Tissue, among the highest value added paper products, finds extensive application in modern society. Continued efforts are being made to further improve tissue properties, such as strength, softness and water absorbency. Besides the efforts on characterizing facial tissue softness, this study focuses on tissue quality improvement through chemical means. The application of a wet strength resin, Kymene1500 and a debonding agent, Softrite7516 onto cellulose fibers is considered. First, the adsorption kinetics of the two chemical additives onto cellulose fibers was studied. The adsorption mechanisms were proposed and validated by kinetic data. A novel apparatus was designed in this study, and represented the first in the field to collect real-time data, which has the potential to be applied to the adsorption kinetic study of other types of paper additives. Second, the effects of Kymene1500 and Softrite7516 on various sheet properties were studied. The results provide quantitative information on tissue additives effects on sheet properties. It is shown that the combined application of the additives can overcome the disadvantages of individual species and produce sheets with both wet strength and softness. Finally, environmental-benign debonding agents with polyoxyethylene chains were applied to the sheets, and the effects of two design parameters, i.e., fatty acid and degree of ethoxylation, on tissue properties were investigated.

A series of immiscible crystalline-crystalline diblock copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-(£`-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL), were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization and then blended with phenolic resin. FT-IR analyses provide that the ether group of PEO is a stronger hydrogen bond acceptor than the carbonyl group of PCL with the hydroxyl group of phenolic. Phenolic after curing with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) results in the excluded and confined PCL phase based on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analyses. This effect leads to the formation of a variety of composition-dependent nanostructures, including disorder, gyroid and short cylinder. The self-organized mesoporous phenolic resin was only found at 40~60 wt% phenolic content by intriguing balance of the contents of phenolic, PEO, and PCL. In addition, the mesoporous structure was destroyed with the increasing the ratio of PCL to PEO in block copolymers by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. In addition, the large and long-range order of bicontinuous gyroid-type mesoporous carbon was obtained from mesoporous gyroid phenolic resin calcined at 800 ¢XC under nitrogen.

We have two topics, In the first study, we synthesized three low-molecular-weight poly(glutamate)s¡Xpoly( £^-methyl l-glutamate) (PMLG), poly( £^-ethyl l-glutamate) (PELG), and poly( £^-benzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG)¡Xthrough living ring-opening polymerization of their £\-amino acid-N-carboxyanhydride derivatives and then blended them with phenolic resin to control the secondary structures of these polypeptides. Each of the three binary blends exhibited a single glass transition temperature (differential scanning calorimetry) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy], characteristic of a miscible system. The strength of the inter-associative interactions depended on the nature of the hydrogen bond acceptor groups, increasing in the order phenolic/PELG > phenolic/PMLG > phenolic/PBLG, as evidenced through analyses using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the Painter¡VColeman association model. The fractions of £\-helical conformations (measured using FTIR and solid state NMR spectroscopy) of PMLG and PELG decreased initially upon increasing the phenolic content, but increased thereafter; in contrast, the fraction of £\-helical conformations of PBLG increased continuously upon increasing the phenolic contents. Using variable-temperature infrared spectroscopy to investigate the changes in the conformations of the secondary structures of the peptide segments in these three binary blends, we found that the £\-helical conformation in these three blend systems correlated strongly with the rigidity of side chain groups, the strength of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the phenolic resin, the compositions of phenolic resin, and the temperature. More interestingly, the content of £\-helical conformations of the polypeptides in these phenolic/PBLG blends increased upon increasing the temperature. The second topic is synthesized low-molecular-weight poly( £^-benzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG) through living ring-opening polymerization of their £\-amino acid-N-carboxyanhydride derivatives and blended them with poly( styrene¡^(PS), poly (acetoxystyrene) (PAS) and poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh) to control the secondary structures of these polypeptides. DSC have been used to investigate the miscibility of. FTIR spectroscopies and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) spectroscopic analyses provided evidence for the change and specific interactions between (PS, PAS and PVPh) and PBLG. That the secondary structures of polypeptides can be altered through blending with other different Specific Interactions, mediated by hydrogen bonding, dipole¡Vdipole, and £k¡X£k Interaction, we investigate strong Specific interactions was found between the side-chain esters of PAS, PVPh, but not found between PBLG and PS, because more weakly with the aromatic rings of PS through intermolecular £k¡X£k interactions, so that this latter system is phase separated.

