This diploma thesis is based on three case studies discussing three native cultures and their ways of using ecosystem resources. The three studied tribes share following characteristics: they live in tropics, they represent Austronesian ethnolinguistic group and their habitat is a specific detached island. Studying the three chosen traditional island communities on Siberut, Tikopia and Pingelap give us detailed information about the local ways of living, traditional agriculture, land tenure, hunting, breeding and local trade. At the same time it helps us to discover differences of the three examples caused by number of socio-environmental factors as well as to characterize three types of interaction between people and their natural environment. Due to study of chosen tribes it was found out that local traditional way of using ecosystem resources not only allows inhabitants to survive but moreover sustains the natural environment. Therefore, it is proposed that applied principles could be adopted by other tropical places already more influenced by western culture. In such places the main source of food is conventional agriculture which is not perceived as fully sustainable. It was observed that studied communities were following some of the basic principles as tabus or agroforestry. Their main goal is to...

Bakgrund:Inom hälso-och sjukvården är de flesta patientsäkerhetsriskernaorsakadeav denmänskliga faktorn och bristande kommunikation. CrisisResourceManagement (CRM) är en relativt vedertagen metod inom sjukvården och en metod som landstingen satsat på under de senaste åren. Inom flygindustrin förespråkas denna metod och ökadforskning har också gjorts på metoden inom akutsjukvården. Målet är att uppnå ökad patientsäkerhet. Syfte:Att beskrivaanestesisjuksköterskors erfarenheter av CrisisResourseManagement inom Västerbottens LänsLandsting med fokus på kommunikation.Metod:En kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudiemed niostycken anestesisjuksköterskor från Västerbottens läns landsting. De intervjuadesunder 15-25 minuter utifrånen semistrukturerad intervjumall utvecklad av författarna. Urval skedde utifrån tillgänglighetsprincipen på akut-och operationscentrum. Innehållsanalys användes för att skapa subkategorier, kategorier och tema.Resultat:Anestesisjuksköterskorna hade svårt att definiera begreppet CRM men hade en uppfattning av att metoden handlade om kommunikation. Vidare visade analysen att CRM används impliciti akutsituationer och verkar varapersonbundet. Den vanligaste formen av kunskapsinhämtning avCRM var i form av praktiska övningar inom landstinget.Anestesisjuksköterskorna beskrev önskvärt ledarskap och förespråkade struktur i teamarbetetoch kommunikationen. CRM framställdes som en välkommen metod som kan bidra med ökad trygghet och patientsäkerhet. Studien resulterade i kategorin att arbeta i fungerande team, med subkategorierna kunskap, ledarskap och struktur. Dessakategorier och subkategorier genomsyrade och bildadetemat trygghet.Slutsats:Författarnarekommenderar utbildning och kontinuerligövning för att möjliggöraimplementering av CRM i verksamhetenmed möjlighet attöka patientsäkerheten. Eftersom sjukvården idag ärbegränsad av ekonomioch personalbristlyfter författarna förslag till enklare och billigare utbildningsmetoder såsomnätbaserad teoriutbildning senare följt av övningstillfällen.

