Theorists who have categorized translation as an imperfect and never-ending task have also questioned the legitimacy of this field over the years. It is uncommon for other disciplines to consider translation a topic of study. Except for translation classes in which students discuss in detail the nature of the translators’ tasks and their methodology, professors of other disciplines rarely address the fact that the voice of the translator is an overlooked, yet an important component of any translation. As a consequence, students around the globe read translated works without acknowledging translators’ ethos and their rhetorical situation. The consideration of this voice in those translated texts is mentioned only in passing, if at all. Due to the lack of discussion that relates the disciplines of translation and rhetoric, it is imperative to re/examine and re/frame the current state of the rhetoric of translation and comment on the traditional and historiographical ties that intertwine these two disciplines. In this way I argue that translation, as a discipline, should be considered part of the rhetorical tradition, and a key element within rhetorical education. This relationship between rhetoric and translation is further complemented with the pedagogical application of practical rhetorical and translation tools in the analysis and critical interpretation of selected Western translated texts. The fruition of this goal will be presented through a new approximation to the reading of these very same texts. To this end, I am also introducing a new literacy called Transglobal whose aim is twofold: For one, it aims to decenter preconceived patterns of thought that confine the interpretation of translated texts within the boundaries of mere ideological superstructures, but it is also based upon a pedagogy that is global, transcending all national boundaries. In sum, what I am proposing is that professors of all disciplines engage in a rhetorical and translation dialogue with their students to broaden the understanding and current perception of translated texts.

This thesis analyzes public “nurse-ins” and breastfeeding activism of the past decade, examining public breastfeeding demonstrations as an example of collective rhetoric in which the individual is empowered in its relation to the masses. The author discusses the potential of collective rhetoric to reintroduce feminist activism at a time dominated by postfeminist discourse. Staged nurse-ins force the public to confront realities of the maternal body; however, the self-proclaimed “lactivists” seldom discuss the inseparable sexuality of the breast and the underlying narrative of “natural” and “good” motherhood. Addressing Foucauldian discursive formations, the author acknowledges that even though the resistant discourse cannot exist outside of the dominant discourses that continue to act upon it, collective demonstrations nevertheless hold the power to disrupt public perception of the maternal body.

This essay studies how advertisements in various anti-smoking campaigns can influence and persuade by using anti-logos as counter-arguments to the tobacco industry's logos. In contrast to tobacco advertising arguments such as freedom (logos), pleasure (pathos) and trademark (ethos) the anti-smoking campaigns create anti-logos arguments with various connotations such as repulsive pictures and sexual implications to influence groups of people not to start smoking or to quit smoking. Advertisement of tobacco does not exist nowadays due to legal restrictions in the western world; however several decades of myths created in the consumer consciousness still exist. Thus one can speak of a tobacco advertising ideology that exists and the various anti-smoking campaigns trying to change that ideology. The purpose of anti-smoking campaigns is to conduct a kategoria of myth that tobacco advertisement has created over the years. Anti smoking organizations do this by creating a new ideology to affect consumer’s attitude toward smoking and the tobacco myth with an anti-myth. This becomes a counter-myth to the myth created by tobacco advertising and their logos and pathos arguments. The anti-smoke commercial logos become anti-logos and pathos to anti-pathos (antipathy) for the cigarette whose arguments are created from the viewer's connotations of anti-smoke commercials. The cigarette, as a product of connotations in commercials, shows how rhetorical persua-sion becomes public relations and vice versa.

This thesis is a qualitative study in which 12 award-winning printed adverts, awarded with either a Swedish “Guldägg” or an international Clio Award, have been analyzed from a rhetorical perspective. Visual rhetorics were used to analyze the adverts in order to expose the rhetorical concepts and to find out whether the rhetorical concepts represented in the Swedish adverts are the same concepts represented in the international adverts. One of the conclusions drawn is that pathos-arguments, a rhetorical concept where the senders allude to the emotions of the receivers, are the most prominent in both Swedish and international adverts, but are used in different ways. Another conclusion drawn is that the adverts are overall characterized by their messages not being explicit. This is a rhetorical concept being used in order to stand out in today’s media flow.

This project investigates how rhetorical texts influenced the witch trials that were held in Salem in 1691-1692, how rhetoric shaped the response to this event, and how rhetorical artifacts in the twentieth and twenty first centuries have shaped American public memory of the Salem witchcraft crisis. My analysis draws from three different chronological and rhetorical viewpoints. In Chapter II, I build upon work done by scholars such as McGee, White, and Charland in the area of constitutive rhetoric to address the question of how the witchcraft crisis was initiated and fueled rhetorically. Then, as my examination shifts to the rhetorical artifacts constructed immediately after the trials in Chapter III, I rely on the tradition of apologia, rooted in the ancient Greek understanding of stasis theory to understand how rhetorical elements were utilized by influential rhetors to craft a variety of different explanations for the crisis. And finally in Chapter IV, I draw from individuals such as Halbwachs, Kammen, Zelizer, and Bodnar, working in the cross-disciplinary field of public memory, to respond to the questions of how we remember the trials today and what impact these memories have on our understanding of the themes of witchcraft and witch hunting in contemporary American society. Therefore, this project uses the lens of rhetorical analysis to provide a method for examining and understanding how individuals, both in the seventeenth century and today, have engaged in the act of updating their reflections about this facet of American history.

Based on author's thesis. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-238) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Faculté des lettres, Université de Helsinki, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-261) and index.

Based on author's thesis. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-238) and index.

Based on author's thesis. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-238) and index.

Narratives and Rhetoric: Persuasion in Doctors’ Writings about the Summer Complaint, 1883-1939, is a study of narrative as it is used in scientific writing. This rhetorical analysis follows the historical evolution of a genre as the genre mediates competing scientific, professional, and social forces, changes them, and is changed by them. Despite advances in scientific and medical technology that offered supposedly objective and measurable data and despite doctors’ push for recognition as scientific professionals, doctors’ writing increasingly relied on narrative as a persuasive device in medical articles published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Medical narratives perform pedagogical functions, illustrating both the general course of a disease and variant courses so that practitioners can make better diagnoses when they are faced with similar cases. Medical narratives also shape doctors’ discourse and, through that, the practice of medicine and the formation of the medical profession. Medical narratives maintain ambiguity, perpetuating the need for the skilled human clinician despite the proliferation of more and more sophisticated medical technology. Medical narratives also determine how the various participants in medical decisions--the doctor, the patient, the parent, and the disease itself--are valued and judged. These value judgments determine what medical interventions and cultural systems are deployed to return a patient to health. Medical narratives can be epideictic, reinforcing doctors’ ethos; they can be disciplinary, correcting errant members; and they can be exhortatory, urging doctors toward better ethical practice. Thus, narratives are extremely valuable in medical discourse, and their persistence in doctors’ writing is easily explained. / text