This study's purpose is to determine whether the oft-reported variations in Navajo residence practices are simply responses to contingencies arising from environmental, demographic, and historical factors or if responses are conditioned in some way by Navajo ideas about the ordering of residential reality and bahaviour. It is based on field research among the Sheep Springs Navajo of northwestern New Mexico. Data about Navajo residential ideology are derived from these people's statements about residence sites and groups and from Navajo origin myths. This information is synthesized into a descriptive account of the content of Sheep Springs Navajos' residential ideology. They believe reality has a rational order. Humans are reasoning, goal-directed beings. Their behaviour is directed toward the propagation of the human species and the maintenance of human life from conception to the death of old age. These goals provide the basis for their views on the standards they think should order human behaviour and on the modes of behaviour they think best or at least acceptable in meeting these standards. Standards important to residence are not specific to it, that is, all persons should make a living and should help one another at all times in all places. It is only the procedures for behaviour that are specific to the residence context. For these people, residence is a matter of subsistence economics. Behavioural modes take into account conditions affecting people's access to livelihood resources and to manpower for exploiting and processing resources. Alternative, acceptable ways to locate residence sites and to aggregate persons into residence groups are based on these conditions. Since the amount of conformity existing between residence practices and behavioural modes gives an indication as to whether variant behaviour is in some way conditioned by ideology, comparisons are made between specific aspects of Sheep Springs Navajos' residence practices and their behavioural procedures. These are done using analytic units and variables derived from Navajo residential ideology rather than from anthropological considerations of social life. A further test is made of the agreement between ideology and practice by determining how much error in making predictions about variant behavioural forms can be reduced by using the ideologically-recognized conditions. These comparisons show very high proportions of Sheep Springs Navajos are following preferred or acceptable modes of residence behaviour. Because so many follow a preferred mode or one of the acceptable ones, the patterns of variant behaviour are not very pronounced and low reduction in prediction error is achieved by using conditions derived from their procedures. Many variations however tend to be in the direction predicted by these conditions. Variant residence practices do have some relationship to the acceptable behavioural alternatives, but there are contingencies to which practices respond that are not taken specifically into account in the alternative residential behaviour modes of the Sheep Spring Navajos. Some of these contingencies can still be dealt with by other mechanisms inherent in the structure of their ideas about ordering behaviour. Consequently, at the same time Sheep Springs Navajos' residential ideology and practices generally conform with each other, there is variation in their residence behaviour. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Doctora en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Fluidodinámica / En esta tesis se presenta el estudio de suspensiones pasivas de esferas microm ́etri- cas y suspensiones activas de bacterias tipo Escherichia coli sometidas a un cizalle simple en el l ́ımite de bajo nu ́mero de Reynolds. Se estudian, por un lado, la auto- difusio ́n inducida por el cizalle en suspensiones pasivas de esferas, y por otro, en suspensiones mixtas de esferas pasivas y bacterias para distintas concentraciones de bacterias y esferas. Para modelar las bacterias se utilizo ́ un modelo de bacteria tipo cascabel en las suspensiones y para modelar a una bacteria sometida a fluctuaciones se utiliz ́o una bacteria infinitamente elongada. El trabajo desarrollado consiste en un estudio teo ́rico para el modelo de las bacterias y las ecuaciones de la hidrodin ́amica y por otro lado un trabajo num ́erico para realizar las simulaciones necesarias para el desarrollo de la tesis. Los resultados, en el caso de una suspensio ́n de esferas pasivas sometidas a un cizalle simple, muestran un proceso subdifusivo bastante complejo y extenso en donde las esferas experimentan distintas transiciones hasta llegar al r ́egimen difusivo, estas transiciones toman cada vez m ́as tiempo a medida que la concentracio ́n volum ́etrica de part ́ıculas disminuye. La difusividad var ́ıa como el cuadrado de la concentracio ́n lo que es acorde a los resultados encontrados para interacciones repulsivas de corto alcance. Adem ́as encontramos que el comportamiento subdifusivo es perdido cuando se agregan bacterias en la suspensio ́n, lo que permite que el proceso difusivo se logre ma ́s ra ́pido y sea mayor en el caso de una suspensio ́n mixta. La difusividad de las bacterias disminuye a medida que se aumenta la concentracio ́n de esferas y la difusividad de las esferas aumenta a medida que se agregan bacterias en el sistema. Por u ́ltimo, en la u ́ltima seccio ́n se presentan los resultados para el caso en que la suspensio ́n de bacterias es reemplazada como ruido ambiente en una suspensi ́on y se estudia el comportamiento de una bacteria sometida a ruido multiplicativo en presencia de un cizalle simple oscilante. En este caso se observa que la bacteria tiende a desplazarse preferentemente en la direccio ́n de vorticidad del sistema mostrando una variacio ́n en la intensidad de este desplazamiento con la intensidad de ruido aplicado, fen ́omeno conocido como resonancia estocástica.

