As manifestações vulcânicas e sub-vulcânicas riolíticas do Neoproterozoico do sul do Brasil são correlacionados a um intenso magmatismo ácido, ligados à diferentes associações petrotectônicas do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense. Uma porção deste vulcanismo ocorre no Cinturão Dom Feliciano, associado ao Batólito de Pelotas, e é resultante de episódios magmáticos vinculados à ambientes pós-colisionais relacionados com os estágios finais do Neoproterozoico no sul do Brasil. O Riolito Ana Dias é a principal ocorrência sub-vulcânica deste vulcanismo e está situado na região de Quitéria, na parte central do Rio Grande do Sul. O magmatismo ácido tem sido comumente associado com as fases mais diferenciadas das suítes graníticas durante os estágios finais de evolução do Batólito de Pelotas. O Riolito Ana Dias é caracterizado como um corpo intrusivo, constituído por rochas que apresentam textura porfirítica à seriada, variando para termos equigranulares finos. Novas idades U-Pb obtidas em zircões indicam uma idade de cristalização de 581,9 ± 1,9 Ma para estes riolitos. Dados geoquímicos caracterizam as rochas riolíticas como sendo da série alcalina. Apresentam um caráter metaluminoso a peraluminoso com teores elevados de SiO2, álcalis, FeOt/FeOt+MgO e índice agpaítico e baixos conteúdos de Al2O3, CaO e MgO. Os valores de Zr, Rb, Y, Nb e Ga são moderados em comparação com os conteúdos relativamente baixos de Ba e Sr. Estas características geoquímicas de elementos maiores e traços são comuns em magmas ácidos de afinidade alcalina, com caráter dominantemente metaluminoso. O padrão de alguns elementos-traços e ETR é caracterizado por um enriquecimento em elementos mais incompatíveis, o que juntamente com a anomalia negativa em Ba, o leve enriquecimento em Ce em relação aos elementos adjacentes e o enriquecimento de K2O e Rb em relação ao Nb, sugerem magmas derivados de fontes mantélicas, enriquecidas em elementos incompatíveis com alguma forma de participação crustal. As características químicas são semelhantes com as de magmatismo granítico do tipo A, relacionado a ambientes pós-colisionais. Os dados litoquímicos obtidos indicam uma vinculação genética com as rochas graníticas mais diferenciadas da Suíte Dom Feliciano do Batólito Pelotas, associadas ao magmatismo Neoproterozoico pós-colisional do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense. / Neoproterozoic volcanic and subvolcanic rhyolitic systems in southernmost Brazil are correlated with acid magmatism linked to different petrotectonic associations of the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield. A portion of this volcanism in the Dom Feliciano Belt is associated with the Pelotas Batholith, which resulted from magmatic episodes associated with the Ediacaran post-collisional evolution of southern Brazil. Ana Dias Rhyolite is the main subvolcanic occurrence of this volcanism that took place in the Quitéria region, in the central part of Rio Grande do Sul State. The acid magmatism has been commonly associated with the most differentiated granite suite phases during the final stages of emplacement of the Pelotas Batholith. The Ana Dias Rhyolite is characterized as an intrusive body with rocks that present a porphyritic to seriated texture and a gradational variation to fine-grained equigranular rocks. New zircon U-Pb dating indicates crystallization age of 581.9 ± 1.9 Ma for the Ana Dias Rhyolite. Geochemistry data characterize the rhyolites as belonging to the alkaline series; they present a metaluminous to peraluminous character; elevated SiO2 and alkali concentrations, high FeOt/FeOt+MgO ratios and agpaitic index; and low Al2O3, CaO, and MgO contents. The Zr, Rb, Y, Nb, and Ga concentrations are moderate when compared with the relatively low Ba and Sr contents. These geochemistry characteristics are common in acid magmas with alkaline affinity. The behavior of certain trace elements and REE demonstrate enrichment in more incompatible elements, in addition to the negative anomaly of Ba, the slight enrichment in Ce relative to adjacent elements, as well as the enrichment in K2O and Rb relative to Nb, suggesting magmas derived from mantle sources enriched in incompatible elements with some crustal contamination. The chemical characteristics are similar to those of A-type granites associated with Neoproterozoic post-collision magmatism in the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield.

