crescimento em vários tipos de neoplasias murinas e humanas. Poucos dados são conhecidos em relação à expressão de receptores de GRP (GRPR) em materiais de biópsia de pacientes portadores de MM. A identificação de uma expressão elevada destes receptores no MM poderá permitir uma maior compreensão sobre a biologia desta neoplasia, bem como embasar estudos com o uso de moduladores desta via de sinalização com potencial ação terapêutica. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a expressão de receptores de GRP em biópsias de pacientes com MM, bem como buscar eventuais correlações entre os níveis de expressão de GRPR e fatores prognósticos reconhecidos nesta doença. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo imuno-histoquímico (IHQ) em blocos fixados em formalina e embebidos em parafina, contendo material de biópsia de 51 pacientes portadores de MM cutâneo. Utilizou-se um anticorpo policlonal de coelho anti-GRPR (OPA1-15619, Affinity Bioreagents, USA). Após a quantificação da expressão de GRPR nas amostras, foram analisadas as diferenças de expressão entre subgrupos prognósticos, com a aplicação do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A expressão de GRPR foi demonstrada no citoplasma de 42 das 51 (82,4%) amostras de MM cutâneo. A expressão foi considerada forte em 30 amostras (58,9%). Não foi observada diferença significativa na expressão de GRPR quando foram analisadas amostras de MM em sítio primário versus metastático. Foram correlacionados os escores da expressão de GRPR com os achados patológicos associados ao prognóstico do MM cutâneo primário, não tendo sido detectadas diferenças significativas com relação aos níveis de Clark (p=0,35) e Índice espessura de Breslow (p= 0,175). Conclusão: Nosso trabalho mostrou uma expressão de GRPR em amostras de MM cutâneo na vasta maioria dos casos (82,4%). Em 30 amostras (58.3%), a expressão de GRPR foi considerada de forte intensidade. Não houve associação entre a intensidade de expressão de GRPR quando comparadas amostras de sítio primário versus metastático, níveis de Clark ou índices de Breslow. Este estudo é um dos primeiros na literatura a descrever uma expressão de GRPR elevada em amostras obtidas de pacientes portadores de MM cutâneo. Estudos subsequentes, preferencialmente com um maior número amostral, são necessários para confirmar estes achados e permitir melhor análise da expressão deste receptor em distintos subgrupos prognósticos. Se confirmados, os nossos dados podem justificar a realização de estudos que explorem novas estratégias terapêuticas utilizando agentes moduladores da expressão de GRPR em pacientes com MM refratário ao tratamento convencional. / Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) is increasing worldwide and the management of patients with disseminated disease is a difficult problem. Chemotherapy was the treatment of choice in metastatic melanomas for many decades. However, this option produces disappointing results. Recently, the better understanding about molecular events related do the development of MM allowed the development of new drugs directed against specific molecular targets. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuroendocrine peptide shown to have growth-stimulatory effects on many types of murine and human cancers. Few data are available about GRP receptor (GRPR) expression in MM. The understanding about the molecular biology of MM may allow the identification of novel intracellular pathways of relevance in this disease, and potential GRPR modulators of therapeutic application in patients with refractory MM. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the GRPR expression in biopsy samples of patients with cutaneous MM, as well as to correlate its expression with known prognostic factors of relevance in this disease. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 51 patients with cutaneous MM. A rabbit polyclonal anti-GRPR antibody (OPA1-15619, Affinity Bioreagents, USA) was used. Following the quantification of GRPR expression in the samples, the differences in GRPR expression among distinct prognostic MM subgroups were analyzed, using the Fisher´s test. Results: GRPR immunoexpression was demonstrated in cytoplasm of 42/51 (82.4%) cutaneous MM cases. It was strongly expressed in 30 (58.9%) of the samples. No significant differences between GRPR expression neither in relation to the primary or metastatic site, nor among known prognostic subgroups Clark´s level (p=0.35) and Breslow index ( p= 0.175) was observed. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated the occurrence of a high GRPR expression in tumor specimens obtained from patients with cutaneous MM (82,4%). In 30 samples, a strong intensity of expression was documented (58.3%). No correlation was observed between the level of GRPR expression in primary or metastatic sites, nor for distinct Clark´s levels or Breslow index. This is one of the first studies demonstrating a high GRPR expression in tumor samples from patients with MM. Further studies are warranted, preferably including a larger patient population, to allow a better analysis of the expression of these receptors in different prognostic subgroups. If these observations are confirmed, the therapeutic use of GRPR inhibitors should be considered in patients with advanced MM who failed conventional treatments.
107

