The most significant economic losses in breeding of weaned piglets cause bacterial infectious diseases. The antimicrobial agents are used to combat and control infections. Moreover, antibiotics are still utilized as growth promoters at lower concentrations in some countries. With the increasing incidence of resistant bacterial strains, including human medicine, the use of antibiotics has been limited and controlled in the European Union. Similar antimicrobial effects are provided by zinc oxide, which is used today in prevention instead of prohibited antibiotics. However, high concentrations of zinc get into the environment along with slurry and contaminate the soil. Currently, new forms of zinc nanoparticles have been developed to decrease the effective zinc concentrations utilized in agriculture. The experimental part of this thesis includes 3 experimental groups of weaned piglets. The first group was control group (basal diet), the second was supplemented by zinc oxide and the third group was treated by zinc nanoparticles supplements. These groups were subdivided according to the concentration of zinc compound (500, 1000 and 2000 mg.kg-1) and each group contained 10 piglets. Feces samples were collected on 0th, 5th, 10th and 20th day of the experiment. 224 bacterial strains were isolated from these samples and identified as Escherichia coli, a potential causative agent of coliform infections. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility/resistance to the most common antibiotics employed in Czech animal husbandry and also to the important antibiotics of human medicine. The best results (the highest efficiency) were achieved by ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefotaxime and colistin. The most frequent incidence of resistant strains were found for chlortetracycline, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Moreover, 2 isolates were evaluated as producers of extended-spectrum β-lactamases by testing with combination of ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and 5 isolates by testing with combination of cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The comparison of resistant strains incidence across the experimental groups, did not show an induction of antimicrobial resistance in association with dietary administration of zinc nanoparticles in feed mixtures.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome and depression are considered to be important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is estimated to be around 25% of the adult population in industrialized countries, including the population of Czech Republic. The prevalence of depression is estimated to be around 15% of the same adult population. It is not clear yet on the base of poor literature, which is so far available, whether there is a causal relationship between these factors or not. Objective: To try to find a relationship between metabolic syndrome and depression in a population sample using clinical and metabolic parameters. Methods: The prevalence of depressivity or other psychopathologies was evaluated with the use of self-report questionnaires in a randomly selected population sample of 259 people living in Pilsen. The questionnaires were mailed to the subjects. Those of them who responded were invited to the examination of anthropometric and laboratory parameters defining the metabolic syndrome and to the examination of some other parameters. The occurrence of risk factors of the metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance and the relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome was investigated. Metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance...

This diploma thesis is addresed to the Evaluation of PIWI variety for making a white wine. The theoretical part describes phenophases of grapevines, the basic quantitative and qualitative parameters. The following part clarifies the characterization of the PIWI and describes the grape breeding in Czech republic and in abroad. The experiment was performed in location of Mendeleum in Lednice na Morave. There were observed seven interspecific and three conventional varieties of grape. In the practise part I evaluate the phenophasis and I analize a quantitative parameters such as sugar content, titrate acids, pH, tartaric acid, malic acid, assimilated nitrogen, total flavanols and antiradical activity. The all results of these analysis are elaborated and evaluated in the charts and graphs.

Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) belongs among the most frequent viral pathogens causing severe yield and seed quality losses in field pea and other legumes. These losses might be the most effectively prevented by use of resistant varieties. Resistance to the common P1 strain of PSbMV is conferred by a single recessive gene (eIF4E), localized on LG VI (sbm-1 locus), while the resistance to lentil L1 strain is localized on LGII at sbm-2 locus. Germplasm of 2803 pea accessions was screened for eIF4E intron 3 length polymorphism using two sets of primer combinations, resulting in the detection of four eIF4EA-B-C-S variants, whose distribution was geographically structured. In order to identify gene underlaying sbm-2 locus, we have analyzed variation in the candidate eIF(iso)4E gene sequences from selected pea lines, reported as donors of resistance. we analyzed expression of both resistant and sensitive eIF4E alleles in F1 and F2 heterozygous plants, sensitive and resistant homozygotes after PSbMV infection, by qRT-PCR together with evaluation of viral concentration.

Diploma thesis is followed of bachelor thesis of the same author out of 2013. The aim of this work was evaluation sensibility of the flea beetles of birth Phyllotreta and Psylliodes to active substances of pyrethroid insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and tau-fluvalinate), neonicotinoids (thiacloprid) and organophosphorous insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl). The research was conducted during 2013 in the 22 locations and in 2014 at 15 sites in the Czech Republic. Beetles were collected from normal commercial oilseed colza and mustard. Testing was conducted by laboratory methods of IRAC number 011, 021 and 025, during testing was used the (adul-vial-test). These metods are determined for monitoring (Meligethes spp.), but also these metods are suitable for testing another kind of pest of colza. Between the compared samples of populations flea beetles were found in some localities differences in their sensitivity to the active used substance. The species spectrum of flea beetles were observed in populations collected in 2012. Index of dominance for individual flea beetles species were determined. P. nigripes (37,26 %), P. atra (35,26 %) and P. nemorum (23,26 %) were eudominant species, P. undulata (3,66 %) subdominant, P. vittula (0,06 %) and P. chrysocephala (0,50 %) subrecedent.

This thesis describes fundamental biological characteristics of soybean. Main topic of the thesis is finding resistence of twelve soybean varieties to bacterial blight. Virulence of four Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea isolates was tested in laboratory conditions to find isolates with the highest virulence, which were then used for testing of selected soybean varieties resistance to this patogen. The highest virulence was found in Šumperk 112 isolate and Žabčice isolate. These isolates were used for testing of soybean varieties resistance. The lowest resistance was found in Moravians variety, low resistance was found in Laurentiana variety and Bru-nensis variety. High resistance was found in Gallec variety and Chinese NM3 variety.

The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described. New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic. The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated. The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed. For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of resistance to fungal diseases at selected crossings of grapevine. The experiment was done in 2014 at the experimental station in the cadastral region of Lednice in Moravia. 20 seedlings emerged from intersecting hybrids were tested. The experiment confirmed that the variety Bianca is a good donor of the resistance and therefore it is almost resistant to local races of pathogen of grapevine mildew. Hibernal variety is moderately resistant to grapevine mildew.

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