O trabalho estudou o estado nutricional de uma amostra aleatória (n = 98) de idosos vivendo na zona urbana do Distrito Bonfim Paulista e procurou identificar alguns fatores relacionados ao risco de desnutrição. Os idosos selecionados foram avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional através da “Mini Avaliação Nutricional" (MAN) e através do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Também foi elaborado um questionário domiciliar especifico contendo questões relacionadas à escolaridade, renda do idoso e da família, perfil multidimensional, impressão subjetiva de saúde e de qualidade de vida, atividade de trabalho, moradia, doenças crônicas, atividade de vida diária e participação social. Procuramos, desta forma, identificar a prevalência de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição na comunidade e identificar fatores associados com a menor pontuação na MAN, ou seja, fatores que possam contribuir para um pior prognóstico nutricional. Participaram do trabalho 98 voluntários sendo 30 (30,6%) idosos do sexo masculino e 68 (69,4%) do sexo feminino. Detectamos a prevalência de 11,2% de idosos desnutridos, 37,7% de idosos sob risco de desnutrição e 51,1% de bem nutridos de acordo com MAN. Após avaliação da normalidade, usamos testes não paramétricos (Kruskall-Wallis) quando estes três grupos foram comparados em relação às diferentes variáveis estudadas como idade, IMC, consumo energético, gasto energético e variáveis neuropsiquiátricas. Observamos que a MAN é um método viável e de fácil aplicabilidade em idosos vivendo em comunidades brasileiras e que nossos resultados foram semelhantes à maioria dos estudos que usaram a MAN como instrumento de investigação da prevalência de “risco de desnutrição" na comunidade. Paralelamente, acreditamos que a variável IMC não é um bom parâmetro para caracterização de desnutrição e que o estado de saúde mental do idoso contribui fortemente para o seu estado nutricional. Em relação ao consumo energético podemos dizer que, continua sendo uma das principais causas de desnutrição na terceira idade e pode estar presente mesmo entre os idosos caracterizados como nutridos. Para avaliação de associações de determinados fatores, discriminados no questionário geral, com o estado nutricional, montamos tabelas 2X2 e usamos o teste exato de Fisher. Procuramos observar associações entre algumas variáveis com dois grupos: o primeiro que tinha escore inferior a 23,5 e outro que possuía escore superior a 24 na MAN acreditando que estes valores definem, respectivamente, um pior e melhor estado nutricional. Desta forma foi possível observar que fatores como o analfabetismo, baixa renda familiar, falta de participação social e em atividades de trabalho possuem forte correlação com escores inferiores na Mini Avaliação Nutricional apesar de não fazerem parte do seu conteúdo. A auto avaliação do estado de saúde ou impressão subjetiva de saúde possui forte correlação com a maior ou menor pontuação na MAN. Finalmente, apesar de não ter havido correlação estatística, acreditamos que haja uma tendência à maior prevalência de desnutrição em faixas etárias mais elevadas. / The present investigation was carried out to study the nutritional status of a random sample (n = 98) of aged subjects living in the urban zone of the Bonfim Paulista district and to identify some factors related to the risk of malnutrition. The chosen aged subjects were evaluated for nutritional status by the \"Mini Nutritional Assessment\" (MNA) and by the 24-hour food recall method. Also a specific domiciliary questionnaire was elaborated with questions related to educational level, income of the aged and of the family, multidimensional profile, self- reported health status, work activity, housing, chronic illnesses, activities of daily living and social participation. We were interested in identifying the prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in the community and factors associated with the lower scores on the MNA, i.e., factors that can contribute to a worse nutritional prognosis. Ninety-eight (98) volunteers participated in the study, 30 of them (30.6%) males and 68 (69.4%) females. On the basis of the MNA, we detected an 11.2% prevalence of malnourished subjects, a 37.7% prevalence of subjects at risk of malnutrition and a 51.1% prevalence of well-nourished subjects. After evaluation of normality, we used nonparametric (Kruskall-Wallis) methods to compare these three groups. The groups had were compared for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, energy expenditure and psychiatrics variables. We observed that the MNA is a viable method of easy applicability in aged subjects living in Brazilian communities and that our results were similar to most of those obtained in studies using the MNA as an instrument of inquiry of the prevalence of \"risk of malnutrition\" in the community. At the same time, we believe that the BMI is not a good parameter for malnutrition characterization and that the mental health of the aged contributes strongly to their nutritional status. Regarding energy intake, we can say that it continues to be one of the main causes of malnutrition in the third age and can be present even among elderly subjects considered to be well-nourished. For evaluation of associations of determined variables, discriminated in the general questionnaire, with the nutritional status, we analyzed 2X2 contingency tables and used Fisher’s exact test. We were interested in determining associations between some variables in two groups: one with a score of less than 23.5 points and the other with a score of more than 24 points on the MNA, since we believe that these values define a worse and a better nutritional status, respectively. On this basis, it was possible to observe that factors such as illiteracy, low family income, and lack of social and work activities are strongly correlated with a low score on the MNA, although they are not part of its content. The self-reported health status or subjective impression of health is strongly correlated with a higher or lower score on the MNA. Finally, although the correlation was not statistically significant, we believe that malnutrition tends to be more prevalent in older age ranges.

