The aim of the study was to determine the influence of phenolics content and inoculation with soil extract on microbial respiration, on the phenoloxidase (PhOx), peroxidase (PerOx) and newly Mn-peroxidase (MnP) activity in two dominating litter samples (Calamagrostis villosa and Picea abies) differing in phenolics content from Plešné and Čertovo lake watersheds. At PhOx and PerOx activity, the dependence on incubation temperature with L-DOPA was estimated. PhOx and MnP activities significantly increased with higher content of hardly decomposable phenolics, but decreased with water extractable phenolics content. Inoculation with soil extract had no influence on microbial respiration, enzyme activity, nor on decomposition of phenolics. Microbial respiration was significantly higher at 10°C, but average enzyme activity was comparable at 0 and 10°C. PhOx activities had temperature optimum higher than 22°C, while PerOx activities had temperature optimum at 0 - 15°C.

This diploma thesis is focused on the creation of model tasks (by means of an experiment) for the study of biology at secondary schools and concerns the effects of temperature on plant growth. The selected tasks utilize the new didactic approach by means of the so called inquiry based education. This method of teaching contributes to the development of individual deduction reasoning and encourages the students to actively think about the subject matter. The thesis provides the necessary theoretical background for the topic together with the description of methods and material needed for the conducting the experiments. Furthermore, the thesis describes the necessary instructions and procedures to conduct the experiment and its use in the secondary school teaching practice and presents the requisite methodical guidelines and worksheets for them. Simultaneously, the thesis verifies the didactic applicability of the experiment and the worked out materials through a questionnaire survey and monitored application of the model tasks at secondary schools. The main result of this diploma thesis is a modern, functional and verified method of teaching for high school about the effects of temperature on plant growth in accordance with modern approaches to education, which include own experiments, their...

v anglickém jazyce: Thesis abstract: Background and aims: Both obesity and metabolic syndrome form severe health problems in the whole world. Nevertheless the armament of pharmacotherapy for both diseases remains unsatisfactory. We aimed our work to main organs in risk of the mentioned diseases -liver and visceral fat using hepatocytes and visceral adipocytes as model. We detected 3 main metabolic and signalization activities- glycogenolysis, Nitric oxide (NO) production and transcription of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in hepatocytes, lipolysis, NO production and iNOS transcription rate in adipocytes. We directed our interest to combination of peroxisome proliferation activator receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, antagonist and β3 adrenergic agonist in the culture of epididymal rat adipocytes in the first part of our work. While in the second part we investigated the influence of β and α adrenergic mimetics, adrenergic blockers in the culture of rat high glycogen content hepatocytes. Methods: NO production was detected under the active agents treatments by detection of NO oxidative products NO2 and NO3 in media. Glycogenolysis was measured as free glucose rise released by hepatocytes into the media. NOS transcription level was extrapolated after comparative polymerase chain reaction with reverse...