The athecate hydroid Bimeria franciscana Torrey has been found in estuarine habitats throughout the world. For this study B. franciscana was collected along the docks of the Petaluma River, California, a new collection site. Investigations on the appearance and biology of this hydroid have not been recorded in this area, perhaps because of its relative rarity along the river Distribution records and synonymy of B. franciscana as well as general taxonomic characteristics of the species of the Genus Bimeria present on the west coast of the United States are assembled in a series of appendices added to this work. This compiled information, along with the information on B. franciscana presented in this paper, are then compared as a basis for clarification of the confused taxonomy of the Family Atractylidae.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19298号 / 工博第4095号 / 新制||工||1631(附属図書館) / 32300 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 米田 稔, 教授 田中 宏明, 准教授 島田 洋子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

The greater part of Pazande speaking territory is situated at a reasonable distance from the major swahilophone territories and most speakers of Zande have never been in close contact with speakers of Kiswahili. Only when Tippu Tip reached the north-eastern areas of present DR Congo and claimed a political position of power, did the Zande came into contact with Kiswahili. This contact was not intense and, as such, the few Kiswahili loanwords that exist in Zande have never been a topic of research. Such loanwords, however, do exist, e.g. kiti ‘chair’, and may have entered the language via Lingala or, due to its geographical proximity, the variety Bangala.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Hydrogeology. July 2017. / Hydrogeological research was undertaken in the transboundary Ramotswa dolomitic aquifer to provide understanding and quantification of the processes governing recharge mechanism and rates, in order to promote efficient and sustainable groundwater resource utilization and development, as well as to improve the Ramotswa transboundary aquifer management. Hydrochemical and tracer approaches were utilized to evaluate the processes governing the recharge mechanism while the chloride mass balance approach was further applied to assess groundwater recharge rates. Results indicated that all groundwater samples contained detectable amounts of tritium highlighting the renewability of the transboundary Ramotswa aquifer resources. Two distinct water types were characterised: sub-modern waters approximately recharge prior to the 1950s and a mixture of modern and sub-modern waters of recently recharge rainfall indicative of active recharge in the area through intensive rainfall. Correlation between δ18O and δ2H, and soil Cl- indicated that groundwater recharge in the Ramotswa dolomitic aquifer takes place mainly by two flow mechanisms: a displacement of moisture through a diffuse or piston flow through permeable soils and from concentrated runoffs due to surface depressions, and a preferential flow component through fractures that outcrop at surface and riverbed infiltration along the ephemeral Notwane River. Annual groundwater recharge estimates varied from 0.4% MAP to 12% MAP and from 5% MAP to 14% MAP within the northern parts and the southern parts of the study area, respectively. Recharge estimates correlated well with the proposed mechanism of flow both in the southern and in the northern parts of the study area as well as with the previous studies conducted within the greater Ramotswa area. A way forward to ensure the long-term sustainability of the transboundary Ramotswa aquifer resources is recommended, such as to preserve and protect potential recharge areas through carefully controlled land use planning and development, and to equate abstraction rates to average recharge rates, which has to be subjected to the Limpopo Watercourse Commission. / MT2018

The habitat requirements of shovelnose sturgeon populations are unknown for the lower Mississippi River. Active acoustic telemetry was used to measure temporal variation in habitat use of shovelnose sturgeon and preference for depth, surface current velocity, and riverbed rugosity and slope by the population and within sandbar microhabitats. Shovelnose sturgeon occupied habitats differently throughout the year; and, within habitats, areas of moderate depth and surface current velocity and smooth riverbed were preferred. Within sandbars, environmental conditions did not differ from the surrounding environment, yet frequent aggregations of individuals in the lower portion of sandbars often in close proximity suggest habitat preference at a scale greater than the 5 ha measured. Results of this study provide information on seasonal habitat use patterns and methods that can be applied to a long-term dataset to identify the habitat requirements of shovelnose sturgeon.

This study was initiated to assess the biological, ecological and sociological aspects of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, fishery associated with the Pascagoula River Estuary in southern Mississippi. Household surveys were conducted in the cities of Moss Point and Pascagoula, Mississippi, September 2010 to September 2011, to identify, describe and classify subsistence fishing activities associated with the estuary. A stock assessment of blue crab was conducted to determine how biological and environmental variability affect the people engaged in this subsistence fishery. The study revealed two types of subsistence fishing occurring in the Moss Point/Pascagoula area. The first type involves fishing as a livelihood strategy based on economic dependence, and the second type involves fishing as a lifestyle choice based on economic independence. Both are based on customary and traditional patterns of local resource use and consumption and maintained by reciprocal kinship-based social networks. The blue crab fishery in the Pascagoula River Estuary was highly variable and exhibited strong seasonal and spatial patterns in distribution and abundance. Subsistence fishers in the region have developed strategies to cope with this biological and environmental variability. These region-specific strategies include but are not limited to: fishing using multiple gears simultaneously (rod and reel and crab nets), freezing fish, relying on other natural resources including agriculture and wildlife, and generalized reciprocity.

This project focused on aluminum precipitation within the Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The CSSX process uses a solvent to separate cesium. In the scrubbing section, the solvent containing cesium is scrubbed with 0.05 M nitric acid to remove soluble sodium and potassium ions. During scrubbing, aluminum precipitation has been observed. Solids precipitation is of concern as solids might erode centrifugal contactor internals and/or plug transfer pipelines. Hence, it is important to identify conditions under which solids precipitation may occur and identify an operating region where solids precipitation is minimized. Room temperature experiments on the CSSX scrubbing process were conducted. Experimental results were compared with predictions from ESP (Environmental Simulation Program). The order and specific rate for the reversible aluminum precipitation reaction were obtained as a function of initial stream dilution and % carryover. The reaction was first order based on regression results.

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