O trabalho estudou o estado nutricional de uma amostra aleatória (n = 98) de idosos vivendo na zona urbana do Distrito Bonfim Paulista e procurou identificar alguns fatores relacionados ao risco de desnutrição. Os idosos selecionados foram avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional através da “Mini Avaliação Nutricional” (MAN) e através do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Também foi elaborado um questionário domiciliar especifico contendo questões relacionadas à escolaridade, renda do idoso e da família, perfil multidimensional, impressão subjetiva de saúde e de qualidade de vida, atividade de trabalho, moradia, doenças crônicas, atividade de vida diária e participação social. Procuramos, desta forma, identificar a prevalência de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição na comunidade e identificar fatores associados com a menor pontuação na MAN, ou seja, fatores que possam contribuir para um pior prognóstico nutricional. Participaram do trabalho 98 voluntários sendo 30 (30,6%) idosos do sexo masculino e 68 (69,4%) do sexo feminino. Detectamos a prevalência de 11,2% de idosos desnutridos, 37,7% de idosos sob risco de desnutrição e 51,1% de bem nutridos de acordo com MAN. Após avaliação da normalidade, usamos testes não paramétricos (Kruskall-Wallis) quando estes três grupos foram comparados em relação às diferentes variáveis estudadas como idade, IMC, consumo energético, gasto energético e variáveis neuropsiquiátricas. Observamos que a MAN é um método viável e de fácil aplicabilidade em idosos vivendo em comunidades brasileiras e que nossos resultados foram semelhantes à maioria dos estudos que usaram a MAN como instrumento de investigação da prevalência de “risco de desnutrição” na comunidade. Paralelamente, acreditamos que a variável IMC não é um bom parâmetro para caracterização de desnutrição e que o estado de saúde mental do idoso contribui fortemente para o seu estado nutricional. Em relação ao consumo energético podemos dizer que, continua sendo uma das principais causas de desnutrição na terceira idade e pode estar presente mesmo entre os idosos caracterizados como nutridos. Para avaliação de associações de determinados fatores, discriminados no questionário geral, com o estado nutricional, montamos tabelas 2X2 e usamos o teste exato de Fisher. Procuramos observar associações entre algumas variáveis com dois grupos: o primeiro que tinha escore inferior a 23,5 e outro que possuía escore superior a 24 na MAN acreditando que estes valores definem, respectivamente, um pior e melhor estado nutricional. Desta forma foi possível observar que fatores como o analfabetismo, baixa renda familiar, falta de participação social e em atividades de trabalho possuem forte correlação com escores inferiores na Mini Avaliação Nutricional apesar de não fazerem parte do seu conteúdo. A auto avaliação do estado de saúde ou impressão subjetiva de saúde possui forte correlação com a maior ou menor pontuação na MAN. Finalmente, apesar de não ter havido correlação estatística, acreditamos que haja uma tendência à maior prevalência de desnutrição em faixas etárias mais elevadas. / The present investigation was carried out to study the nutritional status of a random sample (n = 98) of aged subjects living in the urban zone of the Bonfim Paulista district and to identify some factors related to the risk of malnutrition. The chosen aged subjects were evaluated for nutritional status by the \"Mini Nutritional Assessment\" (MNA) and by the 24-hour food recall method. Also a specific domiciliary questionnaire was elaborated with questions related to educational level, income of the aged and of the family, multidimensional profile, self- reported health status, work activity, housing, chronic illnesses, activities of daily living and social participation. We were interested in identifying the prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in the community and factors associated with the lower scores on the MNA, i.e., factors that can contribute to a worse nutritional prognosis. Ninety-eight (98) volunteers participated in the study, 30 of them (30.6%) males and 68 (69.4%) females. On the basis of the MNA, we detected an 11.2% prevalence of malnourished subjects, a 37.7% prevalence of subjects at risk of malnutrition and a 51.1% prevalence of well-nourished subjects. After evaluation of normality, we used nonparametric (Kruskall-Wallis) methods to compare these three groups. The groups had were compared for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, energy expenditure and psychiatrics variables. We observed that the MNA is a viable method of easy applicability in aged subjects living in Brazilian communities