This work aims to find out the presence of the resistant population (sub-population) of cabbage seedpod weevil. The collection of beetles took place from April to July in the years 2013-2014 all over the Czech Republic. Resistance was tested for two active substances: lambda-cyhalotrin from the group of pyrethroids and thiacloprid (Biscaya 240 OD) from the group of neonicotinoids. Both active substances were tested in 21 locations. The methodics of the IRAC organization was followed in the tests. It was found that the active substances lambda-cyhalotrin had 100% efficiency in both years, while Biscaya 240 OD (active substance thiacloprid) had reduced efficiency in the year 2013 - between 93 and 100%. So far the efficacy of the substances has been high; we should, however, stick to antiresistant strategies and alternate between active substances from various groups of active substances with different mechanisms of action.

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Bacterial infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms are classified among one of the major global health problems. In recent decades, bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has been seen as a major problem in the human and veterinary fields. The dissertation thesis is focused on the development and evaluation of the biological activity of antimicrobial agents, followed by describing the mechanism of antibiotic resistance from a molecularly microbiologically aspects. In the experimental part the nanomaterials, antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics and also the composites from these materials have been used for development of new antimicrobial agents and subsequently tested for their inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. The synthesized antimicrobials were physically and chemically characterized and their biological activity was established by basic microbiological and molecular methods. The results show that the produced composites can overcome existing drug resistance mechanisms, show excellent biocompatibility, and can be used in clinical practice in the future.

This thesis was created during the work on the project MZe NAZV QJ1230077. It focuses on the resistance of the species Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham 1802) to insecticides. The thesis contains results of testing Czech populations of the species from various locations, and also basic characteristics of other significant rapeseed pests. Adult individuals of the species were collected in 2016 on Czech rapeseed fields. The collected individuals were tested in laboratory conditions in accordance with the methods of the organization IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee), with the help of the Adult-vial-test. The tested substances were lambda-cyhalotrin, tau-fluvalinate, the preparate Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl. The contact efficiency was evaluated after 24 hours. The substances lambda-cyhalotrin and tau-fluvalinate had a slightly lower effect. Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl showed 100% efficiency.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jakub Poráč Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of CDK and FLT3 inhibitors on activity of ABC efflux transporters in vitro, relation to multidrug resistance P-gp and BCRP are transmembrane proteins that form part of a large family of ABC transporters. These are ATP-driven transporters, which main task is to eliminate exogenous and endogenous substances and their metabolites from cells of both, healthy and tumour tissues. This activity is often associated with the expulsion of administered therapeutics and multiple drug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells. A promising therapy of cancer represents a newer class of drugs target the tyrosine kinase (TK), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which are cell enzymes responsible for the processes of proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) are used in the treatment of breast cancer, but at the same time they form a new group of drugs with the potential for use in hematological malignancies. In the treatment of AML, a new successful approach is TK inhibitors (TKI), which target the mutated FLT3 receptor, specifically the recently approved drugs midostaurin and...

The aim of this thesis was to find the current occurrence of resistant sub-population of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775) to the selected species active ingredients and the preparation. Adults of pollen beetles were collected from commonly used fields of oilseed rape plants at the time of the first process of flowering until the end of the entire flowering process. The sample collection was carried out during years 2012 and 2013 in twenty locations in the Czech Republic. The Levels of resistance were assessed in a laboratory test called Adult-vial- Test according to official methods used by the International Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). The first part of this thesis describes the biology of pollen beetles. It also describes other pests found on the oilseed rape plant. It further explains the basic concepts and summarizes the occurrence of resistant sub-populations of Pollen beetle in the Czech Republic and other European countries. The second part of this thesis constitutes the practical aspect of the research where there is testing of the resistance of sub-populations of pollen beetles on used active ingredients and the preparation of Biscaya 240 OD.

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