Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-175).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1956. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 16 (1956) no. 11, p. 2224. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-109).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1954. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-35).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / David A. Washburn , committee chair; Claudio C. Cantalupo, Eric J. Vanman, Duane M. Rumbaugh, committee members. Electronic text (102 p. : col. ill.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-96).

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Title from title screen. David A. Washburn, committee chair; Michael J. Beran, Eric J. Vanman, Heather M. Kleider, Roger K. R. Thompson, committee members. Electronic text (84 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 14, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84).

abstract: In the past decade, research on the motor control side of neuroprosthetics has steadily gained momentum. However, modern research in prosthetic development supplements a focus on motor control with a concentration on sensory feedback. Simulating sensation is a central issue because without sensory capabilities, the sophistication of the most advanced motor control system fails to reach its full potential. This research is an effort toward the development of sensory feedback specifically for neuroprosthetic hands. The present aim of this work is to understand the processing and representation of cutaneous sensation by evaluating performance and neural activity in somatosensory cortex (SI) during a grasp task. A non-human primate (Macaca mulatta) was trained to reach out and grasp textured instrumented objects with a precision grip. Two different textures for the objects were used, 100% cotton cloth and 60-grade sandpaper, and the target object was presented at two different orientations. Of the 167 cells that were isolated for this experiment, only 42 were recorded while the subject executed a few blocks of successful trials for both textures. These latter cells were used in this study's statistical analysis. Of these, 37 units (88%) exhibited statistically significant task related activity. Twenty-two units (52%) exhibited statistically significant tuning to texture, and 16 units (38%) exhibited statistically significant tuning to posture. Ten of the cells (24%) exhibited statistically significant tuning to both texture and posture. These data suggest that single units in somatosensory cortex can encode multiple phenomena such as texture and posture. However, if this information is to be used to provide sensory feedback for a prosthesis, scientists must learn to further parse cortical activity to discover how to induce specific modalities of sensation. Future experiments should therefore be developed that probe more variables and that more systematically and comprehensively scan somatosensory cortex. This will allow researchers to seek out the existence or non-existence of cortical pockets reserved for certain modalities of sensation, which will be valuable in learning how to later provide appropriate sensory feedback for a prosthesis through cortical stimulation. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Bioengineering 2011

Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the few treatments that has been observed to significantly extend life in a wide variety of species. While its life-extending properties are still being investigated in primates, there is general agreement that it reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, there is some evidence that it may ameliorate or delay the onset of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including age-related white matter degeneration. The processes underlying its neuroprotective effects in non-human primates are unknown, but oxidative stress and inflammation are potential contributors to age-related white matter pathologies that characterize aging in the monkey brain and correlate with cognitive decline. To determine if CR reduces damage due to oxidative stress and inflammation in the monkey brain, brains from four calorie restricted monkeys and four matched controls brains were processed for immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody against the pro-inflammatory protein S100b. S100b is a widely expressed calcium-binding cytoplasmic protein associated with neurological insults like ischemia, atrophy, and neurofibrillary tangles and plaques in Alzheimer's disease. It is primarily expressed in astrocytes, but is also expressed to a lesser extent in microglia, oligodendrocytes, and some neuronal populations. Stereology was used to estimate density of S100b labeling in the cingulum, corpus callosum and visual cortex. No significant difference between calorie restricted animals and controls was found. More specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation may be more effective in revealing any significant differences between CR and control brains. Potential alternatives include antibodies against 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, and encephalitogenic peptides of myelin basic protein, which are only exposed to the extracellular environment when myelin is damaged.

Prenatal stress has been correlated with adverse developmental outcomes affecting infant cognition and behavior. Previous studies have shown that prenatal stress can lead to increased susceptibility to adult disease but few studies have looked at the physiological stress response system by measuring the activity of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Cortisol, the output of the HPA axis can be secreted in many different matrices (saliva, blood, urine, feces and hair). Most studies that do, only look at one measure of hormone production instead of examining multiple matrices. Additionally these studies do not look at the relationship between matrices. Hair provides a long-term assessment of cortisol hormone production as related to infant behavior. Four measures of cortisol representative of prenatal and postpartum periods were collected in a sample population of rhesus macaques at the NIH facility. No stress was applied to these animals and cortisol concentrations were assessed in maternal hair, infant hair, amniotic fluid, and mothers’ milk. These cortisol measures were then analyzed first to determine vii the relationships between the four measures and second to relate these cortisol values to infant behavior in the primate neonatal neurobehavioral assessment. Subjects of this study were 30 mothers and infants from the 2015 and 2016 breeding cohort. 25 of which, were unique dyads. Using four statistical analyses and 3 groupings of behavior, we found that maternal hair cortisol concentrations were correlated with different temperaments of infants, while milk cortisol concentrations were correlated with infant’s visual exploration of the environment. Additionally, an inverse relationship was found between hair cortisol concentrations and both hair cortisol concentrations with amniotic fluid cortisol. Together, the four statistical analyses show that Maternal HPA axis activation during and after pregnancy affects infant behavioral development 1 month postpartum.