Atividade dos neurônios noradrenérgicos do Locus coeruleus e o conteúdo de GnRH em ratas Wistar acíclicas

Nicola, Angela Cristina de [UNESP] 02 August 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000742177.pdf: 1654502 bytes, checksum: 866898964213e96038c110158bf8a746 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / As alterações nos componentes reprodutivos do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas em muitas fêmeas de mamíferos determinam a transição gradual de ciclos reprodutivos regulares para ciclos irregulares, com perda de fertilidade. A interação dos neurônios do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) e esteróides gonadais representa função chave na neurobiologia do envelhecimento, pois a sobreposição temporal da senescência endócrina e neural está mecanicamente interligada pelas alças de retroalimentação. Estímulos do locus coeruleus (LC) para a área pré-óptica (APO) e eminência mediana são essenciais para a liberação das gonadotrofinas e seus neurônios apresentam receptores para estrógeno e progesterona, sugerindo controle dos esteróides ovarianos. Neste estudo foi avaliado a atividade de células neuronais localizadas em áreas e núcleos envolvidos com o controle de ação dos neurônios GnRH de ratas Wistar no período de transição para a aciclicidade. Para este trabalho foram utilizadas fêmeas Wistar cíclicas (4 meses) e acíclicas (18-20 meses) submetidas à decapitação ou perfusão às 10, 14 e 18 h na fase do diestro. Após serem retirados, os cérebros dos animais decapitados foram congelados e armazenados para posterior determinação do conteúdo de GnRH hipotalâmico e do conteúdo de noradrenalina e dopamina na APO. Os cérebros perfundidos foram cortados seriadamente em secções coronais de 30 μm para a APO e o LC e... / Changes in reproductive components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in many female mammals determine the gradual transition from regular reproductive cycles to irregular cycles, with loss of fertility. The interaction of neurons of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadal steroids represents key role in the neurobiology of aging, because the temporal overlap of endocrine and neural senescence is mechanically interconnected by feedback loops. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) for the preoptic area (POA) and median eminence are essential for the release of gonadotropins and their neurons have receptors for estrogen and progesterone, suggesting control of ovarian steroids. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the activity of neuronal cells located in areas and nuclei involved in the control of action of GnRH neurons of female rats during the transition to acyclicity. For this study, we used cyclic female (4 months) and acyclic (18-20 months) rats underwent perfusion or decapitation at 10, 14 and 18 h of diestrus day. The brains from decapitated animals, after removed, were frozen and stored for subsequent determination of the hypothalamic GnRH content and the noradrenaline and dopamine content in the POA. The perfused brains were serially cut into coronal sections of 30 μm to POA and LC and subsequently submitted to immunohistochemical labeling for Fos (FRA) and FRA / TH, respectively. For quantitative analysis of the POA were considered plates containing AVPe being the counting of neurons FRA-ir performed from the insertion of the box with... / FAPESP: 12/14464-6
108

Perfil de expressão do receptor do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em materiais de biópsia de pacientes portadores de melanoma maligno

