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The purpose of this empirical research is to evaluate the relationship between credit constraints and household risky assets in China. The life-cycle hypothesis theory and household portfolio choice theory is the basis of the research. Using a probit model, we find out that credit constraints do not have a clear impact on the probability of households to hold risky assets. Furthermore, the coefficients between age and risky assets are non-linear. Households in urban regions have a high positive coefficient with risky assets. As for now, the literature is missing theories on the relationship between credit constraints and household financial risky assets in China. Thus, this study will enrich the literature of household financial assets allocation by using a questionnaire survey from CHFS (China Household Finance Survey).

Assume that we have an~investor who may invests in several risky assets called stocks and in one non-risky asset called bond and that the investor is interested in the expected utility of his/her wealth far in the future. In order to be able to treat the problem, we make several essential simplifying assumptions. First, we assume that the logarithm of the stock market prices is a~multidimensional arithmetic Brownian motion, that the investors pays proportional transaction costs and that the utility function is of a~HARA type. We are able to propose a~strategy that can be called almost optimal in the long run provided that the stock market prices are independent.

La complexité grandissante des produits financiers proposés aux ménages et les innovations financières récentes ont révélé la vulnérabilité et la difficulté des ménages `à prendre des décisions appropriées. Afin de mieux comprendre leur comportement, cette thèse se concentre sur les choix de portefeuille des ménages au cours de leur cycle de vie. Quatre chapitres ont ´été d´développés dans ce but. Les conseillers en patrimoine suggèrent aux ménages de de s’investir en actifs risqués à l’approche de la retraite. Le chapitre 1 apporte un éclairage sur cette recommandation. Nous montrons que le profil d’investissement fondé sur cette recommandation n’est pas préférable à un profil d’investissement constant en raison de la sensibilité de leur performance aux marchés et période d’investissement. Cela nous a amené à analyser la relation entre les choix financiers et l’inertie de portefeuille dans le chapitre 2. Il ressort que la part d’actifs risqués est sensible à la conjoncture boursière mais essentiellement à la date d’ouverture du contrat. Les ménages maintiennent le plus souvent leur décision d’investissement tout au long de la durée du contrat. En revanche, en cas de fortes variations boursières, ils réajustent leurs portefeuilles. Ils sont plus sensibles aux baisses qu’aux hausses boursières. L’inertie de portefeuille est influencée par l’ˆâge de l’´épargnant et la date d’ouverture du contrat. Nous approfondissons le résultat de l’effet de l’âge sur l’inertie. Le chapitre 3 étudie donc comment varie la part d’actifs risqués avec l’âge. Nous montrons que cette part décline de façon régulière. Enfin le chapitre 4 analyse la participation des ménages au marché financier ainsi que les incidences de l’environnement économique sur les choix de portefeuille. Nous montrons que les facteurs institutionnels encouragent l’investissement dans l’immobilier au détriment des actifs risqués. Les choix de portefeuille des ménages sont aussi influencés par des facteurs d´démographiques et sociaux. / The increasing complexity of financial products offered to households and the recent financial inno-vations have revealed households’ vulnerability and their difficulty in making appropriate decisions. Tounderstand their behaviour, this thesis deals with household portfolio choice over their life cycle. It consistsof four chapters. Professional financial planners often advise savers that the fraction of wealth held in riskyassets should decline with age or the distance to retirement. Chapter 1 sheds light on this recommendation.We show that the investment profile based on this recommendation is not preferable to an investment profilewhose share invested in risky assets remains constant over time, due to the sensitivity of their performance tomarket and investment length. This led us to analyse the relationship between financial decisions and portfolioinertia in Chapter 2. It appears that the risky share is sensitive to market conditions, but mainly at the dateof subscription. Once the initial share has been selected, inertia of portfolio choice is observed as investorsrarely revise their position subsequently. However, in case of large swings in financial markets, portfolio inertiafalls, and even more so when market go down. The propensity to inertia is influenced by savers’ age, the time,and the subscription date of the contract. Chapter 3 examines how household risky share vary with age. Weshow that the share of capital invested in unit-linked funds chosen by the investor declines steadily. Chapter 4analyses household participation in financial markets and the impact of the economic environment on portfoliochoice. We show that institutional factors encourage investment in real estate at the expense of risky assets.In addition to their economic environment, household portfolio choices are influenced by demographic andsocial factors.

This research paper focuses on whether Taiwan's 13 financial holding companies (excluding Waterland Financial Holdings) belongs to the bank's capital management efficiency, using a narrow definition of capital. First, do a preliminary analysis of the capital of the banks first, second, and three types of capital. Secondly, the use of supplementary items in the balance sheet, profit and loss account and balance-sheet and some of the information into the banking book assets and liabilities of the banking book and trading book assets, trading book liabilities, risk assets and market value-added and other programs in order to do all kinds of bank trend analysis of assets and liabilities and capital management. Finally, I would investigate whether the high capital adequacy ratio that their performance is better? The provisions of the Basel ¢º want to improve the bank's risk management capability, however, and set out the statutory capital requirements of the Bank help to keep the emphasis on risk management?