The cruelty and scope of the widespread criminality of humans in the world, which was a feature of the past century, was fuelled by scientific progress, egoism and humanity's power of destruction. The criminal consequences of the many imperialistic, hegemonic and barbarous wars in that century were immeasurable in terms of violations of human rights. Notwithstanding the emergence of international criminal justice through the experience of the International Criminal Military Tribunal of Nuremberg and Tokyo and later the ad hoc International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, globally, impunity for egregious crimes continues. The establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) at the end of the 20th century was saluted as a major step forward in the evolution of international criminal justice. While previous tribunals were ad hoc, the ICC is permanent and has large territorial jurisdiction. This raises hope among the many Congolese victims of the first African World War, who view the ICC as a paradigm change that will put a stop to impunity for crimes against humanity and the crimes of genocide and war. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the past decades have been marked by instability and horrible armed conflicts (1996-97 and 1998-2003) which left several million people dead, and which were marked by gross war crimes. The negative consequences of those atrocities persist until today. While the ICC initiated the prosecution of some war criminals in 2004, most crimes committed before 2002 remain unpunished, because the ICC's jurisdiction is limited to after that time. It is therefore imperative to examine other mechanisms to deal with impunity for various grave crimes, including war crimes, perpetrated between 1996 and 2002. Thus the aim of this research is to contribute to the fight against impunity for crimes in the DRC by examining how other modes of jurisdiction such as the principle of universality can be applied, and to assess the need for the establishment of a specific tribunal for the DRC. Considering the inability and incapacity of the Congolese judicial apparatus, this study concludes by recommending the establishment of a Special Criminal Tribunal which can put an end to impunity for serious crimes committed in the DRC. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Since economic transition began in many Central East European Countries (CEECs) nine to ten years ago, a number of significant features of development have emerged in relation to changes within CEEC forest sectors. These include changes in ownership of both the forest resource and the forest industry, in forest policy and legislation, and in the production, consumption, trade and marketing of forest products. The objective of this thesis is to analyse recent and prospective forest sector developments in Central Europe, and to consider the implications of these developments on the economy, society, and environment of three Central European study countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary), and on Central and Eastern Europe as a whole. Policy analysis is carried out through a review of forest sector policies and way in which these policies developed during the second half of the twentieth century. Based on the content of new Forest Acts, a description of current policy and an analysis of the implications of new policies is undertaken. Institutional analysis evaluate the extent to which the state has retreated from its original roles and the private sector has emerged to take on an increased role within the sector. Product market analysis is undertaken through the construction of a forest sector scenario model which projects future levels of production, consumption, import and export of seven forest products, at 5-year intervals, to the year 2050. Projections are made under three scenarios, based on differing rates of future economic growth. In the three study countries, the forest sector has adapted rapidly to the market economy system. New forest policies have been quickly developed and implemented to address the different circumstances in which the sector is in. A well managed forest resource supplies quality raw timber to a modernised and growing processing sector, which in turn is producing an increasingly wide range of timber products to growing domestic and international markets.

No description available.

The present constitution of the Republic of Lithuania is one of the Constitutions in Central and Eastern countries adopted at the end of XX century. There is no doubt that its conception had been influenced both by national and international factors: the countries’ constitutional traditions, the scholarly ideas of M. Romeris, proposals submitted by the Lithuanian and foreign researchers, institutes of former regime, democratic provisions of Western Europe, the experience of Central and Eastern European countries. This work is the analysis of a short, but diverse and complicated both in political and legal sense of the Lithuanian constitutionalism during 1988 – 1992, demonstrating the development of the vision of the constitutional regulation, how the creative process of the present Constitution was influenced by the changing political legal reality and the political life of the constitution process. The complex application of historical-legal and causal methods, using the analysis of normative and non-normative documents as well as applying other legal methods brings to the conclusion of the Master thesis that the preparation of the Constitution is a consecutive and purposeful process of creation and search for the most suitable constitutional model. Despite the fact that during the development process of the Constitution a quite heated political debate was taking place, the present Basic Law can be reasonably referred to as the result of the political and legal compromise... [to full text]

At a government hospital in the town of Dajabon, in the northwestern Dominican Republic, doctors and nurses must make decisions on whether or not to treat Haitian patients who have crossed the border in search of health care. This thesis examines the discourses and practices of Haitian patients and Dominican health care providers in the context of two co-existing but contrasting rhetorics: health as a human right, and medical humanitarianism. Using data collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, I examine how social, political, and economic forces shape medical encounters on the Haitian-Dominican border.

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 437-461). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed May 13, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.