This research is to develop an auto optical inspection system for surface mount device light emitting diodes. The principal purpose is to inspect SMD LED for 2D defects which are mixed-material and resin-tearing and for3D defect which is tombstone. In terms with mixed-material inspection, using the count of gradient operator to recognize LED chip. The false alarm rate is 4.29% and misdetection rate is 7.19%. It successfully detects defects with accuracy up to 94.24%. The average computation time is 12.97 ms. In terms of resin-tearing inspection, the research uses the gray scale correlation for SMD LED image registration. The false alarm rate is 5.15% and misdetection rate is 11.34%. The accuracy is up to 91.75%. The average computation time is 10.95 ms. 3D defect continues to use 2D view finder. The advantage of this structure is simple and cost-saving. The investigation which is inspected by the 3D system, comparing with real situation, the average measurement deviation is 4.51%. The average computation time is 8.05 ms. This propose of this system is not only to inspect 2D quickly, precisely and steady, but also to inspect 3D flaws which is hard to detect, and make the wole detective system more artificially-intelligent.

Abstract Taiwan Synthetic Resin industry filed, undergoing fifty hard years, this is a mature industry and most of companies have been built up a certain scale of production. Since 1997 the China government combined economic reform with open policy to create a rapid economy growth. With the appeal of market superiority rising and low production cost, truly attracts many inverters enter the target market. Under such strong market competitive, some of Taiwan Synthetic Resin companies have successfully transferred into a high-tech industrial territory, some of companies were standing on their original basis to improve its competition ability. Hence, there is obviously difference of the final business performance in between them. This thesis is based on the case study for Q company, engaged in manufacturing Synthetic Resin related products. The research methodologies take various theoretical analyses such as the ¡§Value Chain¡¨ model of Michael Porter and ¡§Strategic Alliance¡¨ to investigate the business strategy of those listed companies and OTC of Taiwan Synthetic Resin industry. Hope this research should provide useful information about the related strategic usage and future development of the Synthetic Resin industry. The key points of finding in this study may be summarized as under: 1) The technical resource of Taiwan Synthetic Resin industry is mainly demanded on technical alliance and the R&D capability is still under developing. 2) The rapid economic growth and development of the Mainland China caused more difficult environment for Taiwan company future development in the business transformation strategy. 3) The enterprise resource is key success factor in achieving competitive advantages in operation, technology and marketing in the industry field. Key words: Synthetic Resin¡BValue Chain¡BStrategic Alliance¡BBusiness transformation

¡uStructure Reinforcement¡v is necessary when the load of a building or bridge has exceeded that for which it was originally designed. Reinforcement is required when there are changes in the function of a building, poor or incorrect design, flood or earthquake damage, revision of government regulations resulting in new specifications for construction materials, or changes in job practices. The concept of structure reinforcement developed in Japan in the 1970¡¦s, and was introduced into Taiwan at the end of the decade. Short operating times, high strength, and economy of space are among the advantages which make the concept attractive. Higher cost, however, has slowed its implementation. The current ratio of new to reinforced construction in developing countries is 6:4; in developed countries 4:6. As Taiwan is now considered a developed country lacking land resources but with strict building regulations, structure reinforcement is more and more in demand. China, on the other hand, is still ranked a developing country, but, due to the current construction boom and weak infrastructure, recent structures often need reinforcement. During the design and calculation of structure reinforcement, the usual choice of reinforcing materials is epoxy resin, special cement, carbon fiber sheets, and carbon steel plates. SB Construction is a medium sized company subject to the natural rise and fall in construction demand. In the past, SB used only special cement as reinforcement material as it had no production line for epoxy resin or carbon fiber steel. This report concerns itself mainly with how, from a business angle, environment analysis and internal management ability can establish a competitive advantage adapted to its own business model and how to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy. Section One: background and motivation for research, purpose and structure. Section Two: research design, discussion of theory, method and procedures. Section Three: industry analysis, development of structure reinforcement, analysis and comparison of Taiwan and China, and analysis of superior products. Section Four: case study, introduction to the company, changes in strategy, expectations and goals. Last: conclusion and suggestions for adapting to changes in the environment, discussion of strategies for future consideration and further development.

The partial discharges (PD) measurement approach in power equipments is a very important inspection technique for insulation deterioration assessment. The PD based approach possesses the greatest potential for further development. This study proposes a noncontact type acoustic measurement system. We first investigate an acoustic measurement method in the laboratory. To prove the accuracy of the acoustic measurements, we proceed with, in the laboratory, signal-pattern comparison between the acoustic measurement method and the pulse current method. This study creates polar-coordinate and discharge type identification patterns. We propose the use of the q-£p-t patterns, the polar-coordinate patterns and discharge type identification patterns, with mutual cross-reference, to identify the discharge type. Then this study applies the wavelet transform to suppress noises; a wavelet mother function most similar to the acoustic PD signals is chosen and then set the filtering threshold value for the wavelet transform. The signals' features will be extracted after the noises are eliminated. The experimental results indicate that the application of wavelet transform can effectively eliminate the field noises. Next, the features will be used to build the training database for the back-propagation neural network (BNN) to construct the discharge patterns' recognition and identification system. Finally, we apply the finished neural networks to field signal-pattern identification. The proposed acoustic measurement system is applied on line to epoxy-resin transformers, power distributors, and the like. The superior measurement results we obtained shall be able to correctly identify power equipment's PD fault types.

