Orientador: Maria do Rosário Gregolin / Banca: Marisa Martins Gama-Khalil / Banca: José Nicolau Gregorin Filho / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Ortiz Gandini Baldan / Banca: Kátia Menezes de Souza / Resumo: Este trabalho destina-se ao estudo dos procedimentos de escritura e autoria na produção poética de Arnaldo Antunes, cuja poesia, configura-se como um espaço de confluência de diferentes linguagens (visual, sonora, verbal) e formas de veiculação (livro, vídeo, CD, corpo), elementos desencadeadores de sua linguagem poético-musical. Na obra desse poeta, a prática de escritura não se limita somente a citações de outros textos (externos), mas também de movimentos internos à própria obra, por meio de citações, deslocamentos e apropriações que o poeta efetua para a composição de outro texto. Da fusão entre o verbal, o visual e o sonoro, bem como das desconstruções da palavra e do verso realizadas, merece destaque os movimentos intertextuais efetuados dentro de sua própria obra. A alternância de suporte (livro, vídeo ou encarte de CD) permite obter diferentes efeitos de sentido de um mesmo poema, pois, além da diferença do suporte, existem as modificações realizadas na materialidade do texto. Nesse deslocamento interno, há alterações da disposição gráfica dos poemas, permitindo ao texto re-significar ao mudar de contexto (suporte). Para a estruturação deste trabalho, dividimo-lo em quatro etapas: análise dos textos de Antunes com base na noção de devir-criança, concebida por Gilles Deleuze; apresentação teórica do conceito de suporte, a partir de Roger Chartier, e sua aplicabilidade para a leitura dos poemas e canções do referido autor; discussão do conceito de subjetividade, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, com o objetivo de perceber as metamorfoses do sujeito na poesia de Antunes; por último, tratamos das questões de autoria e escritura, que, de alguma maneira envolvem os tópicos anteriores, como tentativa de empreender um outro gesto de leitura da/na poética de Antunes. Portanto, neste estudo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ce travail a comme but l'étude des procédés d'écriture et de la qualité d'auteur dans la production poétique d'Arnaldo Antunes, dont la poésie se montre comme un espace de confluence de différents langages (visuel, sonore, verbal) et les formes véhiculées (livre, vidéo, CD, corps), des éléments déclancheurs de son langage poétique-musical. Dans lþoeuvre de ce poète, la pratique d'écriture ne se limite pas seulement aux citations d'autres textes (externes), mais aussi aux mouvements internes à l'oeuvre elle même, par le biais des citations, des déplacements et des appropriations, que le poète réalise pour la composition dþautre texte. De la fusion du verbal, du visuel et du sonore, aussi que des (dé)constructions du mot et du vers réalisées, on souligne les mouvements intertextuels faits à l'intérieur de son oeuvre. L'alternance de support (livre, vidéo ou des textes qui accompagnent le CD) permet d'obtenir de différents effets du sens d'un même poème, puisqu'au délà de la différence du support, ils existent des modifications réalisées dans la disposition graphique des poèmes en permettant aux texte de signifier à nouveau le moment où il change de contexte (support). Pour structurer ce travail on lþa divisé dans quatre étapes: analyse des textes d'Antunes basée sur la notion de devenir-enfant, conçue par Gilles Deleuze; preséntation théorique du concept du support, à partir de Roger Chartier, et sa capacité dþapplication pour la lecture des poèmes et des chansons de lþauteur en étude; discussion du concept de subjectivité, développé par Michel Foucault, pour percevoir les métamorphoses du sujet dans la poésie d'Antune; et dernièrement, on a abordé des questions de la qualité d'auteur et de l'écriture, qui, dans une certaine mesure, enveloppent les topiques antérieures, comme tentaive d'entreprendre un autre geste... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor

Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a common inflammatory and thrombotic pathology occurring within a superficial vein. SVT can result in distressing symptoms of redness and pain in the affected area and exposes patients to a risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Various therapeutic options are available to patients including anti-inflammatories, anti-coagulation and surgical procedures, however which of these therapies is the best first line treatment remains unknown. Several randomized controlled trials have been conducted addressing this question, yet methodological and design flaws have limited the translation of their results into a change of clinical practice. The following thesis consists of a multi-step process of reviewing the evidence to date followed by a process of engaging with clinician stakeholders with the goal of designing a randomized control trial that would provide a meaningful answer to patients and their clinicians. In the first step of this process, a systematic review of the literature was performed, including a meta-analysis to estimate pooled risk of developing symptomatic venous thromboembolic (VTE) complications in patients with isolated SVT following various treatments. These results were then presented to expert Canadian clinicians in a series of surveys using a Delphi process to determine the clinical trial design that would have the greatest impact on changing clinical practice. An additional survey of expert clinicians was conducted to determine current practice variation in the diagnosis, management, and follow up of patients with SVT, in order to design a clinical trial that best reflected current standard Canadian clinical practice. Our systematic review identified 15 articles and including 5775 patients. Quality and assessment of risk of bias was moderate for most included studies. The findings of our meta-analysis identified that Fondaparinux, at prophylactic dose, to had the lowest event rate of 2.0 events per 100 patient years of follow-up (95% CI 0.4 to 4.7, I2=33%) for the primary outcome of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) during follow-up. Pooled event rates ranged from 8.6-16.6 events per 100 patient-years across other treatment categories, including placebo/observation only, with an event rate of 10.5 events per 100-patient years (95% CI 3.0 to 22.0). Heterogeneity was moderate to high for most pooled estimates, limiting the interpretation of these findings. Our survey of practice variation among expert Canadian clinicians revealed wide practice variation in in diagnosis and therapeutic management including sub-groups (e.g. cancer). There was agreement that clinical equipoise exists for the optimal treatment of SVT (77% of respondents), supporting the need for further research. Two rounds of surveys were performed using Delphi process methods, resulting in consensus for the design of a future randomized control trial (RCT). The agreed on design was for a randomized control trial comparing a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) such as Rivaroxaban, to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs), using a non-inferiority RCT design with a non-inferiority margin of 3%. Future direction of this research will be to continue stakeholder engagement by engaging patients in the clinical trial design, followed by development of a pilot RCT protocol and application for peer-reviewed funding.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Diarrhea is the fourth leading cause of children under five worldwide. Recommendations for diarrhea treatment include oral rehydration therapy, continued feeding, zinc supplementation, and antibiotic use if indicated. The use of these therapies is lower than expected in developing countries. This study aims to determine how cultural beliefs impact the use of evidence-based approaches for diarrhea treatment, specifically in developing countries. A systematic review of primary research articles was done to assess knowledge of and attitudes towards evidence-based treatments, analyze care-seeking behaviors, and identify beliefs attached to treatment practices. Most cultural beliefs fall into the following themes: misconceptions about evidence-based treatments; feeding practices; home remedies and herbal medicines; inappropriate use of medications; and traditional healers and spiritual beliefs. The results show the possibility for working with traditional healers and the local population to gather more data about beliefs and practices. This information can be used to develop culturally sensitive treatment programs that can operate within the framework of local beliefs and practices.

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: This study assessed the extent to which American Indians were involved in the research process (i.e. design, implementation, analysis, and dissemination) in relationship to funding sources and reported limitations in research interventions that addressed diabetes, as well as research method or design. Methods: Systematic searches of The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Web of Science, ERIC, and PsychINFO identified studies focused on type 2 diabetes in American Indians published between October 5, 2010 and April 30, 2012. Studies selected for inclusion were those that were interventional or programmatic in nature, used a comparison group for statistical analysis and reported patient level or patient related outcomes. Data were extracted and analyzed for study characteristics, reported limitations, funding sources, and extent to which the community was involved in the research process.       Main Results: A total of 6 studies were included. There was no difference between American Indian involvement in the research process with respect to funding sources and reported limitations (p = 0.17 and p = 0.23, respectively). The majority of studies were conducted in a clinic setting (33.3%) on tribal/sovereign land (66.7%). Study design was evenly split between randomized controlled trials and observational studies (50% for both). The most frequently reported intervention was combination/multimodal (50%).       Conclusion: American Indian involvement in the research process was not impacted by either funding sources or reported limitations.

Magister Legum - LLM / This study explored the process of constitutional interpretation and constitutional review in Ethiopia and determined the role of the courts. It examined the different suggestions made by different authors and officials regarding the respective role and function of the courts and the House of Federation in interpreting the constitution and exercising the power of constitutional review. It also seeked to inquire the counter-majoritarian problem which focused on the relationship between judicial review and democracy. The thesis also inquired into the legitimacy of the Ethiopian approach to constitutional review. In this regard it seeked to determine whether the approach represents and adequate response to the counter-majoritarian problem. It also seeked to determine whether Ethiopia has adopted an institution that is well suited, competent and impartial to discharge the task of constitutional interpretation and constitutional review. / South Africa