Marrone, Bianca Fontana January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A incidência de melanoma maligno (MM) está aumentando mundialmente e o manejo de pacientes com doença avançada representa um difícil problema. Durante décadas, a quimioterapia foi o tratamento padrão no tratamento de pacientes com MM metastático. Entretanto, essa modalidade tem produzido resultados desapontadores. Recentemente, com os avanços no conhecimento sobre os eventos moleculares relacionados ao desenvolvimento do MM, novas drogas dirigidas a alvos moleculares de relevância na doença têm sido identificadas. O peptídeo liberador de gastrina (GRP) é um peptídeo neuroendócrino, o qual possui efeito estimulador no crescimento em vários tipos de neoplasias murinas e humanas. Poucos dados são conhecidos em relação à expressão de receptores de GRP (GRPR) em materiais de biópsia de pacientes portadores de MM. A identificação de uma expressão elevada destes receptores no MM poderá permitir uma maior compreensão sobre a biologia desta neoplasia, bem como embasar estudos com o uso de moduladores desta via de sinalização com potencial ação terapêutica. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a expressão de receptores de GRP em biópsias de pacientes com MM, bem como buscar eventuais correlações entre os níveis de expressão de GRPR e fatores prognósticos reconhecidos nesta doença. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo imuno-histoquímico (IHQ) em blocos fixados em formalina e embebidos em parafina, contendo material de biópsia de 51 pacientes portadores de MM cutâneo. Utilizou-se um anticorpo policlonal de coelho anti-GRPR (OPA1-15619, Affinity Bioreagents, USA). Após a quantificação da expressão de GRPR nas amostras, foram analisadas as diferenças de expressão entre subgrupos prognósticos, com a aplicação do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A expressão de GRPR foi demonstrada no citoplasma de 42 das 51 (82,4%) amostras de MM cutâneo. A expressão foi considerada forte em 30 amostras (58,9%). Não foi observada diferença significativa na expressão de GRPR quando foram analisadas amostras de MM em sítio primário versus metastático. Foram correlacionados os escores da expressão de GRPR com os achados patológicos associados ao prognóstico do MM cutâneo primário, não tendo sido detectadas diferenças significativas com relação aos níveis de Clark (p=0,35) e Índice espessura de Breslow (p= 0,175). Conclusão: Nosso trabalho mostrou uma expressão de GRPR em amostras de MM cutâneo na vasta maioria dos casos (82,4%). Em 30 amostras (58.3%), a expressão de GRPR foi considerada de forte intensidade. Não houve associação entre a intensidade de expressão de GRPR quando comparadas amostras de sítio primário versus metastático, níveis de Clark ou índices de Breslow. Este estudo é um dos primeiros na literatura a descrever uma expressão de GRPR elevada em amostras obtidas de pacientes portadores de MM cutâneo. Estudos subsequentes, preferencialmente com um maior número amostral, são necessários para confirmar estes achados e permitir melhor análise da expressão deste receptor em distintos subgrupos prognósticos. Se confirmados, os nossos dados podem justificar a realização de estudos que explorem novas estratégias terapêuticas utilizando agentes moduladores da expressão de GRPR em pacientes com MM refratário ao tratamento convencional. / Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) is increasing worldwide and the management of patients with disseminated disease is a difficult problem. Chemotherapy was the treatment of choice in metastatic melanomas for many decades. However, this option produces disappointing results. Recently, the better understanding about molecular events related do the development of MM allowed the development of new drugs directed against specific molecular targets. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuroendocrine peptide shown to have growth-stimulatory effects on many types of murine and human cancers. Few data are available about GRP receptor (GRPR) expression in MM. The understanding about the molecular biology of MM may allow the identification of novel intracellular pathways of relevance in this disease, and potential GRPR modulators of therapeutic application in patients with refractory MM. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the GRPR expression in biopsy samples of patients with cutaneous MM, as well as to correlate its expression with known prognostic factors of relevance in this disease. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 51 patients with cutaneous MM. A rabbit polyclonal anti-GRPR antibody (OPA1-15619, Affinity Bioreagents, USA) was used. Following the quantification of GRPR expression in the samples, the differences in GRPR expression among distinct prognostic MM subgroups were analyzed, using the Fisher´s test. Results: GRPR immunoexpression was demonstrated in cytoplasm of 42/51 (82.4%) cutaneous MM cases. It was strongly expressed in 30 (58.9%) of the samples. No significant differences between GRPR expression neither in relation to the primary or metastatic site, nor among known prognostic subgroups Clark´s level (p=0.35) and Breslow index ( p= 0.175) was observed. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated the occurrence of a high GRPR expression in tumor specimens obtained from patients with cutaneous MM (82,4%). In 30 samples, a strong intensity of expression was documented (58.3%). No correlation was observed between the level of GRPR expression in primary or metastatic sites, nor for distinct Clark´s levels or Breslow index. This is one of the first studies demonstrating a high GRPR expression in tumor samples from patients with MM. Further studies are warranted, preferably including a larger patient population, to allow a better analysis of the expression of these receptors in different prognostic subgroups. If these observations are confirmed, the therapeutic use of GRPR inhibitors should be considered in patients with advanced MM who failed conventional treatments.
109

Perfil de expressão do receptor do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em materiais de biópsia de pacientes portadores de melanoma maligno

