In this thesis we review literature about the coordination problem under an uncertainty. We set up a continuum player model of collective action, in which part of the population must coordinate on an action in order to achieve a mutual benefit. The complete information version of the model features multiple equilibria. We study the role of various sources of uncertainty in the model and compare them. We also examine the role of private and public information. We discuss particularly the global game, the coordination game of incomplete information in which agents received different but correlated signals about the state. We demonstrate that in the global game an unique equilibrium can be found by iterated elimination of dominated strategies. We compare the global game to related models and examine the consequences of relaxing the assumptions of global game. In addition we show some practical implication of the model for revolutions and currency crises.

Abstract (from thesis text) From Upper Volta to Burkina Faso, is the study of the politics of reaction and reform in a post-colonial nation-state of Burkina Faso. Since its independence from France on 5 August 1960 to 15 October 1987, Burkina Faso, the "land of the upright" people, has experience five changes in government. All of the coups that took place in this twenty-seven year period were reactionary and reforming. However, the most memorable reforms arrived after the coup of 4 August 1983 which gave rise to a youthful president in a thirty-three year old Captain Thomas Sankara. As the leaders before him, Sankara reacted against a post-colonial government that he and supporters saw as inadequate. Unlike the previous coups in the Upper Volta, this work argues that the 4 August 1983 coup brought class consciousness to the forefront. It aimed to establish its identity by changing the country's name from the colonial name of Upper Volta to Burkina Faso. The revolutionaries appeared to be g6enuine in meeting their words with action by working to create self-sufficient citizens, curb environmental depredation, combat corruption in government and provide women more opportunities. Though the Revolution in Burkina Faso (1983-1987) did not end the country's ambitions for a multi-party democracy, it did elevate the status of women, literacy, mortality and pride for the homeland.

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O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as tecnologias de aplicativos da Web 2.0, desde uma perspectivas evolucionária, e dos seus impactos nas empresas em nível global. Desta forma, para poder entender o seu nascimento, essência e importância econômica para as empresas, se tomou como base teórica o conceito evolucionário de revoluções tecnológicas e paradigmas tecno-econômicos, o qual serviu como modelo para interpretar a atual revolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) e seu conseqüente paradigma tecnoeconômico, e na qual se constatou que este grupo de tecnologias surgiu no período de tempo atual de dito paradigma conhecido como “intervalo de reacomodação” (turning point). Por outro lado, se ressaltou que uma das principais características no processo de difusão de cada paradigma tecno-econômico é o seu impacto na organização das empresas. Desta forma, a teoria evolucionária se apresentou como a abordagem adequada para entender tanto o caráter da empresa atual, entendida esta em termos do conjunto de suas rotinas (conhecimentos e habilidades), quanto as suas principais inovações organizacionais como respostas aos desafios apresentados pela própria difusão do paradigma tecno-econômico atual das TIC, na qual o acumulo permanente de novos conhecimentos e informações, isto é, de rotinas dinâmicas se tornam variáveis chaves para o próprio processo permanente de inovação, vital para as empresas. Diante da crescente utilização das tecnologias de aplicativos da Web 2.0 entre as empresas a nível mundial como meios potenciais para atingir esses objetivos, o presente trabalho analisou o seu potencial para gerar de forma mais fluida novos conhecimentos e informações, isto é rotinas dinâmicas, tanto dentro da organização das empresas como na interação com os seus consumidores, refletindo-se, assim, no aumento de inovações permanentes de novos produtos e serviços. / The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the technologies of Web 2.0 applications, from an evolutionary perspective, and its impacts on businesses globally. Thus, in order to understand its birth, nature and economic importance for companies, it was taken as theoretical basis the evolutionary concept of technological revolutions and technoeconomic paradigms, which served as a model to interpret the current revolution in information and communication technologies (ICT) and its consequent techno-economic paradigm, in which it was found that this group of technologies originated in the current time of said paradigm known as turning point. On the other hand, it was emphasized that a key feature in the process of diffusion of each techno-economic paradigm is its impact on business organization. Thus, evolutionary theory appeared as the appropriate approach to understand both the character of the current company, which is understood in terms of its set of routines (knowledge and skills), as its main organizational innovations as answers to the challenges presented by the own diffusion of the current ICT techno-economic paradigm, in which the continuous accumulation of new knowledge and information, that is, dynamic routines, become key variables to the self process of continuous innovation, vital for companies. With the increasing use of Web 2.0 application technologies among the companies in the world as a potential means to achieve these goals, this study examined its potential to generate more fluidly new knowledge and information, that is dynamic routines, both within the business organizations and in their interaction with their consumers, which was reflected in the increase of permanent innovations of new products and services.