and that our results were similar to most of those obtained in studies using the MNA as an instrument of inquiry of the prevalence of \"risk of malnutrition\" in the community. At the same time, we believe that the BMI is not a good parameter for malnutrition characterization and that the mental health of the aged contributes strongly to their nutritional status. Regarding energy intake, we can say that it continues to be one of the main causes of malnutrition in the third age and can be present even among elderly subjects considered to be well-nourished. For evaluation of associations of determined variables, discriminated in the general questionnaire, with the nutritional status, we analyzed 2X2 contingency tables and used Fisher’s exact test. We were interested in determining associations between some variables in two groups: one with a score of less than 23.5 points and the other with a score of more than 24 points on the MNA, since we believe that these values define a worse and a better nutritional status, respectively. On this basis, it was possible to observe that factors such as illiteracy, low family income, and lack of social and work activities are strongly correlated with a low score on the MNA, although they are not part of its content. The self-reported health status or subjective impression of health is strongly correlated with a higher or lower score on the MNA. Finally, although the correlation was not statistically significant, we believe that malnutrition tends to be more prevalent in older age ranges.

The overall aim was to follow the development of nutritional status and its significance for general health status using an epiemiologic method in a representative population‐based selection of older individuals in two cohorts. The main focus was to prospectively examine the significance of demographic, social and medical factors and to establish a basis to investigate the possibilities of preventive measures. Methods: Five hundred and eighty‐three individuals (278 women and 305 men), 75 and 80 years old, when included, living in a municipality in Östergötland in Sweden, participated in this study. Data collection took place 2001‐2006 with one examination yearly. The examination included a single question regarding self‐perceived health demographical questions, different questionnaires in the areas of nutritional status, symptoms of depression, cognitive function, health‐related quality of life and well being and objective assessments such as anthropometrical, physical and biochemical measurements. Results: Fifty percent of the women (I) and 58% of the men (II) perceived themselves as healthy. Important factors for women’s health (I) at baseline were no or few symptoms of depression, better physical mobility and better physical health. Among men who perceived themselves as healthy (II) at baseline, important factors were better physical health, maintaining a social network and the ability to walk outdoors. After one year 69% of the women and 75% of the men still perceived themselves as healthy. Among those women (I) who perceived themselves as healthy after one year, better physical mobility and better physical health were still important, with the addition of less or no pain. Important predictors for preserving health among men (II) were no symptoms of depression and the ability to walk up and down stairs. The prevalence of risk for malnutrition (III) was 14.5% (n=84), among women 18.8% and men 10.6%. Risk factors for malnutrition at baseline were a lower TSF, lower handgrip strength and worse physical health according to the PGC MAI. The incidence was 7.6%‐16.2%, and was distributed equally among women and men over time. Predictors for developing malnutrition were lower self‐perceived health, increased number of symptoms of depression.  Especially men with symptoms of depression ran a higher risk. Reported energy intake (IV) was low in relation to the estimated requirement, on average 74% among women and 67% among men. Intake of vitamins A, D, E and folate was below the recommended intake and the same pattern was found over time. A smaller weight loss was found among women and men from baseline to Follow‐up 2. Conclusions: The experience of a good physical health was the only common factor for a good self‐perceived health among women and men. The highest risk for developing malnutrition was a combination of impaired self‐perceived health and increased number of symptoms of depression. Clinical implications: A combination of nutritional status, self‐perceived health and symptoms of depression can be a base for clinical judgement and can be used by different professionals in ealth and medical care and in home care service.