<p> A series of shallow intrusive and extrusive silicic volcanic rocks near Mamainse Point, Ontario, were sampled and analyzed for major and trace elements. The rocks are mainly fine grained, silicified rhyolites grading to dacites containing phenocrysts of quartz and feldspar. The analyses performed (XRF, AAS) indicate that many of these rocks have been altered from the normal igneous spectrum of rocks to potassic keratophyres. An enrichment in potash from potash metasomatism has accompanied low grade, burial metamorphism to produce a secondary mineral assemblage including chlorite, carbonate, and sericite. Local intense alteration of some rocks involved the depletion of mobile alkalis and addition of water and co2 to form calcite and kaolin. The overall field and chemical evidence suggest a single magmatic source for these rocks. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

The main rock unit exposed in the southern part of the Tucson Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, is the Cat Mountain rhyolite. It forms the eastward dipping slope and the western escarpment of the mountain range, capping the large fault blocks which make up the range. Petrographic and radiometric data combine to show that the Cat Mountain rhyolite, as originally defined, consists of two major ash flow eruption sequences. The lower sequence is less uniform and continuous than the highly welded characteristically jointed upper unit. A basal non welded unit is found along the western escarpment, a partly welded transition zone is found between the welded units, and a capping partly-to-non-welded unit is exposed in protected parts of the eastern slope. The volcanic history of the area began with the emplacement of a nuee ardente deposit forming the “chaos” unit. This was followed by two ash flow pulses through the same vents, and the sequence was terminated by the intrusion of spherulitic rhyolite sealing up the vents.

No description available.

Le magmatisme Néogène italien est caractérisé par une grande variété pétrologique et géochimique, couvrant presque entièrement le spectre des roches magmatiques connues dans le monde entier. Le volcanisme récent, Quaternaire, comprenant des laves de composition<br />basiques et intermédiaires, est à la base de la majorité des modèles géodynamiques. Comparativement, le magmatisme acide, correspondant aux premières manifestations sur la marge Tyrrhénienne est beaucoup pour les édifices de la Province Toscane (San Vincenzo, Roccastrada et Amiata). Pour le volcan de Monte Amiata, de nouvelles données isotopiques Sr-Nd et Pb confirment qu'il est en terme de sources un hybride entre les Province Toscane et Romaine. Nous proposons grâce aux âges obtenus un nouveau scénario pour sa mise en place. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) des données isotopiques du Pb de toutes les manifestations acides étudiées dans cette thèse a permis d'identifier les deux composants source à l'origine de ces roches. Le composant le plus important est un pôle mantellique<br />correspondant à un mélange entre DM et HIMU, tandis que le second, dont le rôle est mineur comparé au premier, est un pôle enrichi de type crustal. Les roches acides les plus au Sud (Pontines) montrent une influence plus forte du composant DM+HIMU. Ainsi, même sur des<br />roches aussi différenciées et à plus petite échelle (l'Italie centrale), on retrouve la tendance générale propre à l'ensemble de la péninsule Italienne et de la Sicile, dérivée de l'étude isotopique des roches basiques, qui montre un mélange général entre DM et HIMU auquel s'ajoute un composant dérivé de la croûte. L'influence du pôle DM-HIMU est croissante du<br />Nord au Sud de l'Italie. Etendue à l'échelle de la marge Tyrrhénienne italienne, l'ACP permet d'identifier deux<br />domaines sources, délimités par une discontinuité lithosphérique majeure de l'Italie centrale, le 41ème Parallèle, dans lesquels les composants évoluent différemment. Les caractéristiques du domaine Nord pourraient être contrôlées par un processus de délamination de la lithosphère inférieure, celles du domaine Sud par un retrait rapide du slab, les deux<br />phénomènes provoquant une remontée asthénosphérique.

The Pantano Formation comprises 1,250 m of alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine, and volcanic rocks deposited in a basin formed in response to regional extension during mid- Tertiary time in southeastern Arizona. During deposition, the locations and composition of sediment source areas varied as contemporaneous uplift occurred adjacent to the basin. The lower half of the formation was deposited as alluvial fans that prograded northward, westward, and southward; the upper half was deposited during southwestward retreat of alluvial fan deposition and the onset of lacustrine deposition. An andesite flow separates the two depositional regimes. Radiometric dates of 24.4 ± 2.6 m.y. B.P. for the andesite and 36.7 ± 1.1 m.y. B.P. for a rhyolitic tuff disconformably underlying the formation indicate that deposition occurred during Oligocene to early Miocene time. Proper stratigraphic sequencing and description, paleocurrent analysis, and gravel provenance study aided in understanding the depositional history of the formation.