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as tecnologias de aplicativos da Web 2.0, desde uma perspectivas evolucionária, e dos seus impactos nas empresas em nível global. Desta forma, para poder entender o seu nascimento, essência e importância econômica para as empresas, se tomou como base teórica o conceito evolucionário de revoluções tecnológicas e paradigmas tecno-econômicos, o qual serviu como modelo para interpretar a atual revolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) e seu conseqüente paradigma tecnoeconômico, e na qual se constatou que este grupo de tecnologias surgiu no período de tempo atual de dito paradigma conhecido como “intervalo de reacomodação” (turning point). Por outro lado, se ressaltou que uma das principais características no processo de difusão de cada paradigma tecno-econômico é o seu impacto na organização das empresas. Desta forma, a teoria evolucionária se apresentou como a abordagem adequada para entender tanto o caráter da empresa atual, entendida esta em termos do conjunto de suas rotinas (conhecimentos e habilidades), quanto as suas principais inovações organizacionais como respostas aos desafios apresentados pela própria difusão do paradigma tecno-econômico atual das TIC, na qual o acumulo permanente de novos conhecimentos e informações, isto é, de rotinas dinâmicas se tornam variáveis chaves para o próprio processo permanente de inovação, vital para as empresas. Diante da crescente utilização das tecnologias de aplicativos da Web 2.0 entre as empresas a nível mundial como meios potenciais para atingir esses objetivos, o presente trabalho analisou o seu potencial para gerar de forma mais fluida novos conhecimentos e informações, isto é rotinas dinâmicas, tanto dentro da organização das empresas como na interação com os seus consumidores, refletindo-se, assim, no aumento de inovações permanentes de novos produtos e serviços. / The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the technologies of Web 2.0 applications, from an evolutionary perspective, and its impacts on businesses globally. Thus, in order to understand its birth, nature and economic importance for companies, it was taken as theoretical basis the evolutionary concept of technological revolutions and technoeconomic paradigms, which served as a model to interpret the current revolution in information and communication technologies (ICT) and its consequent techno-economic paradigm, in which it was found that this group of technologies originated in the current time of said paradigm known as turning point. On the other hand, it was emphasized that a key feature in the process of diffusion of each techno-economic paradigm is its impact on business organization. Thus, evolutionary theory appeared as the appropriate approach to understand both the character of the current company, which is understood in terms of its set of routines (knowledge and skills), as its main organizational innovations as answers to the challenges presented by the own diffusion of the current ICT techno-economic paradigm, in which the continuous accumulation of new knowledge and information, that is, dynamic routines, become key variables to the self process of continuous innovation, vital for companies. With the increasing use of Web 2.0 application technologies among the companies in the world as a potential means to achieve these goals, this study examined its potential to generate more fluidly new knowledge and information, that is dynamic routines, both within the business organizations and in their interaction with their consumers, which was reflected in the increase of permanent innovations of new products and services.

Dans le monde arabe comme partout dans le monde, le numéro d’utilisateurs des réseaux sociaux ne cesse de croître reléguant ainsi le vieux media au second plan. Ce nouveau media par son accessibilité, est devenu le nouveau lieu de pèlerinage où se rencontre tout chercheur de la vérité. Or, malgré l’absence d’une vraie crédibilité des institutions médiatiques arabes, Al-jazeera était la seule chaîne qui a su gagner la confiance des spectateurs et qui a réussi à regrouper autour d’elle des millions de fidèles arabophones. Durant les révolutions arabes, le quêteur de la vérité a été témoin d’une concurrence de taille entre ces deux sacrées plates-formes, imposés comme alternatif susceptible de satisfaire la soif de l’homme pour la liberté longuement absente dans le media tout comme en société. Cette étude a donc pour ambition d’étudier la rivalité et puis la réconciliation entre « vieux media » en l’occurrence la chaîne satellitaire et les nouveaux medias (les réseaux sociaux) durant le printemps arabe. Il s’agit également d’analyser l’analogie entre la révolution en terre arabe et celle en ligne et d’examiner le potentiel de chacun à provoquer un changement sociopolitique commun. / The co-production of information with the Arab viewer has always been the directive editorial line that distinguished the Qatari channel Al Jazeera since its creation in 1996. Over the years, the recipe has paid off, making Al Jazeera the most watched international news channel in the Arab world. The strategic choice of the channel to make the Arab spectator, long marginalized in the media, an ally is explained by a desire for legitimacy by the emir Hamad ben Khalifa al-Thani especially after the coup against his father in 1995. Nevertheless, cutting off from the old regime imposes substantial changes. With the first political debates on Al Jazeera, the status of the Arab viewer changes dramatically. They become actors and participate with their questions and comments at the cost of a simple phone call. But at the same time, Al Jazeera becomes the enemy of the Arab regimes. Over the years, the Qatari channel won the trust of many viewers, especially during its coverage of major crises in the Arab world, like the second Intifada in 2000 and the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. Through its media coverage from the ground in hot zones, it differentiates itself from other news channels. The year of 2011 was a major turning point in the history of the channel. From day one, Al Jazeera covered the rising demonstrations in the Arab countries. The declared war of autocratic regimes against Al Jazeera does not prevent it from covering stories. Aware of the contributions of digital media, the channel gives spectators the means to participate in the creation and circulation of information. The promotional videos of Al Jazeera are a concrete example. Throuh their short form which enables them to travel from one medium to another; they become an object of media activism. As for the digital platform Sharek, it shows how the channel involves the Arab spectator in the process of spreading and archiving information.