Current status: Although it was developed and published in many studies pointing to the impact of malnutrition and its relationship to the patient and the economy of the health systems, malnutrition remains a silent guide of hospitalized patients. In the year of 2014, the authors of the study group feedM.E. indicate in their articles the worldwide prevalence of malnutrition as a common and a costly (especially for the elderly). The rate of prevalence of malnutrition in a group of hospitalized patients is around 50%, according to this working group. Objectives: The goal of the project was to describe the methods for screening the patients with nutritional needs interventions by the nurses, the continuity of the care for patients in the risk of malnutrition, transmitting the information about the nutritional status of the patient during his hospitalization and delivery of care to another provider of health services and interdisciplinary co-workers involved in the care of patients in the risk of malnutrition. Methods: The research investigation conducted by the method of the qualitative research. The research subject was the process of detecting malnutrition and continuity of nutritional care for recipients of health services from the perspective of persons providing these services. The research method was chosen a depth interview. The sample of respondents was intentional and the file size was determined by saturation of the collected data. For data processing was used open coding and following categorization of the data which was obtained from interviews. The results were interpreted by using the "showdown". Participants: The request to facilitate the initiation of research has been mostly refused and addressed to the health service providers. Selection of interviewees was intentional by the circle of my former colleagues. With research have expressed their consent five nurses and five dietitians, which are working in the Czech Republic. Results: For identification of patients at the risk of malnutrition, all respondents have described the identification of patients at the risk of malnutrition on admission to the hospital by collecting of nursing history. During the interviews, the respondents have reported the problems both with the absence the reports including detection of patients at the risk of malnutrition from some stations at hospitals, as well as the jurisdictional disputes about the role of the dietitians in patient nutrition at intensive care unit, the complications with material and technical equipment of nursing stations and its applicability for use in specific patients. Also expressed the ignorance of screening tools which are used at the sites of all respondents, including dietitians. The inaccurate ideas of some respondents were in the terms of the skills and the competencies of individual professionals which are involved in the care of patients in the risk of malnutrition. Three nurses of the five indicated that information about the nutritional balance of the patient and their needs should affect the assessment of the patient's overall condition and could lead to changes in the nursing care plan or risk assessment (eg. the risk of pressure ulcers, etc.). Conclusion: The method of providing nutritional care in hospitals, in which respondents are employed, is headed toward pursuing the recommendations of the professional associations. In detail, however, they differ and are often close to the boundaries defined as a legal standards. Breaks are noticeable in continuity of the care, or are put excessive approval procedures, which can lead to delay of required nutritional interventions. Here is a lack of information about the various screening tools and their applicability to the certain groups of patients. Therefore I recommend issuing guidelines by professional society, in the direction of the definition of screening tools and their using in the certain groups of patients, for the healthcare providers in

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier, selon une approche psychosociale, les facteurs de vulnérabilité associés au risque de malnutrition au sein du binôme personne âgée démente/aidant familial. Cette étude transversale a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une intervention psychosociale effectuée à domicile et proposée par un Centre Local d’Information et de Coordination (CLIC) en milieu rural. Les caractéristiques socio-démographiques et des mesures sur la santé psychologique et physique ont été recueillies auprès d’un échantillon composé de 56 binômes. Nos résultats montrent que le risque de malnutrition des personnes âgées démentes serait plus particulièrement expliqué par leur dépendance dans les activités de base de la vie quotidienne et par le propre risque de malnutrition des aidants familiaux. Ce dernier serait lui-même expliqué par la dépression, leur niveau de dépendance, et la sévérité de l’apathie de leur proche dément. Après avoir défini des profils nutritionnels de binômes et les facteurs de vulnérabilité qui y sont associés, la description de leur vécu et de leurs interactions autour de l’alimentation permet de mieux comprendre les problématiques psychologiques en jeu. Ces résultats sont discutés en fonction de la dimension psychosociale de l’alimentation, entre dépendance comme facteur de vulnérabilité et interdépendance comme fonction d’affirmation et de maintien du lien au sein du binôme. Finalement, ces éléments de réponses ainsi que les limites identifiées nous amènent à proposer des perspectives de recherche et de prise en charge / This work aims to study psychosocial factors associated with risk of malnutrition in the dyad demented elderly/ family caregiver. This cross-sectional study comprising 56 community-dwelling demented elderly and 56 family caregivers was performed in a French gerontological institution providing psychosocial interventions. The data collected included their socio-demographic characteristics and measures of their psychological and physical health. Our results show that the risk of malnutrition of demented elderly would be particularly explained by their dependence in activities of daily life and the own risk of malnutrition of family caregivers. This one would be explained by their dependence, depression, and the severity of apathy of demented elderly. Nutritional profiles of caregiving dyads and vulnerability factors associated are presented. According to these profiles, description of their emotional experiences and their interactions concerning feeding-related activities is interesting to better understand the psychological issues. These results are discussed according to psychosocial dimension of feeding, between dependence as a vulnerability factor and interdependence as a function to affirm and preserve the link within caregiving dyad. Finally, the limits of this work and its implications for both clinical and research are argued.