Marrone, Bianca Fontana January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A incidência de melanoma maligno (MM) está aumentando mundialmente e o manejo de pacientes com doença avançada representa um difícil problema. Durante décadas, a quimioterapia foi o tratamento padrão no tratamento de pacientes com MM metastático. Entretanto, essa modalidade tem produzido resultados desapontadores. Recentemente, com os avanços no conhecimento sobre os eventos moleculares relacionados ao desenvolvimento do MM, novas drogas dirigidas a alvos moleculares de relevância na doença têm sido identificadas. O peptídeo liberador de gastrina (GRP) é um peptídeo neuroendócrino, o qual possui efeito estimulador no crescimento em vários tipos de neoplasias murinas e humanas. Poucos dados são conhecidos em relação à expressão de receptores de GRP (GRPR) em materiais de biópsia de pacientes portadores de MM. A identificação de uma expressão elevada destes receptores no MM poderá permitir uma maior compreensão sobre a biologia desta neoplasia, bem como embasar estudos com o uso de moduladores desta via de sinalização com potencial ação terapêutica. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a expressão de receptores de GRP em biópsias de pacientes com MM, bem como buscar eventuais correlações entre os níveis de expressão de GRPR e fatores prognósticos reconhecidos nesta doença. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo imuno-histoquímico (IHQ) em blocos fixados em formalina e embebidos em parafina, contendo material de biópsia de 51 pacientes portadores de MM cutâneo. Utilizou-se um anticorpo policlonal de coelho anti-GRPR (OPA1-15619, Affinity Bioreagents, USA). Após a quantificação da expressão de GRPR nas amostras, foram analisadas as diferenças de expressão entre subgrupos prognósticos, com a aplicação do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A expressão de GRPR foi demonstrada no citoplasma de 42 das 51 (82,4%) amostras de MM cutâneo. A expressão foi considerada forte em 30 amostras (58,9%). Não foi observada diferença significativa na expressão de GRPR quando foram analisadas amostras de MM em sítio primário versus metastático. Foram correlacionados os escores da expressão de GRPR com os achados patológicos associados ao prognóstico do MM cutâneo primário, não tendo sido detectadas diferenças significativas com relação aos níveis de Clark (p=0,35) e Índice espessura de Breslow (p= 0,175). Conclusão: Nosso trabalho mostrou uma expressão de GRPR em amostras de MM cutâneo na vasta maioria dos casos (82,4%). Em 30 amostras (58.3%), a expressão de GRPR foi considerada de forte intensidade. Não houve associação entre a intensidade de expressão de GRPR quando comparadas amostras de sítio primário versus metastático, níveis de Clark ou índices de Breslow. Este estudo é um dos primeiros na literatura a descrever uma expressão de GRPR elevada em amostras obtidas de pacientes portadores de MM cutâneo. Estudos subsequentes, preferencialmente com um maior número amostral, são necessários para confirmar estes achados e permitir melhor análise da expressão deste receptor em distintos subgrupos prognósticos. Se confirmados, os nossos dados podem justificar a realização de estudos que explorem novas estratégias terapêuticas utilizando agentes moduladores da expressão de GRPR em pacientes com MM refratário ao tratamento convencional. / Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) is increasing worldwide and the management of patients with disseminated disease is a difficult problem. Chemotherapy was the treatment of choice in metastatic melanomas for many decades. However, this option produces disappointing results. Recently, the better understanding about molecular events related do the development of MM allowed the development of new drugs directed against specific molecular targets. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuroendocrine peptide shown to have growth-stimulatory effects on many types of murine and human cancers. Few data are available about GRP receptor (GRPR) expression in MM. The understanding about the molecular biology of MM may allow the identification of novel intracellular pathways of relevance in this disease, and potential GRPR modulators of therapeutic application in patients with refractory MM. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the GRPR expression in biopsy samples of patients with cutaneous MM, as well as to correlate its expression with known prognostic factors of relevance in this disease. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 51 patients with cutaneous MM. A rabbit polyclonal anti-GRPR antibody (OPA1-15619, Affinity Bioreagents, USA) was used. Following the quantification of GRPR expression in the samples, the differences in GRPR expression among distinct prognostic MM subgroups were analyzed, using the Fisher´s test. Results: GRPR immunoexpression was demonstrated in cytoplasm of 42/51 (82.4%) cutaneous MM cases. It was strongly expressed in 30 (58.9%) of the samples. No significant differences between GRPR expression neither in relation to the primary or metastatic site, nor among known prognostic subgroups Clark´s level (p=0.35) and Breslow index ( p= 0.175) was observed. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated the occurrence of a high GRPR expression in tumor specimens obtained from patients with cutaneous MM (82,4%). In 30 samples, a strong intensity of expression was documented (58.3%). No correlation was observed between the level of GRPR expression in primary or metastatic sites, nor for distinct Clark´s levels or Breslow index. This is one of the first studies demonstrating a high GRPR expression in tumor samples from patients with MM. Further studies are warranted, preferably including a larger patient population, to allow a better analysis of the expression of these receptors in different prognostic subgroups. If these observations are confirmed, the therapeutic use of GRPR inhibitors should be considered in patients with advanced MM who failed conventional treatments.
110

Experimental studies on luteinizing hormone releasing factor in hypophysial portal blood

Fink, George January 1967 (has links)
No description available.

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