Ao longo do presente trabalho procuramos identificar algumas das linhas principais da análise realizada por Friedrich Engels a respeito das instituições militares e da guerra que permeiam parte considerável de sua produção teórica, investigando suas características particulares e o contexto onde foram produzidos. Para realizar tal tarefa tivemos em conta o tipo de discurso (prático ou teórico) e o contexto político e social em que foram escritos os seguintes textos: As reivindicações do partido comunista da Alemanha (1848), um panfleto ligado à conjuntura política da Revolução Alemã de 1848; Notas marginais sobre as táticas de massa, parte do artigo Condições e prospectos para uma guerra da Santa Aliança contra a França em 1852 (1852), um texto prospectivo quanto à futura conjuntura militar; A questão militar prussiana e o partido dos trabalhadores alemães (1865), que expõe a crítica ao programa militar prussiano ligada ao sentido da conscrição; o Diário da Guerra Franco-prussiana (1870-71), a análise de eventos militares na condição de correspondente de guerra a partir de considerações a político-militares; As táticas de infantaria derivadas de suas causas materiais (1876), o que expõe um sentido da história segundo um pressuposto materialista válido para eventos fora da economia política, no caso, de uma formação particular dos exércitos regulares, e por fim A Europa pode se desarmar? (1893), um esboço de avaliação sobre a mudança das condições políticas frente o desenvolvimento acelerado da indústria bélica e do esforço de guerra que restringiriam os pressupostos de ação democrática. A partir deste repertório realizamos o esboço a respeito da crítica engelsiana da guerra, com foco no desenvolvimento técnico das organizações militares, passando principalmente pela análise da conscrição e seus impactos na política. / Throughout this work, we identify some of the main lines of analysis made by Friedrich Engels on war and on military institutions, which permeate a considerable part of his theoretical work. Our analysis investigates particular characteristics and the context in which these texts were produced. To accomplish this task we consider the type of discourse (practical or theoretical) and the political and social context in which were written the following texts: The claims of the German Communist Party (1848), a pamphlet on the political situation of the German Revolution of 1848, the Marginal Notes on Mass Tactics, part of the article Conditions and prospects for a war of the Holy Alliance against France in 1852 (1852), a prospective text about the future military situation; The Prussian Military Question and the German Workers\' Party (1865), which exposes the criticism of Prussian military program linked to the meaning of conscription, the Notes on War (1870-71), an analysis of events from the Franco-Prussian War from the political-military point of view; Infantry tactics, derived from its material causes (1876), which elaborates a meaning of history according to a materialistic assumption valid for events outside of political economy, in this case the formation of standing armies, and lastly Can Europe disarm? (1893), a sketch of review on the changing political conditions regarding the accelerated development of the defense industry and the war effort that would restrict the assumptions of democratic action. From this repertoire we outline an engelsian criticism of war, focusing on the technical development of military techniques, passing mainly through the analysis of the conscription institution and its impact on politics.

