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CONSTITUCIONALISMO BRASILEIRO E MULTICULTURALISMO A AFIRMAÇÃO DAS DIFERENÇAS RELIGIOSAS / Brazilian constitutionalism and multiculturalism: the affirmation of religious differences.Nakano, Vinícius Wagner de Sousa Maia 08 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-08 / It is investigated the way in which constitutionalism, multiculturalism and religion are
related dialogically in the construction of identities and religious differences
throughout the history of Brazilian constitutionalism. Religious identities erect
boundaries that establish conceptual and semiotic limits and barriers, influencing
behaviors and ways of thinking, as well as the ways in which subjects represent and
self-represent their religious condition. This influences how the state produces laws
and how state agents interpret and enforce laws. Identities and differences translate
into the discursive plane in the figures of different subjects, statements and
discourses, which often collide with each other. In addition, boundaries and barriers
have changed in the course of history, which can be noted in the discursive plane, in
the way in which the concept of religion was constructed juridically, despite the
historical enunciation of religious freedom and worship in the texts Of Brazilian
constitutions. This concept was altered when new actors began to question the
hegemonic discourse of a Catholic matrix, incorporated into the discourse of the
State for the long period of validity of the royal patron, and after, when attempting to
construct the national identity. Adepts of different religions, as different discursive
actors, throughout this historical path, have lived in a complex network of power
relations, in which belonging to a particular religion can mean - in terms of a look of a
subject that integrates a hegemonic discourse - be associated, with illicit practices,
with distrust, contempt, prejudice and discrimination. The re-signification of this
association has only occurred in the face of the emergence of new discursive,
counter-hegemonic actors and the empowerment of minorities and vulnerable
groups, previously silenced, invisible and denied in their own condition of being and
existence. The changes can be attributed, in part, to the processes of secularization
and pluralism that have made constitutionalism possible as a normative theory of
politics, which imposes limits on the power of the state and guarantees human and
fundamental rights, and especially praxis Dialogical in the Bakhtinian sense, which
makes possible the coexistence of different subjects, statements and religious
discourses in the same political community. In this way different religious practices
have migrated from the field of illegality to the field of lawfulness, although this does
not imply that the perception of religious freedom is experienced in the same way by
the different actors from their own discourses. / Investiga-se a forma como o constitucionalismo, o multiculturalismo e a religião se
relacionam dialogicamente na construção das identidades e das diferenças
religiosas ao longo da história do constitucionalismo brasileiro. As identidades
religiosas erguem fronteiras que estabelecem limites e barreiras conceituais e
semióticas, influenciando comportamentos e formas de pensamento, e também os
modos como os sujeitos representam e autorrepresentam sua condição religiosa.
Isso influencia a forma como o Estado produz as leis e como os agentes do Estado
interpretam e aplicam as leis. Identidades e diferenças traduzem-se no plano
discursivo nas figuras de diferentes sujeitos, enunciados e discursos, os quais
muitas vezes colidem entre si. Além disso, fronteiras, limites e barreiras tem se
alterado no curso da história, o que pode ser notado no plano discursivo, na forma
como foi construído juridicamente o conceito de religião, a despeito, da histórica
enunciação da liberdade religiosa e de culto nos textos das constituições brasileiras.
Este conceito alterou-se quando novos atores passaram a questionar o discurso
hegemônico de matriz católica, incorporado ao discurso do Estado pelo longo
período de vigência do padroado régio, e após, quando da tentativa de construção
da identidade nacional. Adeptos de diferentes religiões, como diferentes atores
discursivos ao longo desse percurso histórico, têm vivido numa complexa trama de
relações de poder, na qual o pertencimento a uma determinada religião pode
significar - em termos de um olhar de um sujeito que integre um discurso
hegemônico - estar associado, com práticas ilícitas, com a desconfiança, com o
desprezo, o preconceito e a discriminação. A ressignificação desta associação
somente vem ocorrendo diante da emergência de novos atores discursivos, contrahegemônicos,
e do empoderamento de minorias e grupos vulneráveis, antes
silenciados, invisibilizados e negados em sua própria condição de ser e existir. As
mudanças podem ser atribuídas, em parte, aos processos de secularização e
pluralismo, que tornaram possível o constitucionalismo como teoria normativa da
política segundo a qual se impõem limites ao poder do Estado e asseguram-se os
direitos humanos e fundamentais, e principalmente à práxis dialógica no sentido
bakhtiniano, que torna possível a coexistência de diferentes sujeitos, enunciados e
discursos religiosos na mesma comunidade política. Por este caminho diferentes
práticas religiosas migraram do campo da ilicitude para o campo da licitude, ainda
que isso não implique dizer que a percepção de liberdade religiosa seja
experimentada da mesma maneira pelos diversos atores a partir de seus próprios
discursos.
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The Experiences of Non-Muslim Caucasian Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists Working with South Asian and Middle Eastern Muslim ClientsArshad, Zara 20 May 2015 (has links)
This qualitative study investigated the experiences of eight non-Muslim Caucasian Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists working with South Asian and Middle Eastern Muslim clients. Semi-structured interviews were used to examine the challenges and strengths that resulted from ethnic/racial and religious differences with clients of this population, and how the challenges and strengths were managed in therapy. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the themes that emerged were organized based on the areas of inquiry, which included: challenges that come from ethnic/racial and religious differences, strategies and recommendations to address ethnic/racial and religious differences and the challenges created by them, strengths that come from ethnic/racial and religious differences, and what therapists needed. Limitations, clinical implications, and directions for future research are discussed. / Master of Science
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