The environment is one of the most significant global issues of today and companies and company leaders have realized its increased importance. In order to improve stakeholder relations and company transparency many companies have started to report their environmental performance through the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework. The purpose of our thesis is thus to examine how companies report their environmental performance in accordance with GRI. We examine the reporting by companies during a three year period to see if there has been a change in the way they report. Further, we intend to examine possible differences between the companies’ reporting. The three companies examined in this thesis all use the GRI framework when making their Sustainability Reports. They however report their environmental work differently as they can choose exactly how to report and what kind of information to add to the reports. The diverse information given in the reports complicates a comparison between the companies environmental reporting. Legislation can make comparison between the companies reporting more credible.

This study examines injury in competitive bodychecking and non-body checking youth ice hockey in male and female leagues in Ontario and Quebec. This study consisted of three parts: (1) quantifying the amount of injuries; (2) document situational factors in which hockey injuries occur; (3) observe play and interview parents to understand deeper subjective feelings towards injury and bodychecking. The research utilized a mixed method approach consisting of game observation, postgame injury assessments and semi-structured interviewing with parents. For this thesis, 56 games total were attended and only parents from the bodychecking team were interviewed. All games were video recorded through a dual camera video system. Game footage was then analyzed frame by frame to pinpoint injury locations, points of impact and situational factors surrounding the injury. Field-notes and interviews with parents allowed for a comprehensive look into the feelings and emotions surrounding injury and bodychecking. Results from the research revealed; 1) a disproportionately higher rate of injury in bodychecking hockey comparared to non-bodychecking male and female hockey; 2) an overwhelming percentage of injuries were the result of player and board contact; 3) majority of injuries occurred on legal play; and 4) parents support the concept of delaying bodychecking till later ages.

I dagens samhälle där vi förbrukar allt mer resurser har frågorna om hur vi ska göra för att få en hållbar utveckling blivit allt viktigare. Det finns ett stort intresse för dessa frågor och många ställer krav på företagen att ta ansvar för sin påverkan på samhället och att arbeta för en hållbar utveckling. Detta har lett till att många företag idag arbetar med och även redovisar hur de arbetar med ansvars- och hållbarhetsfrågor.  Regeringen har ställt kravet att alla statliga bolag från och med räkenskapsåret 2008 ska upprätta en hållbarhetsredovisning enligt Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). GRI är ett ramverk för hållbarhetsredovisning som kan användas som ett verktyg för att redovisa, utveckla och styra hålllbarhetsarbetet med. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om företag använder GRI som ett verktyg för att förbättra hållbarhetsarbetet samt hur företagen använder det. Studien genomfördes som en fallstudie där kvalitativ data samlades in genom intervjuer. Datainsamlingen bestod främst av intervjuer med de hållbarhetsansvarige på fyra företag i Stockholm. Genom studien kunde slutsatsen dras att de fyra undersökta företagen inte använder GRI som ett verktyg för att förbättra hållbarhetsarbetet i direkt mening. Däremot använder företagen GRI indirekt då ramverket behandlar områden som företagen redan har arbetat med. Hållbarhetsredovisningen används främst som ett renodlat redovisningsverktyg. En trolig förklaring till detta är att företagen redan hade väl utvecklade hållbarhetsarbeten samt att företagen såg svårigheter med att arbeta med GRI. En möjlig förklaring kunde även finnas i anledningarna till att företagen började använda GRI. Studien visade att företagen hade svårigheter med att urskilja vad som lett till en viss förändring, vilket gjorde det svårt för dem att veta om GRI var orsaken till den. En annan slutsats som kunde dras var att hållbarhetsredovisningen inte lett till många och stora konkreta förändringar i företagen. De förändringar som gick att urskilja var vissa förändringar i de interna rutinerna, ändrat fokus på hållbarhetsfrågorna och bättre struktur på hållbarhetsredovisningen. Genom studien kunde även slutsatsen dras att inget av företagen direkt använde indikatorerna som utgångspunkt för hållbarhetsarbetet. Samtliga företagen använde sig av olika styrtal och nyckeltal som de redan innan GRI tagit fram och arbetat med. En del av dessa var desamma som vissa indikatorer vilket innebar att indikatorerna indirekt blev en utgångspunkt i hållbarhetsarbetet. Slutligen kunde slutsatsen drag att företagen använder hållbarhetsredovisningen i andra former än som ett verktyg för att utforma hållbarhetsarbetet,  så som att lyfta hållbarhetsfrågorna på företaget.

This study examines injury in competitive bodychecking and non-body checking youth ice hockey in male and female leagues in Ontario and Quebec. This study consisted of three parts: (1) quantifying the amount of injuries; (2) document situational factors in which hockey injuries occur; (3) observe play and interview parents to understand deeper subjective feelings towards injury and bodychecking. The research utilized a mixed method approach consisting of game observation, postgame injury assessments and semi-structured interviewing with parents. For this thesis, 56 games total were attended and only parents from the bodychecking team were interviewed. All games were video recorded through a dual camera video system. Game footage was then analyzed frame by frame to pinpoint injury locations, points of impact and situational factors surrounding the injury. Field-notes and interviews with parents allowed for a comprehensive look into the feelings and emotions surrounding injury and bodychecking. Results from the research revealed; 1) a disproportionately higher rate of injury in bodychecking hockey comparared to non-bodychecking male and female hockey; 2) an overwhelming percentage of injuries were the result of player and board contact; 3) majority of injuries occurred on legal play; and 4) parents support the concept of delaying bodychecking till later ages.

