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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Into the Comfort Zone: Understanding Swine Thermal Preference

Lindsey A Robbins (10071391) 01 March 2021 (has links)
Exposure to thermal stress can negatively impact an animals' overall welfare, resulting in decreased body condition, lower reproductive success, and in severe cases, mortality. The swine industry has prioritized efficient production and as a result has gained rapid improvements in lean growth and increase litter sizes. Unfortunately, modern swine are unable to cope with the negative effects of heat stress. Thus, it is crucial to understand the preferred temperature of swine to create recommendations on when to initiate mitigation strategies to combat the negative effects of thermal stress. However, several different factors contribute to an animals' thermal comfort and thermal preference will differ based on age, reproductive stage, social context, early life thermal stress, and behavior. Thus, making it exceptionally difficult to classify an animal's thermal comfort zone. These studies aim to highlight how those factors influence thermal comfort in pigs and help guide recommendation polices for housing pigs in their preferred temperatures.<br>
2

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS DANOS OCASIONADOS POR Edessa meditabunda (F.), Chinavia impicticornis (Stal) e Piezodorus guildinii (West.) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) NA CULTURA DA SOJA / Characterization of damage caused by Edessa meditabunda (F.), Chinavia impicticornis (Stal) and Piezodorus guildinii (West.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to soybean

Husch, Patricia Elizabeth 29 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Elizabeth Husch.pdf: 1923789 bytes, checksum: 66b22bd82c197d61e9ab27b9feed842a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Experiments conducted in field cages (1.0 m x 1.0 m x 1.2 m) in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, with soybean NK 3363, during the 2010/2011 season, were designed to characterize and assess the damage caused by Edessa meditabunda, Chinavia impicticornis, and Piezodorus guildinii. The plants were infested with different population levels (0, two, and three adults/m) at different phenological phases, as follows: from the beginning of grain development up to maturation (R5.1-R9); 25% to 50% of seeds filled up to maturation (R5.3-R9); completely filled seeds up to maturation (R6-R9); physiological maturity (R7-R9). Two experiments were carried out: 1) the first with the species E. meditabunda and P. guildinii and the soybean sown on November 12, 2010 and harvested on April 8, 2011 (cycle of 147 days); 2) the second with the species C. impicticornis and P. guildinii and the soybean sown on December 16, 2010 and harvested on May 2, 2011 (cycle of 150 days). The following parameters were analyzed: leaf retention; germination; yield; damage estimate with tetrazolium, classified from 1 to 8; total number of non-viable seeds. Data underwent variance analysis and the Tukey test at 5% significance level. P. guildinii caused higher leaf retention during the longest infestation period (60 days, from R5.1 to R9), with an average retention index of 4.1 (41% to 60% of the plants with symptoms of leaf retention), whereas in the shortest period of infestation (21 days, from R7 to R9), the average retention index was 3.2. The lowest germination (66.5%) was observed in plants infested at the beginning of grain development (R5.1-R9) with three adults/m of P. guildinii, as well as in plants infested at the physiological maturity (R7-R9) with three adults/m of E. meditabunda (68.7%), a species that, in the same period of infestation, caused the highest number of non-viable seeds (18.0%). C. impicticornis infestation caused the lowest percentage of germination (76.5%) during phase R5.3 with two adults/m. The highest average percentage of seeds damaged occurred with infestations during R5.1-R9, with two and three adults/m of P. guildinii, when 22.6% to 25.0% of the seeds and 63.6% to 68.0% of the seeds were damaged in the first and second experiments, respectively, in a total of 50 seeds. E. meditabunda was responsible for the greatest damage in infestations at R7, with an average of 34.0% and 41.4% of the damaged seeds in the first and second experiments, respectively. C. impicticornis affected the highest number of seeds (approximately 54.0%) in infestations with two insects/m at R6. P. guildinii caused the severe damage (36.0% of non-viable seeds) in infestations during the longest period (R5.1-R9). No significant differences were observed between the periods of infestation with two and three insects/m. The highest reduction in viability and seed vigor was caused by infestations at R5.1 with three adults/m of P. guildinii, with only 64.0% of viable seeds and 38.7% of vigorous seeds. Yield (kg ha-1) was not significantly affected between the two periods of infestation and between different population levels. / Experimentos conduzidos em campo com gaiolas (1,0 m x 1,0 m x 1,2 m), em Ponta Grossa, Paraná, na cultura da soja, cv. NK 3363, na safra de 2010/2011, tiveram como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar os danos ocasionados pela alimentação de Edessa meditabunda, Chinavia impicticornis e Piezodorus guildinii. As plantas foram infestadas com diferentes níveis populacionais (0, dois e três adultos/m), em diferentes fases fenológicas, sendo elas: do início do desenvolvimento do grão até a maturação (R5.1-R9); 25% a 50% de granação até a maturação (R5.3-R9); semente completamente cheia até a maturação (R6-R9); maturidade fisiológica (R7-R9). Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: o primeiro, com as espécies E. meditabunda e P. guildinii e a soja semeada em 12 de novembro de 2010 e colhida em 8 de abril de 2011 (ciclo de 147 dias); o segundo, com as espécies C. impicticornis e P. guildinii e a soja semeada em 16 de dezembro de 2010 e colhida em 2 de maio de 2011 (ciclo de 150 dias). Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: retenção foliar; germinação; produtividade; danos estimados com análise de tetrazólio, sendo classificados de 1 a 8; número total de sementes danificadas, classificado de 6 a 8; número total de sementes inviabilizadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey no nível de 5% de probabilidade. P. guildinii causou maior retenção foliar no período mais longo de infestação (60 dias, de R5.1 a R9), com índice médio de 4,1 (41% a 60% das plantas com sintomas de retenção foliar), enquanto no período mais curto de infestação (21 dias, de R7 a R9), o índice médio de retenção foliar foi de 3,2. A menor germinação (66,5%) foi observada nas plantas infestadas no início do desenvolvimento dos grãos (R5.1-R9) com três adultos/m de P. guildinii, bem como nas plantas infestadas na maturidade fisiológica (R7-R9) com três adultos/m de E. meditabunda (68,7%), espécie que, neste mesmo período de infestação, causou o maior número de sementes inviáveis (18,0%). A infestação com C. impicticornis causou a menor porcentagem de germinação (76,5%) no período de R5.3 a R9, com dois adultos/m. As maiores porcentagens médias de sementes danificadas ocorreram nas infestações em R5.1-R9 com dois e três adultos/m de P. guildinii, tendo sido observados danos de 22,6% a 25,0% e de 63,6% a 68,0%, no primeiro e segundo experimentos, respectivamente, em um total de 50 sementes. E. meditabunda foi responsável pelos maiores danos nas infestações em R7, com média de 34,0% e 41,4% de sementes danificadas, no primeiro e segundo experimentos, respectivamente. C. impicticornis afetou o maior número de sementes (cerca de 54,0%) nas infestações em R6 com dois insetos/m. P. guildinii ocasionou os danos mais severos (36,0% de sementes inviabilizadas) em infestações no período mais longo (R5.1-R9). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os períodos de infestação com dois e três insetos/m. A maior redução da viabilidade e do vigor das sementes foi ocasionada pelas infestações em R5.1 com três adultos/m de P. guildinii, obtendo-se apenas 64,0% de sementes viáveis e vigor de 38,7%. A produtividade (kg ha-1) não foi afetada significativamente entre os diferentes períodos de infestação e entre os diferentes níveis populacionais.

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