Faculty of Engineering and Built Enviroment School of Mining Engineering 0405669f Willis.Saungwame@bhpbilliton.com / The Republic of Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi River, Kariba Dam and Limpopo River. It is surrounded by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east. The country is well endowed with mineral wealth and has been a reputable contributor to the region’s gold, coal, nickel and chromium production in the late 90’s, but this has negatively changed for the worse. Since 2000, Zimbabwe has been on economic recession resulting in growing global interest in the country’s economic and social environment. The lucrative mining sector has also been adversely affected by the harsh economic climate hence thwarting flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into the country which is needed to boost Greenfield and Brownfield competitiveness in the sector. Apart from its lucrative mining sector the country has done very little in harnessing the anticipated FDI that should ensue. Concerns about governance, the rule of law and human rights, and the continued lack of clarity about property rights have severely damaged confidence, discouraged investment, and promoted capital flight and emigration, thus contributing to the economic decline. Its competitiveness in attracting FDI has since declined because of the international perception of the country’s high political risk. The country has failed to live up to expectations with regards to mineral resource development in the region. The research established that, governance issues are at the helm of the current low performance of the economy. It therefore prescribes a complete change in government’s attitude and calls for it to develop a long overdue mineral policy document to map a strategic way forward for the country’s mineral resource development. Interestingly the country has been hailed to have one of the most liberal mineral administration laws through the Mines and Minerals Act of 1996. Its fiscal incentives to the mining sector compare favourably with the rest of the region e.g. a corporate tax of 15% for exporting mining companies and currently most gold operations are royalty exempt among others. There is a growing divergence from iv policies to actions on the ground. The rule of law is under threat and corruption has taken its toll. It is therefore important for this research to analyse the historical performance of the country in the mining sector to formulate policies and recommendations that will improve the country’s competitiveness in the sector. The policy and fiscal incentives should continuously be revisited to be in tandem with global developments. The endowment theory, strongly believed by the country’s mining ministry as illustrated by Tilton in 1992 is not conclusive in attracting FDI especially in this dynamic global economy. More and more developing countries are revising their investment policies to try and improve competitiveness of their investment environments. Zimbabwe should emulate countries like Chile currently leading the pack in attracting FDI in the mining sector. There is now fierce competition in attracting investment into a country because now, the investor has more countries to choose from. Zimbabwe should seriously focus on getting rid of all the negative aspects that have seriously affected its economic performance and quickly develop policies that auger well with regional integration and various other NEPAD, SADC and AU policies that underpin African development. The mining sector is a driver for economic development if properly supported as shown within the research.

Introdução. Capital social é definido como as características das associações e cooperações humanas que podem ter efeito na saúde. Estudos realizados na última década apontam para uma associação positiva entre maior capital social e melhores indicadores de saúde. Entretanto, algumas características da vizinhança de residência podem atuar como mediadores dessa associação, um tema ainda pouco analisado na literatura científica. Estudos nessa área podem ajudar a melhor entender o efeito do capital social em uma sociedade com altos índices de desigualdade e violência, como é o caso da brasileira. Objetivo. Analisar se as características da vizinhança atuam como mediadores da associação entre o capital social e a autopercepção de saúde. Metodologia. Foram usados os dados da linha de base (2008-2010) do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). O ELSA-Brasil é uma coorte multicêntrica, composta por 15.105 funcionários públicos, ativos e aposentados, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 35-74 anos vinculados a seis diferentes instituições de ensino e pesquisa brasileiras. As variáveis independentes de interesse foram os domínios de apoio social e de prestígio e educação e de coesão social de vizinhança individual, todos analisados no nível individual. Para a análise dos efeitos da vizinhança foram considerados apenas os indivíduos residentes no mesmo endereço há pelo menos cinco anos. As características de vizinhança estudadas foram: ambiente para atividade física, disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis, segurança, violência percebida e vitimização. Modelos regressão logísticos foram sequencialmente ajustados para cada uma das características de vizinhança de interesse. Resultados. Os modelos apontam para uma associação consistente entre indicadores mais elevados de apoio e coesão social de vizinhança e melhor autopercepção de saúde, mesmo após o ajuste pelas características do local de residência. Por outro lado, a dimensão referente a prestigio e educação não apresentou uma associação significativa com a situação de saúde em nenhum dos modelos. O apoio social apresentou, na maioria dos modelos, um odds ratio (OR) de 0,81 (95 por cento , IC: 0,69-0,95) em indivíduos com apoio social moderado e OR de 0,62 (95 por cento , IC: 0,52-0,74) em indivíduos com apoio social elevado, mesmo após o controle pelas características da vizinhança. A coesão social da vizinhança também não apresentou modificação em seus efeitos e manteve para a maioria dos modelos um OR de 0,76 (95 por cento , IC: 0,67 0,85) para os indivíduos com coesão social moderada e OR de 0,82 (95 por cento , IC: 0,72 0,93) para os indivíduos com coesão social elevada. Apesar de todas as características de vizinhança terem apresentado associação significativa com a autopercepção de saúde, nenhuma causou modificação significante na associação entre os domínios de capital social e autopercepção de saúde. Conclusão. As características de vizinhança não alteraram significativamente a associação entre capital social e autopercepção de saúde, o que aponta para um efeito do capital social na saúde independentemente das características do local de residência. Entretanto, novos estudos são necessários para que os detalhes dos mecanismos envolvidos, principalmente em relação à possibilidade de causalidade reversa e ao tempo de exposição à vizinhança, sejam plenamente elucidados / Introduction. Social capital can be defined as the characteristics of human associations and cooperation that may have an effect on people\'s health. Studies conducted in the last decade point to a positive association between higher social capital and better health indicators. However, some characteristics of the neighborhood in which people live can act as mediators of this association, an area not yet analyzed in the scientific literature. Studies that analyze this association can help to improve the understanding of the effect of social capital in a society with high levels of inequality and violence, as is the Brazilian society. Objective. The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether neighborhood characteristics act as mediators of the association between social capital and self-perception of health. Methodology. Baseline data (2008-2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was analyzed. ELSA-Brasil is a multi-center cohort of 15,105 active and retired civil servants of both sexes aged between 35-74 years linked to six different Brazilian teaching and research institutions. The multiple variables were the domains of social support, prestige and education and social cohesion of individual neighborhood, all analyzed at the individual level. For the analysis of neighborhood effects, only individuals residing at the same postal address for at least five years were included. The neighborhood characteristics studied were: physical activity environment, availability of healthy foods, safety, perceived violence and victimization. Logistic regression models were sequentially adjusted for each of the neighborhood characteristics of interest. Results. The models point to a consistent association between both higher support indicators and social neighborhood cohesion with better health status, even after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics. On the other hand, the dimension of prestige and education did not present a significant association with health situation in any of the models. Social support presented an odds ratio (OR) of 0.81 (95 per cent , CI: 0.69-0.95) for individuals with moderate social support and an OR of 0.62 (95 per cent CI, CI: 0.52-0.74) for individuals with high social support, even after controlling for neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood social cohesion also did not presented modifications in its effects and remained stable in most OR models: 0.76 (95 per cent CI 0.67-0.85) for individuals with moderate social cohesion and 0,82 (95 per cent , CI: 0.72-0.93) for individuals with high social cohesion. Although all neighborhood characteristics presented a significant association with self-perception of health, none caused a change in the association between social capital domains and self- perception of health. Conclusions. The results indicate that neighborhood characteristics did not significantly alter the association between social capital and self-perception of health, which points to an effect of social capital on health regardless of neighborhood characteristics. However, new studies are needed in order to fully elucidate the details of the mechanisms involved, especially in relation to reverse causation and exposure time within a neighborhood