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The proper scaling and prediction of the streamwise Reynolds stress in turbulent boundary layers has been a controversial issue for more than a decade as its Reynolds Number dependence can not be removed by normal scaling. One issue that may explain the unusual behavior of the streamwise Reynolds stress is that it is affected by both active and inactive motions per the Townsend hypothesis. The goal of this research is to develop a composite expansion for the streamwise Reynolds stress in turbulent boundary layers that considers active and inactive motions, explains various Reynolds Number dependencies, and agrees with available data. Data for the Reynolds shear stress and the streamwise Reynolds stress from six sources are evaluated and as appropriate plotted on inner and outer scales. A new asymptotic representation for the Reynolds shear stress, <uv>+, that meets the requirements for a proper composite expansion is developed and applied. This new Reynolds shear stress composite expansion agrees with data and allows predictions of <uv>+ for any Reynolds Number. The streamwise Reynolds stress, <uu>+, can be separated into active and inactive parts and the Reynolds shear stress can be used to represent the active part. The inactive streamwise Reynolds stress, <uIuI>#, is separated from the complete <uu>+ in part of this work. An outer correlation equation with the correct asymptotic limits for the inactive streamwise Reynolds stress is developed and shown to fit the outer part of the <uIuI># data. A separate inner correlation equation for inner inactive streamwise Reynolds stress is developed and fit to data. Together these two equations form a composite expansion for the inactive streamwise Reynolds stress for flat plate boundary layers. This composite expansion for the inactive streamwise Reynolds stress can be combined with the Reynolds shear stress expansion to produce predictions for <uu>+ that agree with data. Thus a composite expansion for predicting the streamwise Reynolds stress in turbulent boundary layers is developed and shown to reproduce the correct trends, to agree with the available data, and to explain the Reynolds Number dependence of the streamwise Reynolds stress. / text

American composer Roger Reynolds was born on July 18, 1934, in Detroit, Michigan. At age 14, he determined to study piano after hearing a recording of Chopin's Polonaise in A-flat major, Opus 53 played by Vladimir Horowitz. Even though his piano teacher Kenneth Aiken recommended that he continue his study at the Curtis Institute of Music, Reynolds followed the suggestion from his parents that a musical career was not practical. After receiving a bachelor degree of engineering physics at the University of Michigan, he worked in the industry for a short period of time. In 1957, he returned to Michigan and resumed his study of music by taking a class called Composition for Non-Composers under the instruction of Ross Lee Finney. Reynolds continued his compositional study with Finney and Gerhard who were influenced by the Second Viennese School until he finished the master's degree (B.M. 1960, M.M. 1961). Variation was written under the auspices of The Banff Centre for the Arts in 1988. This piece was dedicated to Peter Serkin and premiered by Alec Karis, a faculty member at UCSD, on December 3, 1991 at Merkin Concert Hall, New York. This large-scale set of variations for piano is one of the rare instances in which Reynolds used a conventional genre. What concerned Reynolds most in Variation was "the notion that transformations of meaning could occur entirely as a result of changes in context." He designed this variation as five sections -capriccioso and I, grave and II, III, scorrevole and coda. Capriccioso, grave and scorrevole also refer to the three basic thematic elements of this piece. These three main themes appear throughout the whole piece employing fragmentations or superimpositions. Reynolds used two computer algorithms (SPLITZ and SPIRLZ) to make transformations on these three thematic ideas. He cut the themes up into small fragments, and then recombined these fragments into a kind of altered mosaic. This process resembles his experiments on words: he disassembled words into elementary figures (dots, lines, etc.) and gathered them into new figures, i.e. new words.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Low Reynolds Number; Micro Air Vehicle; Low Aspect Ratio; Spanwise pressure measurements; Spanwise Lift Distributions. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-85).