Research on reporting crime to the police on the individual- and incident- levels has received much attention over the years. However, many studies examining neighborhood-level effects on reporting are limited in scope. The current study examines the relationship between neighborhood characteristics central to social disorganization theory and police notification. Data for this study were derived from Warner’s (2004) study entitled “Informal Social Control of Crime in High Drug Use Neighborhoods in Louisville and Lexington, Kentucky, 2000.” The analysis uses OLS regression models to isolate how different neighborhood characteristics impact reporting. Findings indicate that disadvantage and mobility have a positive effect on reporting but are mediated by social cohesion. Social cohesion has a negative effect on reporting while confidence in police had no significant effects. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Sustainability reporting aims to inform stakeholders of the companies’ activities within environmental, social and economic issues. The reporting is a tool to increase transparency and it shows the company’s effort to take responsibility and account for its actions. Assurance of sustainability reports is an increasing trend that strengthens the credibility of the reports. There is a risk, however, of management taking control over the assurance process. In order to improve the quality of the sustainability report and its usefulness for the stakeholders, reporting and assurance standards have evolved. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the assurance statements of sustainability reports of public listed companies in Sweden. The findings allow the evaluation of how the assurance process influences accountability and transparency. The study is a content analysis of eleven assurance statements from 2010. The findings are categorized and analysed by assurance provider: accountants and consultants. The difference between the assurance statements were mainly due to the assurance standard used. The assurance statements provided by the consultants were more descriptive and stakeholder oriented compared to the accountants. We highlight the importance of the assurance process’ usefulness and discuss the limited level of assurance applied in the engagements. We argue that, an open and standardized assurance process increases transparency that enables stakeholders to make own judgements whether the company takes responsibility and accounts for its actions. Transparency also creates incentives for the reporting company to be accountable. To increase transparency and accountability, it is essential to involve stakeholders in the assurance process.

Objective: Today, many healthcare organizations have implemented health care reporting systems in the hope of learning from experience to prevent or reduce adverse events, medical errors or accidents. However, most applications have failed or not been implemented as predicted. This study presents an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that integrates subjective norm, trust, and management support into the TAM to investigate what determines healthcare professional reporting system acceptance. Design: The proposed model was empirically tested using data collected from a survey in the hospital environment. The structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the causal model and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement model. Measurements: Questionnaire administered items measuring the behavioral intention to use the reporting system and five hypothesized antecedents. Results: Our findings indicated that all variables significantly affected healthcare professionals¡¦ behavioral intention to use the reporting system. Among them, the subjective norm had the most significant influence. Conclusion: The proposed model provides a means to understand what factors determine healthcare professional¡¦s behavioral intention to use a reporting system and how this may affect future use. In addition, antecedents to the behavioral intent can be used to predict reporting system acceptance in advance of system development.

Customer side automations including automatic metering reading and load interruption are parts of an overall distribution automations (DA). Fault detection isolation and service restoration are considered the most beneficial functions among various DA functions. Due to the extensive areas covered by the distribution network, it is difficult to gather all real-time information from the distribution network. In order to aid in the monitoring of the power delivery quality and detecting fault, an automatic reporting system based on a digital signal processor, a public telephone system and a database system is presented in this thesis. In this system when the sensor detects a low voltage or lose of power, an alarm call will be placed via the telephone network. It will also report the energy usage of customer on a regular base. The control center master then organizes all incoming data into a useful information and displays the locations as they occur. This system will be useful to monitor power at various levels of the distribution circuits.

Objective: Globally, about 50 to 100 million patients are infected with dengue fever per year and the average mortality rate is about 3.5 to 5% in Asia. Because of appropriate geographic location and cultural factors, dengue fever has been the important subject of infectious disease that Taiwan faces. In order to control and prevent the spread of dengue fever effectively, how to diagnose the suspected case correctly by the clinical symptoms and to improve the early reporting rates become critical research questions. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between clinical symptoms and diagnosis of dengue fever, and the factors associated with being reported at the first outpatient visit among confirmed case by using Dengue Fever Survey Form, which including demographics, clinical symptoms, level of the first outpatient visit and whether the patient is reported at the first outpatient visit. Design: 593 virologically confirmed cases during 2006 Dengue endemics in Kaohsiung city were studied. The data were from Dengue Fever Survey Form, which were collected from January 1 to December 31,2006. Result: The mean age of cases was 46.45¡Ó19.06 years (range 2 years to 89 years). The most common symptoms were fever (97.3%), pain (75.2%), GI symptoms (74.7%), skin rash (49.2%), and thirsty/dry mouth (49.1%). Chi-square tests showed gender, age in group, viral type, whether dengue hemorrhagic fever or not, level of the first outpatient visit, pain and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with being reported at the first outpatient visit. The result of the analysis of logistic regression indicated that the significant predictors of being reported at the first outpatient visit were gender, age in group, viral type, level of the first outpatient visit, gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue. Conclusion: Reporting of infectious disease is essential to detection of outbreaks, planning of control program and provision of appropriate treatment. Clinical symptoms of dengue fever and the level of the first outpatient visit will influence rates of being reported at the first outpatient visit. All medical providers involved in diagnosis and treatment of dengue fever should strengthen their knowledge by continuing learning in order to improve early identification rates. In addition, health department could try to improve the detection and reporting systems to make the reporting steps more convenient and advance early reporting rates.

Justus-Liebig-Universiẗat Gießen, Diplomarbeit--Gießen, 2005.