Introdução. Capital social é definido como as características das associações e cooperações humanas que podem ter efeito na saúde. Estudos realizados na última década apontam para uma associação positiva entre maior capital social e melhores indicadores de saúde. Entretanto, algumas características da vizinhança de residência podem atuar como mediadores dessa associação, um tema ainda pouco analisado na literatura científica. Estudos nessa área podem ajudar a melhor entender o efeito do capital social em uma sociedade com altos índices de desigualdade e violência, como é o caso da brasileira. Objetivo. Analisar se as características da vizinhança atuam como mediadores da associação entre o capital social e a autopercepção de saúde. Metodologia. Foram usados os dados da linha de base (2008-2010) do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). O ELSA-Brasil é uma coorte multicêntrica, composta por 15.105 funcionários públicos, ativos e aposentados, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 35-74 anos vinculados a seis diferentes instituições de ensino e pesquisa brasileiras. As variáveis independentes de interesse foram os domínios de apoio social e de prestígio e educação e de coesão social de vizinhança individual, todos analisados no nível individual. Para a análise dos efeitos da vizinhança foram considerados apenas os indivíduos residentes no mesmo endereço há pelo menos cinco anos. As características de vizinhança estudadas foram: ambiente para atividade física, disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis, segurança, violência percebida e vitimização. Modelos regressão logísticos foram sequencialmente ajustados para cada uma das características de vizinhança de interesse. Resultados. Os modelos apontam para uma associação consistente entre indicadores mais elevados de apoio e coesão social de vizinhança e melhor autopercepção de saúde, mesmo após o ajuste pelas características do local de residência. Por outro lado, a dimensão referente a prestigio e educação não apresentou uma associação significativa com a situação de saúde em nenhum dos modelos. O apoio social apresentou, na maioria dos modelos, um odds ratio (OR) de 0,81 (95 por cento , IC: 0,69-0,95) em indivíduos com apoio social moderado e OR de 0,62 (95 por cento , IC: 0,52-0,74) em indivíduos com apoio social elevado, mesmo após o controle pelas características da vizinhança. A coesão social da vizinhança também não apresentou modificação em seus efeitos e manteve para a maioria dos modelos um OR de 0,76 (95 por cento , IC: 0,67 0,85) para os indivíduos com coesão social moderada e OR de 0,82 (95 por cento , IC: 0,72 0,93) para os indivíduos com coesão social elevada. Apesar de todas as características de vizinhança terem apresentado associação significativa com a autopercepção de saúde, nenhuma causou modificação significante na associação entre os domínios de capital social e autopercepção de saúde. Conclusão. As características de vizinhança não alteraram significativamente a associação entre capital social e autopercepção de saúde, o que aponta para um efeito do capital social na saúde independentemente das características do local de residência. Entretanto, novos estudos são necessários para que os detalhes dos mecanismos envolvidos, principalmente em relação à possibilidade de causalidade reversa e ao tempo de exposição à vizinhança, sejam plenamente elucidados / Introduction. Social capital can be defined as the characteristics of human associations and cooperation that may have an effect on people\'s health. Studies conducted in the last decade point to a positive association between higher social capital and better health indicators. However, some characteristics of the neighborhood in which people live can act as mediators of this association, an area not yet analyzed in the scientific literature. Studies that analyze this association can help to improve the understanding of the effect of social capital in a society with high levels of inequality and violence, as is the Brazilian society. Objective. The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether neighborhood characteristics act as mediators of the association between social capital and self-perception of health. Methodology. Baseline data (2008-2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was analyzed. ELSA-Brasil is a multi-center cohort of 15,105 active and retired civil servants of both sexes aged between 35-74 years linked to six different Brazilian teaching and research institutions. The multiple variables were the domains of social support, prestige and education and social cohesion of individual neighborhood, all analyzed at the individual level. For the analysis of neighborhood effects, only individuals residing at the same postal address for at least five years were included. The neighborhood characteristics studied were: physical activity environment, availability of healthy foods, safety, perceived violence and victimization. Logistic regression models were sequentially adjusted for each of the neighborhood characteristics of interest. Results. The models point to a consistent association between both higher support indicators and