This thesis contains two parts. In the first part, four kinds of dental baseplates were obtained after curing at 70 ¢XC in water bath or curing in microwave oven. Pressure vent polymerizing Meta-cera (PVPM) methods were performed at 500 watts using Y-Z flask, then the specimens in the flasks were cooled in two different ways. Additionally, the samples in GC FRP flask were separately cured by three different microwave-energy powers: 85, 255 or 595 watts. Each of these curing conditions has six specimens. Adaptation, porosity, and fracture strength of these specimens were evaluated. Optilon-399, a rubber-toughed dental baseplate, was chosen to study the effect of curing conditions on the morphology of the stained specimens using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results indicate that dispersed rubber- enriched phase is observed. Most of the dispersed phase has a mean-diameter ranging from 210 to 1440 nm and smaller domains have a mean-diameter of 80-100 nm. These dispersed domains observed in TEM micrographs are statistically analyzed and compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The specimens cured in water bath (reference) have the largest mean-diameter, 456 ¡Ó 131 nm, for the dispersed phase. There is no significant difference in mean-diameters between the reference method and 595-watts method. Mean-diameters of the specimens (408~442 nm) cured by the other four methods are significantly less than that of the reference method. Differences are also found among three different microwave-energy powers. Mean-diameter increases from 408 to 432 to 454 nm and the number of domains drops from 35.7 to 34.1 to 32.1 per TEM micrograph when microwave-energy power increases from 85 to 255 to 595 watts. However, 595-watts specimens have the problem of porosity and 85-watts specimens have the highest adaptation discrepancy. Therefore, 255-watts specimens have a relatively high fracture strength (388 kgf versus 354 or 369 kgf). There is no difference in mean-diameter (440 versus 442 nm) and the number of domains (32.9 per TEM micrograph) between PVPM systems. Low adaptation discrepancy and no porosity result in a higher fracture strength (395 and 381 kgf) compared with the reference method (284kgf). From this study, PVPM method in a bench cooled type is suggested to prepare dental baseplates. In the second part, restorative materials for tooth were polymerized and cured using a blue light emitting diode (LED) unit. Five kinds of light-curing hybrid composite resins (Premisa, Esthet-X micro matrix restorative, Z100 Restorative, Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350) were processed by four different operating modes of LED as follows: control mode- 500 mW/cm2 for 20 s; pulse cure mode - 500 mW/cm2 for 10s, 0 mW/cm2 for 10s, then 500 mW/cm2 for the next 10 s; soft-start (ramp) mode- initially 600 mW/cm2 for 10 s, then jump to 1400 mW/cm2 for 10 s; turbo (high) mode-1400 mW/cm2 for 10 s. Each of light-curing dental materials and LED operating modes has six specimens. Temperature variation of resins in a period of 60 s was measured during and after activating the light. Vicker¡¦s hardness of both top and bottom sides of specimens after curing was measured. Both temperature rise and hardness of specimens are statistically analyzed and compared using two-way ANOVA method. Soft-start mode induced an average temperature rise of 7.70 ¡Ó 0.77 ¢XC which is significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other three modes. Pulse cure mode yielded average 4.49 ¡Ó 0.84 ¢XC rise which is lowest (P<0.05). There is no difference in temperature rise between control and turbo modes (P>0.05). Comparing five dental materials, Z350 had an average temperature rise of 7.04 ¡Ó 1.10¢XC that is the highest and significantly different from the other materials (P<0.05). Average temperature rise of the other materials was about 5.3 ¢XC without significant difference, except Premise versus Z100. Both top and bottom sides¡¦ hardness of the cured specimens are determined by dental materials (P<0.05), not by LED operating modes (P>0.05). Z100 has the highest hardness (top: 181.6¡Ó8.9kgf/mm2, bottom: 149.1¡Ó6.0 kgf/mm2). Hardness decreases in the order of Z250, Esthet-X, Premise, Z350. Additionally, the results of isothermal polymerization and curing of resins at 165 ¢XC for 3 hr indicate that the high temperature rise (7 ¢XC) of Z350 resins is due to the high exothermic enthalpy (- 61 J/g). The trend of temperature rise of other dental materials can also be explained from the exothermic value which is measured using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Degree of polymerization conversion of resins after light-curing was also evaluated using DSC. Z100 specimens yielded the complete conversion (100%) for all of LED operating modes. From the viewpoints of complete conversion and high hardness, it is suggested to process Z100 specimens in a pulse cured mode because the temperature rise is only 4.65 ¢XC.

Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009. / Title from PDF t. p. (viewed Feb. 9, 2009) Advisor(s): Jeffrey A. Platt, Chair of the Research Committee, Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, Michael A. Cochran, Bruce A. Matis, Burak Taskonak, B. Keith Moore. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-76).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).