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: Conduct a comprehensive and systematic review to identify and describe studies from October 2010 to May 2012 that have addressed diabetes interventions in American Indian populations and assess the impact those interventions had on improving humanistic and therapeutic outcomes in preventing or treating diabetes in American Indians. Methods: Studies published between 5 October 2010 and 30 May 2012 that described diabetes interventions or programs in American Indian populations were identified via electronic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, IPA, Cochrane, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and ERIC using key search terms related to (and MeSH terms where applicable) diabetes, interventions, medication adherence, diet, exercise, blood glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, North American Indians, American Indians, Native Americans, and Alaska Natives. Articles were reviewed and were excluded if the study had no comparison group, was not interventional or programmatic in nature, took place outside the US, study population was < 50% American Indian, or did not report on patient-related outcomes. Data on study characteristics, patient characteristics, and study outcomes were extracted. Main Results: A total of five studies were included. Positive, significant effects were reported on A1c in 40% (n=2), cholesterol in 40% (n=2), blood pressure in 40% (n=2), weight/BMI in 20% (n=1), blood glucose monitoring in 20% (n=1), diet in 20% (n=1), and diabetes knowledge and health literacy in 20% (n=1). Conclusion: The literature review had minimal results. Of those included, the majority of diabetes interventions were educational-related, observational in design, assessed only adults, and study populations were primarily female. Few of the included studies interventions demonstrated significant improvements in diabetic outcomes. Continued research and efforts to further improve diabetes management within the American Indian community is needed.

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: To determine whether concurrent use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and a bisphosphonate represent an additional fracture risk compared with bisphosphonate use alone and to identify an increased risk of any particular fracture type. Methods: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of data collected from PubMed, Cochrane, OVID Medline, Google Scholar, and IPA. The authors utilized the search terms: bisphosphonate, fractures and proton pump inhibitors. Studies which met criteria of being English-language with adults 18 years of age and older were included. Main Results: The studies were cohort studies and primarily evaluated older adults. The summary effect was that use of a PPI with a bisphosphonate showed a slight increase in fracture risk when compared to bisphosphonate-only therapy (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.18). Systematic review of similar studies showed varied results, making difficult any conclusion regarding fracture risk among the treatments. Conclusion: In this analysis, PPI + bisphosphonate demonstrated a slight increase in fracture rate without inference to an increase in any particular fracture type compared with bisphosphonate only. However, there is minimal data on the association or causal effect of this increase. The few studies available offered contradictory results. Additionally, database studies are subject to the possibility of residual confounding. Further research using randomized control trial (RCT) design evaluating long term use of bisphosphonates with or without PPI and their impact on fractures is needed to determine if there is an additional degree of fracture risk from the concurrent use.

The topic of judicial reasoning has been largely excluded from high school law and social studies curricula despite widespread ignorance and misunderstanding among Canadians of the reasoning judges are expected to employ in applying the law. The two biggest obstacles to its inclusion are: (1) insufficient appreciation among educators of the importance of public understanding of judicial reasoning, and (2) a lack of consensus about the nature of judicial reasoning. Accordingly, the major thrusts of this dissertation are to justify why judicial reasoning ought to be part of basic civic education and to articulate a defensible conception of judicial reasoning for educators' use in law-related and public legal education programs. Defensible criteria for theorizing about judicial reasoning are explained and justified by considering different types of theorizing about social practices. Three basic types of theories are identified - formal, causal and ethical theories. It is suggested that the relevant type of theory of judicial reasoning, what I call a formal theory, involves explication of what informed practitioners would accept as the standards operating within their system. This account of theorizing about social practices is defended against objections implied by a rival account of theorizing presented by Dworkin. Dworkin's explication is rejected on the grounds that it conflates a distinction between theories that faithfully represent the standards of proper judicial practice and theories whose account of judicial standards is controlled by instrumental purposes. Building on Hart's conception of law as a union of primary and secondary rules, an account of judicial reasoning is developed in terms of three types of second-order rules. These rules of application, which establish standards for applying the law in particular cases, include rules for determining the legal validity of arguments for a decision, for setting the relative weight of legal arguments, and for verifying the conclusions attributed to a legal argument. Rules of application are organized into three dominant modes or forms of reasoning: (1) reasoning from interpretive guidelines, which refers to a constellation of second-order rules that govern application of law by determining a law's meaning; (2) reasoning from prior cases, which deals with rules governing application of law in light of previous judicial decisions; and (3) reasoning from principle, which involves rules for assessing the implications of potential judicial decisions in light of other legal standards. Specific judicial decisions and general judicial practices are explicated in terms of these modes of reasoning. This account of judicial reasoning is defended against a number of objections, including challenges posed by the principal rival conception of reasoning about the law - an account of judicial reasoning offered by Dworkin. Teaching high school students about the modes of judicial reasoning is justified because greater public understanding of judicial reasoning is required to combat widespread, potentially damaging, misperceptions of judicial practices. The key elements comprising an adequate lay understanding of judicial reasoning are outlined. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Rezension zu Markus Dederich: Körper, Kultur und Behinderung. Eine Einführung in die Disability Studies. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2007

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a disease of the small airways characterized by intraluminal polyps of myxoid connective tissue. Although various infectious and non-infectious agents have been implicated as possible precipitants of BOOP, the concomitant occurrence of BOOP with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has rarely been described. We describe a unique case in which BOOP was a presenting feature in a patient with newly diagnosed AIDS, and we review the literature of BOOP occurring in the setting of HIV infection.