social neighborhood cohesion with better health status, even after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics. On the other hand, the dimension of prestige and education did not present a significant association with health situation in any of the models. Social support presented an odds ratio (OR) of 0.81 (95 per cent , CI: 0.69-0.95) for individuals with moderate social support and an OR of 0.62 (95 per cent CI, CI: 0.52-0.74) for individuals with high social support, even after controlling for neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood social cohesion also did not presented modifications in its effects and remained stable in most OR models: 0.76 (95 per cent CI 0.67-0.85) for individuals with moderate social cohesion and 0,82 (95 per cent , CI: 0.72-0.93) for individuals with high social cohesion. Although all neighborhood characteristics presented a significant association with self-perception of health, none caused a change in the association between social capital domains and self- perception of health. Conclusions. The results indicate that neighborhood characteristics did not significantly alter the association between social capital and self-perception of health, which points to an effect of social capital on health regardless of neighborhood characteristics. However, new studies are needed in order to fully elucidate the details of the mechanisms involved, especially in relation to reverse causation and exposure time within a neighborhood

Since reading difficulties is a growing problem in Society and a problem that hinders Children to take an active part in every day life, I wanted to investigate how the School Library can be an educational resource for students with reading difficulties. Using qualitative interviews, I have gained insight into how three school librarians and two teachers work with Students with reading difficulties at two different Schools.The Respondents feel that they have the Knowledge necessary to work with students with reading difficulties, but Wish they had more Resources in terms of Time and Staff to help Students achieve School Goals even better. There are always new assistive technology for Students with Reading Difficulties, and an important part of the Educational work of the School Library, is to be informed of the Facilities available and how they work. I show, in my Research the importance of cooperation between school libraries and teachers to provide the students with reading difficulties the love of reading and work to promote reading. It is important that the School Librarian is an integral part of the School's Team to take full advantage of every opportunity to help the Reading Impaired Students with Information and finding the right Reading Level. Other important aspects that I see as very important to help the Reading Impaired Students in their Reading Development, is that they are given a lot of time and a Peaceful and Stimulating Environment to read and learn in.

In today’s business climate many organizations are implementing ERP systems to connect all their processes into one system thereby hoping to benefit off the resulting efficiencies. ERP Vendors are trying to best cater to the needs of their customers, and this extends into the post-implementation period where customers rely on the Vendor to resolve software and technical errors that inevitably occur. This study looks into a factor with-in this area from the ERP Vendor perspective. Customers have to communicate with their ERP Vendor in the post-implementation period to resolve problems, and this study focuses on how this could best happen. This study uses a single case study approach that is centered on an ERP Vendor’s Customer support team. This Vendor has identified a requirement of getting a new and improved customer support e-system. This study will investigate for them, and other ERP Vendors in similar situations, what factors should influence this decision. To find the influential factors for the ERP Vendor’s requirement, the study looks into the available literature concerning ERP and IT support, and then survey’s the customer support team for further data. Part of the survey is based on a pre-existing study regarding the measurement of customer system effectiveness. And then qualitative responses from the support team are also analyzed. This study has brought to light many influential factors for ERP Vendors to take into consideration to have an effective customer support e-system. While all the factors can be taken into consideration in varying degrees, this study concludes that the most important center on and around providing Self Service Support (SSS). And then with-in the e-system, the Vendor must ensure an alignment to their and customer processes, while maintaining clear and logical access to quality information.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of human resource management in a multicultural environment of the IT company. In addition to theoretical findings, human resource practices in this company will be analyzed. The aim of the work is to propose such solutions in the field of HR that will lead to greater efficiency of the company.