Orientador: Marcelo Siqueira Ridenti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T05:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pezzonia_Rodrigo_M.pdf: 1092446 bytes, checksum: 2016cf805a50931bcbe46c8d2e7fb90d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetiva melhor entender o pensamento da militância exilada de esquerda, entre os anos de 1970 e 1974, a partir de um grupo de exilados conhecido como DEBATE, e seu órgão de divulgação, a revista DEBATE: Problemas da Revolução Brasileira, em seus primeiros anos de atividade. Acreditamos que, a partir da análise tanto das fontes escritas quanto orais, poderemos recuperar sua história e de seus colaboradores; suas posições político-ideológicas referentes tanto ao exílio quanto ao processo de luta armada que ocorria no Brasil; além de tentar situá-los como uma nova categoria social que nasce no degredo, - com a "Segunda Geração de Exilados" - que é uma nova "safra" de intelectuais que terão importância ímpar na reestruturação do "Brasil Democrático" pós a anistia / Abstract: This research has as its goal the understanding of the thinking of Brazilian lefitists exiled militants between 1970 and 1974, taking as support the first years of activity of the group known as DEBATE (Debate) and its journal DEBATE: problemas da revolução brasileira (Debate: problems of the Brazilian revolution). We believe that, by analyzing written and oral sources, we will be able to regain access to the history of the group and to that of its collaborators, to its political and ideological positions about exile as much as on the urban and rural guerrilas going on Brazil of that time. Finally, we shall try to establish this group as a new social category that arouse in banishment: that of "second generation exiles", which means a new group of intellectuals who will become highly important ones in the rebuilding of democracy in Brazil after the amnesty / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

The content of the thesis is an analysis of the impact of the revolutions in the countries of North Africa during the year 2011 on the immigration and asylum policy of the European Union. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the response of the European Union and its member states to the migration situation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one describes the situation and migration during revolutions in the North Africa, the second chapter deals with the migration into the European Union. The third chapter analyzes the reaction of chosen member states and the institutions of the European Union. The last chapter finally evaluates the situation and identifies the opportunities and threats for the immigration and asylum policy of the European Union that emerged from the previous analysis.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a produção de imaginários políticos e culturais orientados pela Teologia da Libertação durante o governo sandinista na Nicarágua (1979 1990) procurando mostrar a mescla que aí se deu entre religião e revolução. Pretendemos investigar como se constituíram esses imaginários expressos em discursos de políticos e religiosos, jornais, livros, cartilhas, músicas, poemas, fontes visuais produzidas por membros das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base (CEBs) atuantes na Nicarágua, com a meta de ampliar a adesão de setores populares à Revolução Sandinista. Procuramos averiguar em que medida uma comunidade de fé atuou, através da cultura, da educação e das ações políticas, no sentido de colaborar com o projeto revolucionário da Frente Sandinista de Libertação Nacional (FSLN). Uma questão que aqui se coloca é a da identificação entre os ideais revolucionários no poder que se orientavam por concepções marxistas e os dos cristãos que, a partir do Concílio Vaticano II e das Conferências de Medellín e Puebla fizeram a opção preferencial pelos pobres, inserindo-se nas lutas sociais da América Latina. Pretendemos discutir as possibilidades e limites de uma proposta socialista cristã que se constrói a partir de pressupostos teóricos conflitantes como é o caso do materialismo marxista e a doutrina católica que o recusa. A relação entre imaginários sociais e práticas políticas constitui o eixo central desta análise que se propõe verificar como os imaginários se constituem a partir de conflitos diversos e se transformam em armas de luta que orientam as práticas dos agentes envolvidos nesse processo. / The present study has the objective to analyse the production of political and cultural imaginariness oriented by the Theology of Liberation during the sandinist government in Nicaragua (1979-1990) trying to demonstrate the mixture of religion and revolution. Our intention is to investigate how were constituted the imaginariness expressed on political and religious speeches, newspapers, books, spelling books, music, poems and visual materials produced by members of the Base Communities (CEBs) acting in Nicaragua, with the goal to increase the adherence of popular sectors to the Sandinist Revolution. We attempt inquiring in what extension a community of faith acted through the culture, the education and political actions, with the objective to collaborate with the revolucionary project of the Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN). One question here presented is the one of the identification between the revolucionay ideals in power that were oriented by marxist conceptions and the christian ones that, with the Vatican II Council and the Conferences of Medellin and Puebla, made a preferred option for the poor, inserting themselves in the social fights in Latin America. We intent to discuss the possibilities and limits of a christian socialist proposal built based on conflicting teorical purposes which is the case of the marxist materialism and the catolic doutrine that refuses it. The relationship between social imaginariness and political practices constitutes the main point of this analysis which has the purpose to verify how the imaginariness constitutes itself from different conflicts transforming itself in weapons of fight which orients the practices of the agents involved in this process.