Denna uppsats har skrivits under vårterminen 2011 och behandlar de riksintressen för kulturmiljövården som finns i Sverige, med en fallstudie som analyserar processerna rörande det omdiskuterade hotell- och kongresscentret Stockholm Waterfront i centrala Stockholm. Syftet är att få en förståelse för vad kulturmiljöns riksintressen innebär, vilket skydd de har och hur dessa påverkar omgivningen när förändringar sker. Planer på ett centralt beläget kongresscenter i Stockholm har funnits sedan 1990-talet, men det var år 2000 som processen drog igång på allvar. Flera förslag har tagits fram under årens lopp, men ekonomiska besvär har satt stopp två gånger om innan Projekt Klara, som var arbetsnamnet för det nu färdigställda Stockholm Waterfront, kom att bli verklighet. Projektet har dock fått utstå hård kritik då det från vissa håll menas att byggnaderna inkräktar på det riksintresse som Stockholms innerstad med Djurgården utgör, och stadsbyggnadsdebatten i Stockholm har delvis på grund av detta blivit mer aktiv än tidigare. Den kanske viktigaste frågan har visat sig vara huruvida nybygget utgör en påtaglig skada på riksintresset, vilket inte har varit lätt att avgöra då det är ett subjektivt ämne. / This essay was written during the spring term of 2011 and focuses on the national heritage areas in Sweden, with a case study which analyzes the processes around the controversial hotel and congress center Stockholm Waterfront in central Stockholm. The purpose is to understand what the term national heritage area actually means, what protection they hold and how they affect the surrounding area when changes occur. Plans for a new congress center in Stockholm have existed since the 1990s, but the actual planning process begun in the year 2000. Several proposals have been presented during the years, but economical difficulties have stopped two of them before the so called Projekt Klara, which today is known as Stockholm Waterfront, could become reality. The project has generated a lot of criticism since some claim that the buildings are intruding on the national heritage area that Stockholm’s inner city and Djurgården form, and the city planning debate has partly because of this become more active than before. The perhaps most important aspect has been whether the new buildings have caused significant damage on the national heritage, which is hard to determine since it is a question of subjectivity.

Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Anthropology at the University of Stellenbosch / Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an exploration of how a new development culture has been cultivated at the end of the 20th century in reaction to the ‘crisis of development’ and the need to bring relief to impoverished communities in an environmentally sustainable manner. I uncover the key constraints on and opportunities for sustainable development and Community-Based Natural Resource Management that have emerged in land restitution claims in conservation areas in South Africa. I look at how inherited socio-political pasts poise actors and influence the relationships and interactions between them, how the current nature-tourism industry works to the detriment of some and the benefit of other actors in terms of gaining economic success and ultimately how these two factors influence conservation-based CBNRM projects. I examine three cases, namely: the Aboriginal community in Kakadu National Park, the Khomani San in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park and the Makuleke in Kruger National Park. Through this examination I draw specific conclusions: the repercussions of racial segregation policies puts community actors at a disadvantage when engaging with their partners; specific dynamics of the tourism industry threatens the success of CBNRM projects because the expected substantial benefits are not always guaranteed; and the lack of sound local governance impedes sustainable development at community-level. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is ‘n verkenning van hoe ‘n nuwe ontwikkelingskultuur gekweek is aan die einde van die 20ste eeu deur die ‘krisis van ontwikkeling’ en die noodsaaklikheid om verligting te bring aan verarmde gemeenskappe op ‘n omgewings-volhoubare wyse. Ek lig die beperkings en kerngeleenthede tot volhoubare ontwikkeling en Gemeenskaps-Gebaseerde Natuurlike Hulpbronbestuur uit wat in grondhervormingseise in bewaringsgebiede in Suid-Afrika na vore gekom het. Ek kyk na hoe die historiese sosio-politiese erflating rolspelers posisioneer en verhoudings en interaksies tussen hulle beïnvloed, hoe die huidige natuur-toerisme industrie tot die nadeel van sommige en voordeel van sekere ander rolspelers werk in terme van die verkryging van ekonomiese sukses en uiteindelik hoe hierdie twee faktore bewarings-gebaseerde GBNHB beïnvloed. Ek bestudeer drie gevallestudies, naamlik die Inboorling-gemeenskap in die Kakadu Nasionale Park, die Khomani San in die Kalahari Gemsbok Nasionale Park en die Makuleke in die Nasionale Kruger -Wildtuin. Analise lei my tot spesifieke gevolgtrekkings: die nagevolge van rasse-segregasie-beleid plaas gemeenskapsakteurs in ‘n benadeelde posisie wanneer hulle in interaksie is met hulle vennote; die spesifieke dinamika van die toerisme-industrie bedreig die sukses van GBNHB projekte omdat die verwagte noemenswaardige voordele nie altyd gewaarborg kan word nie; en die gebrek aan effektiewe plaaslike bestuur belemmer volhoubare ontwikkeling op gemeenskapsvlak.